黑河中游临泽绿洲农田土壤有机质时空变化特征   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

刘文杰  苏永中  杨荣  范桂萍  杨秋 《干旱区地理》2010,33(2)

土壤有机质是表征土壤质量的一个重要指标,持续稳定的有机质含量是土壤维持生产能力的基础。土壤有机质的动态演变可以表征土地利用和管理水平。结合地理信息系统,运用地统计方法研究了黑河中游的临泽县绿洲农田20多年来土壤有机质含量的时空变化特征。结果表明:(1)1982年0~20 cm耕层土壤有机质含量平均为12.78±4.38 g/kg,2008年平均为13.76±4.02g/kg;从1982-2008年,有机质含量总体有所上升。(2)两个时期的土壤有机质的实验变异函数值与理论变异函数拟合均较好;克立格插值和不同时期的有机质空间分布图叠加运算表明,由于人为活动的影响,土壤有机质的结构性空间变化程度有所减弱。(3)临泽县土壤有机质含量和变化具有一定的区域性特点:南部的山前平原地区土壤有机质含量较高,呈现上升趋势;中部地势低下的区域土壤有机质相对较高,由于农田面积扩大,有机肥供应不足而下降显著;北部绿洲与戈壁交错带土壤有机质偏低。总体来看,临泽县土壤有机质含量有所上升,但局部地区的有机质发生了下降。为了防止局部区域土壤有机质下降引起土壤退化,应该采取加大有机肥投入和实施秸秆还田等措施。  相似文献   

塔里木河下游表层土壤盐分空间变异和格局分析   总被引：10，自引：3，他引：7  

杨红梅  徐海量  樊自立  李吉玫  牛俊勇  张青青 《中国沙漠》2010,30(3):564-570

土壤盐化是造成塔里木河下游天然植被退化的主要因素之一,应用地统计学方法,分析了塔里木河下游表层土壤盐分的空间异质性特征。结果表明,研究区土壤含盐量普遍较高,表层土壤盐分呈现强变异性和具有较强的空间自相关格局,主要受结构性因子影响。空间插值结果表明,表层土壤盐分整体上呈现出条带状的分布格局,局部地区表现出斑块状的空间变异特征。从河流纵向看,表层土壤盐分“两头高,中间低”;从河流横向看,离河道越远,盐分越低,地下水埋深逐渐加深,物种数和植被盖度分别表现出与之相应的递减趋势。  相似文献   

空间软数据及其插值方法研究进展   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

罗明  裴韬 《地理科学进展》2009,28(5):663-672

由于对地观测技术的迅速发展,空间数据的种类和数量增长迅猛,由空间数据反演得到的各种信息日趋膨胀,这些反演结果中的信息不少以软数据的形式出现。在实际应用中,这些软数据往往与空间插值的目标变量具有一定的相关性,甚至成为控制目标变量空间分布特征的重要因素。然而,由于这些数据通常表示为非数值形式,在计算和处理上存在着一定困难,以致被传统的插值方法所忽视,从而造成信息浪费。近来出现的空间软插值方法是一种利用空间软数据作为辅助信息并以改善插值效果的方法,能够较好的处理并利用软数据所隐含的信息,具有较好的应用发展前景。本文根据空间软数据的特点及其分类,系统综述了空间软插值方法及其应用领域。首先分析了空间数据软硬性质的根本区别,论述了软数据的分类和“硬化”方法,然后介绍空间插值模型中对空间软数据的集成方法和原理,最后对空间软插值方法及其应用研究领域进行了展望。  相似文献   

地质统计学及其在云南金宝山铂钯矿的应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘方成  秦德先  燕永锋  李保珠  秦来勇  洪托 《地质与资源》2005,14(4):293-296

应用地质统计学的理论和方法,编制了矿床数学-经济模型软件包,并使用该软件建立了金宝山铂钯矿矿床数学经济模型,计算了矿石储量,为提高矿山生产的经济效益、充分合理利用矿产资源提供了科学依据.  相似文献   

Rainfall network design using kriging and entropy   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Yen‐Chang Chen  Chiang Wei  Hui‐Chung Yeh 《水文研究》2008,22(3):340-346

