Combining CLUE-S and SWAT models to forecast land use change and non-point source pollution impact at a watershed scale in Liaoning Province,China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Miao Liu  Chunlin Li  Yuanman Hu  Fengyun Sun  Yanyan Xu  Tan Chen 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2014,24(5):540-550

Non-point source （NPS） pollution has become a major source of water pollution. A combination of models would provide the necessary direction and approaches designed to control NPS pollution through land use planning. In this study, NPS pollution load was simulated in urban planning, historic trends and ecological protection land use scenarios based on the Conversion of Land Use and its Effect at Small regional extent （CLUE-S） and Soil and Water Assessment Tool （SWAT） models applied to Hunhe-Taizi River Watershed, Liaoning Province, China. Total nitrogen （TN） and total phosphorus （TP） were chosen as NPS pollution indices. The results of models validation showed that CLUE-S and SWAT models were suitable in the study area. NPS pollution mainly came from dry farmland, paddy, rural and urban areas. The spatial distribution of TN and TP exhibited the same trend in 57 sub-catchments. The TN and TP had the highest NPS pollution load in the western and central plains, which concentrated the urban area and farm land. The NPS pollution load would increase in the urban planning and historic trends scenarios, and would be even higher in the urban planning scenario. How- ever, the NPS pollution load decreased in the ecological protection scenario. The differences observed in the three scenarios indicated that land use had a degree of impact on NPS pollution, which showed that scientific and ecologically sound construction could effec- tively reduce the NPS pollution load in a watershed. This study provides a scientific method for conducting NPS pollution research at the watershed scale, a scientific basis for non-point source pollution control, and a reference for related policy making.  相似文献   

Importance of soil moisture and N availability to larch growth and distribution in the Arctic taiga-tundra boundary ecosystem,northeastern Siberia     

《Polar Science》2014,8(4):327-341

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Assessment of soil–pile–structure interaction influencing seismic response of mid-rise buildings sitting on floating pile foundations     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2014

The role of the seismic soil–pile–structure interaction (SSPSI) is usually considered beneficial to the structural system under seismic loading since it lengthens the lateral fundamental period and leads to higher damping of the system in comparison with the fixed-base assumption. Lessons learned from recent earthquakes show that fixed-base assumption could be misleading, and neglecting the influence of SSPSI could lead to unsafe design particularly for structures founded on soft soils. In this study, in order to better understand the SSPSI phenomena, a series of shaking table tests have been conducted for three different cases, namely: (i) fixed-base structure representing the situation excluding the soil–structure interaction; (ii) structure supported by shallow foundation on soft soil; and (iii) structure supported by floating (frictional) pile foundation in soft soil. A laminar soil container has been designed and constructed to simulate the free field soil response by minimising boundary effects during shaking table tests. In addition, a fully nonlinear three dimensional numerical model employing FLAC3D has been adopted to perform time-history analysis on the mentioned three cases. The numerical model adopts hysteretic damping algorithm representing the variation of the shear modulus and damping ratio of the soil with the cyclic shear strain capturing the energy absorbing characteristics of the soil. Results are presented in terms of the structural response parameters most significant for the damage such as foundation rocking, base shear, floor deformation, and inter-storey drifts. Comparison of the numerical predictions and the experimental data shows a good agreement confirming the reliability of the numerical model. Both experimental and numerical results indicate that soil–structure interaction amplifies the lateral deflections and inter-storey drifts of the structures supported by floating pile foundations in comparison to the fixed base structures. However, the floating pile foundations contribute to the reduction in the lateral displacements in comparison to the shallow foundation case, due to the reduced rocking components.  相似文献   

On the influence of vertical loads on the lateral response of pile foundation     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2014

The influence of vertical loads on the lateral response of group piles installed in sandy soil and connected together by a concrete cap is studied through finite elements analyses. The analyses focus on the five piles in the middle row of 3 × 5 pile groups. The vertical load is applied by enforcing a vertical displacement equivalent to 2% of the pile diameter through the pile cap prior to the application of the lateral loads. The results have shown that the lateral resistance of the leading pile (pile 1) does not appear to vary considerably with the vertical load. However, the vertical load leads to 23%, 36%, 64%, and 82% increase in the lateral resistance of piles 2–5, respectively. The increase in the lateral pressures in the sand deposit is the major driving factor to contribute the change in the lateral resistance of piles, depending on the position of the pile in the group. The distribution of lateral loads among piles in the group tends to be more uniform when vertical loads were considered leading to a more economical pile foundation design.  相似文献   

Proposed nonlinear 3-D analytical method for piled raft foundations     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2014

The load distribution and deformation of piled raft foundations subjected to axial and lateral loads were investigated by a numerical analysis and field case studies. Special attention is given to the improved analytical method (YSPR) proposed by considering raft flexibility and soil nonlinearity. A load transfer approach using p–y, t–z and q–z curves is used for the analysis of piles. An analytical method of the soil–structure interaction is developed by taking into account the soil spring coupling effects based on the Filonenko-Borodich model. The proposed method has been verified by comparing the results with other numerical methods and field case studies on piled raft. Through comparative studies, it is found that the proposed method in the present study is in good agreement with general trend observed by field measurements and, thus, represents a significant improvement in the prediction of piled raft load sharing and settlement behavior.  相似文献   

