一种基于分割的机载LiDAR点云数据滤波     

胡举  杨辽  沈金祥  吴小波 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2012,37(3):318-321

针对当前滤波算法在处理地形不连续区域或存在复杂建筑物区域时容易过分＂腐蚀＂地形并难以去除一些低矮植被的不足,提出了一种基于分割的机载LiDAR点云滤波算法。首先,对原始点云基于地表连续性进行分割;然后,在移除点数目较小的粗差点集之后采用对分割点集建立缓冲区的方法,区分地面和非地面点集;在较大地物经过迭代分割基本移除之后,使用约束平面的方法移除高度较小的地表附着物以实现滤波。实验结果表明,与经典滤波算法相比,该算法提高了地面点的分类精度,在滤除地物信息的同时能有效地保留地形特征。  相似文献   

砖木、砖石结构建筑闪电分流系数研究     

邹事钢  祁永辉  李丹  孙少雄  张向东  郝玲英  张贞贞 《山西气象》2010,(4):27-31

随着经济的发展,我国对高层建筑,以及智能建筑物的防雷很重视,具体的防雷措施也做的很到位.但相对于一些古建筑物来说,特别是砖木,砖石结构建筑,在防雷方面却没有引起足够的重视,现阶段能够大量保存的砖木、砖石结构建筑大部分都是具有重要历史、艺术、科学价值的革命遗址、纪念建筑物、古文化遗址、古城址、古窑址、古墓葬、古建筑、石窟寺、古民居、石刻等文物,因此对这些建筑的防雷措施应该更加重视.本文做了关于砖木、砖石结构建筑闪电分流系数研究,仅供参考,希望对砖木、砖石建筑物雷电防护工作起到一定的作用.  相似文献   

广西靖西M_s5.2级地震房屋破坏特征          下载免费PDF全文

赵修敏    张忠利    牟剑英  韦王秋  杨钦杰 《世界地震工程》2021,(1):228-234

近年来广西地震发生频率明显提高,陆续发生了3次5级以上中强地震,包括2016年苍梧5.4级地震、2019年北流5.2级地震和2019年靖西5.2级地震,这可能意味着广西地区进入了地震活跃期。2019年靖西5.2级地震造成较重的房屋建筑物破坏,是分析广西房屋震害很好的样本。本文对各烈度区内不同结构类型房屋的震害现象进行了整理和统计,分析了不同结构类型房屋的震害特征与震害原因。结果显示:简易房屋除年久失修的之外基本完好;砌体结构房屋因结构不规则,缺乏抗震构造措施等,破坏较重,且破坏形式多样;框架结构房屋主体完好但填充墙会出现破坏。  相似文献   

A modified approach for semi-quantitative estimation of physical vulnerability of buildings exposed to different landslide intensity scenarios   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Aditi Singh  Shilpa Pal 《Georisk: Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards》2019,13(1):66-81

Landslides are the most common natural disasters in mountainous regions, being responsible for significant loss of life as well as damage to critical infrastructure and properties. As the world population grows, people tend to move to higher locations to construct buildings, thereby making structures vulnerable due to landslides. This paper discusses previous research on the vulnerability assessment of structures exposed to landslides and presents a modified semi-quantitative approach to assess the scenario-based physical vulnerability of buildings based on their resistance ability and landslide intensity. Resistance ability is determined by integrating expert knowledge-based resistance factors assigned to five primary building parameters. Landslide intensity matrix defining different intensity levels is proposed based on combinations of landslide velocity and volume. Physical vulnerability of buildings is estimated and classified as class I, II or III for scenario-based low to very high landslide intensity. Finally, the application of the model is illustrated with a case study of 71 buildings from Garhwal Himalayas, India.  相似文献   

Geographies of energy transition: the case of high-performing commercial office space in the central business districts of Sydney and Melbourne,Australia     

Chantel Carr  Robyn Dowling 《The Australian geographer》2019,50(1):29-48

As a signatory to the Paris Climate Agreement, Australia committed to reduce emissions significantly by 2030. In a country highly urbanised and dependent on fossil fuels as its primary energy source, one key avenue for meeting these commitments is energy transition in the built environment. Australia has emerged as a leader in the design and construction of high-performance buildings in the premium commercial office sector. In this paper, we address a significant gap in understanding the diverse mechanisms through which building energy transition is being constituted in this sector, focusing on Sydney and Melbourne. In the absence of substantive publicly available data, we draw on mixed methods comprising a database developed around high-performing CBD office buildings and qualitative interviews with a range of sectoral stakeholders. We characterise the building stock in each city, and document five trends constituting energy transitions. We demonstrate that building energy transitions are not only shaped purposefully by dominant governance regimes but also by opportunistic responses to specific material and commercial conditions and legacies in each city. Thus the urban built environment affords significant opportunity for energy transitions, but pathways towards such transitions are necessarily multiple and ultimately shaped by material as well as institutional geographies.  相似文献   

An improved building detection approach using L-band POLSAR two-dimensional time-frequency decomposition over oriented built-up areas     

Lei Deng  Ying He  Zhi-hui Mao  Jie Yu 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2019,56(1):1-21

