Kriging in terms of projections     

A. G. Journel 《Mathematical Geology》1977,9(6):563-586

In the last few years, an increasing number of practical studies using so-called kriging estimation procedures have been published. Various terms, such as universal kriging, lognormal kriging, ordinary kriging, etc., are used to define different estimation procedures, leaving a certain confusion about what kriging really is. The object of this paper is to show what is the common backbone of all these estimation procedures, thus justifying the common name of kriging procedures. The word kriging (in French krigeage) is a concise and convenient term to designate the classical procedure of selecting, within agiven class of possible estimators, the estimator with a minimum estimation variance (i.e., the estimator which leads to a minimum variance of the resulting estimation error). This estimation variance can be seen as a squared distance between the unknown value and its estimator; the process of minimization of this distance can then be seen as the projection of the unknown value onto the space within which the search for an estimator is carried out.  相似文献   

Exact formulas for approximating variogram function integrals     

Mark R. Dunn  H. Dennis Tolley  J. Richard Alldredge 《Mathematical Geology》1980,12(6):577-588

The application of regionalized variables requires the estimation of the variogram function and the evaluation of its integral. By representing the variogram by a polygonal function the integral may be easily approximated by closed form representations of polygonal integrals. This approach provides a basis for more extensive statistical evaluation not evident in existing approximation methods. This paper provides the closed form representations for two-dimensional variogram functions whose domain is represented by a finite collection of rectangles.  相似文献   

Trend-surface analysis     

G. S. Watson 《Mathematical Geology》1971,3(3):215-226

This paper is largely an exposition of the work of the French geostatistian G. Matheron and his school in English and at a simpler mathematical level. The probability theory on which it is based is essentially all contained in the references cited, most of which will be unfamiliar to mathematical geologists. The important method of universal kriging is explained intuitively. The genuine statistical problems, which have yet to be overcome, are pointed out.Research supported by the Office of Naval Research under contract NONR 4010(09) awarded to the Department of Statistics, The Johns Hopkins University. This paper in whole or in part may be reproduced for any purpose of the United States Government.  相似文献   

Use of Geostatistics For Accurate Mapping of Earthquake Ground Motion     

James R. Carr  Charles E. Glass 《Geophysical Journal International》1989,97(1):31-40

  相似文献   

松嫩平原玉米带土壤有机质和全氮的时空变异特征   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

张春华  王宗明  任春颖  张柏  宋开山  刘殿伟 《地理研究》2011,30(2):256-268

采用地统计学和GIS相结合的方法,研究了松嫩平原玉米带1980～2005年间土壤有机质和全氮的时空变异特征.结果表明:去除异常值后,土壤有机质和全氮均符合对数正态分布,两个时期土壤有机质的平均含量分别为2.14%和2.54%,土壤全氮的平均含量均为0.12%.通过变异函数分析,两个时期土壤有机质和全氮均符合高斯模型,1...  相似文献   

虎头崖铅锌多金属矿床矿体三维空间变化结构及分布规律          下载免费PDF全文

曹芳  毛先成  邹艳红  赵莹  邹品娟  吴泽权 《地质找矿论丛》2013,28(1):41-49

文章利用Vulcan和Datamine三维可视化软件建立了虎头崖铅锌多金属矿床矿体的三维实体模型、块体模型及地层三维实体模型;运用地质统计学方法分析了虎头崖矿区67线以东和117线以西矿体的Pb,Zn品位空间变化结构,得出搜索椭球体,实现了虎头崖铅锌多金属矿床矿体、地层形态和铅锌品位变化形态的空间分布展示;结合三维建模结果和铅锌矿体空间变化结构,总结出矿体空间分布规律,并用三维可视化软件对矿体分布规律进行显示,指导隐伏矿体的预测,寻找有利的找矿部位。  相似文献   

On the estimation of scale of fluctuation in geostatistics     

《Georisk: Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards》2013,7(2):129-140

Describing how soil properties vary spatially is of particular importance in stochastic analyses of geotechnical problems, because spatial variability has a significant influence on local material and global geotechnical response. In particular, the scale of fluctuation θ is a key parameter in the correlation model used to represent the spatial variability of a site through a random field. It is, therefore, of fundamental importance to accurately estimate θ in order to best model the actual soil heterogeneity. In this paper, two methodologies are investigated to assess their abilities to estimate the vertical and horizontal scales of fluctuation of a particular site using in situ cone penetration test (CPT) data. The first method belongs to the family of more traditional approaches, which are based on best fitting a theoretical correlation model to available CPT data. The second method involves a new strategy which combines information from conditional random fields with the traditional approach. Both methods are applied to a case study involving the estimation of θ at three two-dimensional sections across a site and the results obtained show general agreement between the two methods, suggesting a similar level of accuracy between the new and traditional approaches. However, in order to further assess the relative accuracy of estimates provided by each method, a second numerical analysis is proposed. The results confirm the general consistency observed in the case study calculations, particularly in the vertical direction where a large amount of data are available. Interestingly, for the horizontal direction, where data are typically scarce, some additional improvement in terms of relative error is obtained with the new approach.  相似文献   

地质统计学在羊拉铜矿储量计算中的应用     

余海军  李文昌  曾普胜  尹光候 《地球学报》2009,30(5):684-690

本文以云南德钦羊拉铜矿床为例, 借助Surpac矿业软件建立了矿床地质数据库, 并运用地质统计学的方法, 通过分析羊拉5号矿体铜品位分布规律, 计算出了厚度、倾向、走向3个方向的实验变异函数, 并进行了理论变异函数的曲线拟合, 确立了矿床的数学模型。在此基础上运用克立格法和距离平方反比法分别进行了储量计算, 再结合传统的块段法计算出的储量, 将三者进行对比分析, 探讨了三种方法的影响因素及其产生误差的根本原因, 最后认为运用克立格法计算储量具有先进性和使用性。文章还分析了铜矿体的品位－吨位曲线图, 为矿山合理确定经济品位和吨位提供了可靠的理论依据。  相似文献   

电离层总电子含量时空特征分析及分区建模   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘志平  赵自强  郭广礼 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2012,37(11)

利用地统计方法研究了全球VTEC时空分区特征,提出了IONEX单天产品发布的改进策略和VTEC时空分区建模方法,包括组合函数与IRI2007模型背景场建模方法。纬度10°～70°、经度60°～180°范围内单天VTEC分区建模与结果分析表明,分区建模极大地降低了模型的复杂性。上述两种方法均可得中低纬分区B13约为高纬分区A23中误差（2～3TECU）的2倍,验证了顾及VTEC时空特征分区建模的有效性。  相似文献   

Stepwise Conditional Transformation for Simulation of Multiple Variables   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Oy Leuangthong  Clayton V. Deutsch 《Mathematical Geology》2003,35(2):155-173

Most geostatistical studies consider multiple-related variables. These relationships often show complex features such as nonlinearity, heteroscedasticity, and mineralogical or other constraints. These features are not handled by the well-established Gaussian simulation techniques. Earth science variables are rarely Gaussian. Transformation or anamorphosis techniques make each variable univariate Gaussian, but do not enforce bivariate or higher order Gaussianity. The stepwise conditional transformation technique is proposed to transform multiple variables to be univariate Gaussian and multivariate Gaussian with no cross correlation. This makes it remarkably easy to simulate multiple variables with arbitrarily complex relationships: (1) transform the multiple variables, (2) perform independent Gaussian simulation on the transformed variables, and (3) back transform to the original variables. The back transformation enforces reproduction of the original complex features. The methodology and underlying assumptions are explained. Several petroleum and mining examples are used to show features of the transformation and implementation details.  相似文献