内蒙古库伦旗秦家沟土壤地球化学特征及找矿方向     

刘新运 《地质与勘探》2014,50(Z1):1338-1343

本文通过统计秦家沟土壤样品多元素地球化学参数,推测可能的矿源层和富集成矿作用,分析Grd数据对比图,分析各元素高值区的分布特征,根据相关系数（λ）矩阵的因子分析结果,得到了2个元素组合,推测出本区的主成矿元素和伴生元素,根据R型聚类分析谱系图的统计结果,推测出了本区可能存在的中高温元素组合类型和中低温元素组合类型,确定了本区有利的成矿元素组合类型,圈定了组合异常,通过归一化Grd数据图和组合异常对比,验证异常的合理性和有效性。通过施工地表工程,对所圈定的异常进行了查证,取得了良好的找矿效果,揭示了本区所蕴藏的成矿信息,指明了本区今后的找矿方向,为更好地指导本区下一步勘查工作提供了依据。  相似文献   

基于Sufer软件的安徽巢湖马家凹地区土壤化探测量的数据处理方法     

王西荣  李绍侠  赵赳  吴伟  邹德伟 《江苏地质》2014,38(4):644-651

通过各项地质工作,完成面积约7.47 km2的土壤化探测量,采集样品1 353个,根据统计分析结果,确定了区内Au元素与Cu、Pb、Zn及Ag的关系较之Co、Ni密切,反映了区内金的成矿与老地层有一定的成因联系。通过异常等级的确定,圈定金化探异常9个。并利用地球化学块体方法对区内金的资源潜力进行了评估。初步认为区内金在构造、地层有利地段是最佳的最找矿地段。  相似文献   

一种基于贝叶斯理论的区域斜坡稳定性评价模型   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

伍宇明  兰恒星  高星  李郎平  孟云闪 《工程地质学报》2014,22(6):1227-1233

本文结合滑坡物理模型和统计模型的优点,针对小流域滑坡稳定性分析,建立了一种基于贝叶斯理论的区域斜坡稳定性评价模型。该模型主要采用灾害自身信息来修正原始模型中的参数,解决了区域稳定性评价中参数难以确定的问题。该方法首先设定模型的初始参数分布,然后利用采样点雨前和雨后稳定性不同的信息建立验证方程,再根据马尔科夫链蒙特卡罗模拟和贝叶斯方法确定最终的参数分布,进而得出区域稳定性分布。应用该模型对福建省蔡源小流域的6 13滑坡群发性事件进行分析。结果显示,蔡源小流域地区的无量纲黏聚系数C为0.028,有效摩擦角为16.7,土壤的导水系数T和降雨量q的比值为529.026m,可能不稳定地区和不稳定地区达到76.0%。该模型利用历史灾害数据自动模拟出合适的参数,对区域滑坡稳定性评价具有重要意义。  相似文献   

列车振动荷载作用下南京细砂振动累积变形特性试验研究     

庄海洋  陈磊  沈礼伟  左玉峰 《工程地质学报》2014,22(6):1294-1300

列车振动荷载作用下松散砂土振密造成的早期路基沉降将对列车的正常运行产生很大的影响。本文以南京地区新近沉积片状细砂为研究对象,采用英国GDS空心圆柱扭剪仪模拟列车振动荷载的实际应力路径,并考虑排水条件、试样围压和加载幅值等因素,初步研究了2000列次(14000振次)列车振动荷载作用下南京新近沉积片状细砂的振动排水特性和竖向累积变形特性。实验结果表明,试样围压对南京片状细砂的竖向累积变形的影响较为明显,同时,当试验围压较小时,加载幅值对试样的竖向累积变形的影响更大。其次,排水条件主要对列车运营前期的路基累积变形产生明显的影响,对后期的累积变形的影响基本可以忽略。最后,根据试验结果,本文也初步给出了排水条件和不排水条件下南京片状细砂的竖向累积应变增长曲线的新预测公式及其参数取值。研究结论对列车振动荷载作用下新近沉积砂性土的动力学特性及其累积变形的计算方法等问题的研究具有很好的参考价值。  相似文献   

超浅层顶管施工诱发地表沉降规律分析     

张海生 《岩土钻凿工程》2014,(2):61-66

随着社会化进程的推进,顶管法在各类城市地下管线的施工中得到广泛应用。超浅层顶管施工。绝大多数是在已建道路下进行的,施工时,易发生地表沉降,且沉降量很大,易破坏路面。为此,超浅层顶管施工对周围环境的影响已引起人们足够的重视,其施工及控制技术是目前迫切需要掌握的。利用有限差分软件FLAC3D对顶管施工过程中地表沉降进行模拟,旨在了解超浅层顶管施工引起的力学效应。对超浅层顶管施工引起的地表沉降作出预测,为采取措施减小地表沉降提供依据。  相似文献