The objective of this study is to efficiently extract detailed information about various man-made targets in oriented built-up areas using polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (POLSAR) images. This paper develops an improved approach for building detection by utilizing Two-Dimensional Time-Frequency (2-D TF) decomposition. This method performs outstandingly in distinguishing between man-made and natural targets based on the isotropic behaviors, frequency-sensitive responses, and scattering mechanisms of objects. The proposed method can preserve the spatial resolution and exploit the advantages of TF decomposition; specifically, the exact outlines of buildings can be effectively located, and more types of features (e.g., flat roofs, roads, and walls that are oblique to the radar illumination) can be distinguished from forests in complex built-up areas by 2-D TF decomposition. The coarser-resolution subaperture images that are produced in the azimuth direction, which correspond to different looking angles, are beneficial for detecting man-made structures with main scattering centers oriented at oblique angles with respect to the radar illumination. In the range direction, the obtained subaperture images, which correspond to various observation frequencies, can be helpful in distinguishing flat roofs and roads from forests. This method was successfully implemented to analyze both NASA/JPL L-band AIRSAR and L-band EMISAR data sets. The building detection results of the proposed method exhibit a significant improvement over those of other methods and reach an overall accuracy over 80%, with approximately 20% higher than the accuracies of K-means clustering and the entropy/alpha-Wishart classifier and approximately 10% higher than the accuracy of the support vector machine method. Moreover, building details can be precisely detected, obliquely oriented buildings can be identified, and the distinction between buildings and forests is significantly improved, as both visually and statistically indicated. This method is highly adaptable and has substantial application value.  相似文献   

地理国情普查数据支持下的人口空间化方法     

杨瑞红  董春  张玉 《测绘科学》2017,42(1)

针对传统的人口空间化方法存在数据源多、模型复杂、忽视居住建筑类型的影响等问题,提出了一种以居住建筑作为人口分布参考的人口空间化方法。在地理国情普查数据的支持下,文章选取株洲市境内的18个乡镇为研究区。首先,将研究区内的居住建筑重分类为多层房屋、低矮房屋和废弃房屋,采用最小二乘法求算各类居住建筑的居住密度。然后,根据各乡镇人口估计值的相对误差对各乡镇各类居住建筑的居住密度进行修正。最后,运用GIS的叠加分析技术得到250m格网人口密度图。检验结果表明,人口估计值与人口统计值的线性拟合斜率为0.965,另外基于居住建筑重分类的人口空间化方法使得人口估计精度较未重分类时有了明显提高。  相似文献   

半自动机载LiDAR点云建筑物三维重建方法   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

周平华  熊彪 《测绘科学》2017,42(5)

针对全自动建筑物3D重建存在需要后续人工检验,且发现重建错误需要花费额外时间修改的问题,提出了一种半自动的面向对象的机载LiDAR点云建筑物3D重建方法。基于建筑物类别点云的联通分析和平面生长分割结果,提出了自动的建筑物栋数检测、单栋建筑物外轮廓提取、单栋建筑物内部结构线提取方法;同时,在计算机无法完成部分工作时,人工辅助计算机完成高程阶越线提取、识别建筑物屋顶附属物点云等工作。实验证明,该方法可以适用于高密度机载LiDAR点云数据中城区大部分建筑物的3D模型重建。  相似文献   

Characterizing mixed-use buildings based on multi-source big data     

Xiaoping Liu  Xingjian Liu  He Jin  Jinpei Ou  Limin Jiao 《International journal of geographical information science》2018,32(4):738-756

To-date few research has successfully integrated big data from multiple sources to characterize urban mixed-use buildings. In this paper, we introduce a probabilistic model to integrate multi-source and geospatial big data (social network data, taxi trajectories, Points of Interest and remote sensing images) to characterize urban mixed-use buildings. The usefulness of our model is demonstrated with a case study of the Tianhe District in megacity Guangzhou, China. The model predicted building functions at 85% accuracy based on ground truth data from field surveys. We further explored the spatial patterns of the identified building functions. Most mixed-use buildings are located along major streets. Our proposed model can identify mixed-use buildings in a city; information is useful for planning evaluation and urban policymaking.  相似文献   

Could baseline establishment be counterproductive for emissions reduction? Insights from Vietnam’s building sector     

Maryna Karavai  Søren E. Lütken  Daniel Puig 《Climate Policy》2018,18(4):459-470

This article provides insights into the role of institutions involved in climate governance working towards a future low-carbon society at the national level, within the global climate change governance architecture. Specifically, it contributes to understanding the fragmented governance of energy efficiency policy in developing countries by focussing on Vietnam’s building sector, identifying key institutions related to underlying discourses, national and international power relations, resource distribution and coalitions. It uses the case of baseline setting in developing Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) to illustrate institutional dynamics, nationally and transnationally, as well as to question whether demands for baseline setting achieve the ideal trade-off between actual GHG emissions reduction and institutionalized demands for accountability. The analysis reveals that, in addition to domestic efforts and challenges, the international agenda greatly influences the energy efficiency policy arena. The article presents lessons to be learnt about policy processes from the specific Vietnamese case, reflecting on the role of international actors and discourses in it. Finally, it argues for the abolition of baselines in favour of adequate monitoring and evaluation, from the perspective that requirement for deviation from fictitious baselines is unproductive and only serves an international techno-managerial discourse.

POLICY RELEVANCE

Baseline establishment is commonly considered an initial step in developing NAMAs, in order to facilitate the demonstration of a deviation from such baselines. The requirement to produce baselines is traditionally not questioned by policy practitioners. Thus, significant development resources are allocated to the establishment of baselines and the bridging of data gaps, often without consideration as to whether baselines are a necessary instrument for NAMA implementation. We suggest omitting the lengthy and resource-consuming practice of establishing baselines and recommend proceeding forthwith to the planning and implementation of mitigation and energy efficiency policies. As conditions vary significantly in different contexts, it would be more appropriate to measure the initial situation, establishing the ‘base point’, and monitor development from that point. The present article might serve as motivation for policymakers to question traditional approaches to policy development and consider alternatives to maximize the cost efficacy of NAMA programmes and facilitate their implementation.  相似文献