The spatial distribution of rainfall is related to meteorological and topographical factors. An understanding of the weather and topography is required to select the locations of the rain gauge stations in the catchment to obtain the optimum information. In theory, a well‐designed rainfall network can accurately represent and provide the needed information of rainfall in the catchment. However, the available rainfall data are rarely adequate in the mountainous area of Taiwan. In order to provide enough rainfall data to assure the success of water projects, the rainfall network based on the existing rain gauge stations has to be redesigned. A method composed of kriging and entropy that can determine the optimum number and spatial distribution of rain gauge stations in catchments is proposed. Kriging as an interpolator, which performs linear averaging to reconstruct the rainfall over the catchment on the basis of the observed rainfall, is used to compute the spatial variations of rainfall. Thus, the rainfall data at the locations of the candidate rain gauge stations can be reconstructed. The information entropy reveals the rainfall information of the each rain gauge station in the catchment. By calculating the joint entropy and the transmitted information, the candidate rain gauge stations are prioritized. In addition, the saturation of rainfall information can be used to add or remove the rain gauge stations. Thus, the optimum spatial distribution and the minimum number of rain gauge stations in the network can be determined. The catchment of the Shimen Reservoir in Taiwan is used to illustrate the method. The result shows that only seven rain gauge stations are needed to provide the necessary information. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

A geostatistical model for estimating edge effects and cumulative human disturbance in wetlands and coastal waters     

John M. Humphreys  Amirsassan Mahjoor  Kelly Chinners Reiss  Andres Arias Uribe  Mark T. Brown 《International journal of geographical information science》2020,34(8):1508-1529

ABSTRACT

The modification of landscapes for agriculture, residential housing, and other human uses has the potential to alter ecosystem function, reduce native biodiversity, and to diminish the capacity of natural systems to provide essential goods and services. Resultantly, methods aimed at quantifying disturbance intensity at the intersection of anthropogenic and natural lands are important to applied aspects of landscape planning and natural resource management, as well as theoretical facets of spatial ecology. Tools to appraise human disturbance in wetlands and coastal waters are especially needed because the topographic settings of surface waters make them particularly susceptible to pollutant accumulation, hydrologic alteration, and other influences from the surrounding landscape. Assuming a water resources focus, we developed a novel geostatistical method to quantify and visualize edge effects and cumulative human disturbance for all wetlands and coastal waters in the State of Florida (USA). Model validation revealed that estimated disturbance intensity was strongly correlated to species richness, levels of heavy metal contamination, and persistent organic pollutant concentration. The presented modeling framework offers a flexible means to assess human disturbance across spatial scales and could be readily applied to prioritize conservation land acquisition and to anticipate future impacts from the proposed development.  相似文献   

Reducing the effects of vegetation phenology on change detection in tropical seasonal biomes     

Eduarda Martiniano de Oliveira Silveira  Fernando Del Bon Espírito-Santo  Fausto Weimar Acerbi-Júnior  Lênio Soares Galvão  Kieran Daniel Withey  George Alan Blackburn 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2019,56(5):699-717

  相似文献   

广州市表层土壤磁学性质的空间插值方法比较   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

贺辰戋  欧阳婷萍  彭莎莎 《热带地理》2020,40(5):903-918

本文利用广州市范围内的350个表层土壤样品χ_lf、χ_ARM/SIRM、HIRM等14个磁学参数的测试结果，在对各磁学参数分别进行统计特征分析和正态性检验的基础上，对满足正态或近似正态分布的磁学参数进行趋势分析。利用确定性插值法（包括反距离权重法和径向基函数法）和地统计法（包括普通克里金法和泛克里金法）对14个磁学参数进行空间插值并根据交叉验证法（比较不同插值方法的交叉验证参数）的结果，比较地统计法和确定性插值法的预测误差，从而确定14个磁学参数的最优插值方法。结果表明：1）地统计法中，χ_ARM、χ_lf、χ_hf、S₁₀₀、S₃₀₀、S_-100、SIRM和HIRM的普通克里金法插值效果最好；SIRM/χ的泛克里金法插值效果最好；χ_ARM/SIRM和S_-300的普通克里金法（OK）和泛克里金法（UK）的插值效果接近。OK法作为最常用的地统计空间插值方法，在表土磁学参数上也相较于UK适用范围更广。2）确定性插值法中，χ_ARM、χ_lf、χ_hf、χ_fd（%）、χ_ARM/χ、χ_ARM/SIRM、HIRM的径向基函数法插值效果最优；S₁₀₀、S_-100、S_-300和SIRM的反距离权重法插值效果最优；反距离权重法和径向基函数法均可作为χ_fd、SIRM/χ、S₃₀₀的插值方法。3）综合比较地统计法和确定性插值法，发现χ_ARM、χ_lf、χ_hf、χ_fd、χ_fd（%）、χ_ARM/χ、χ_ARM/SIRM、S₃₀₀、HIRM的空间插值应采用径向基函数法；S₁₀₀、S_-100和S_-300的空间插值应选择反距离权重法；而SIRM/χ和SIRM空间插值建议分别采用泛克里金法和普通克里金法。  相似文献   

Numerical modelling of stream–aquifer interaction: Quantifying the impact of transient streambed permeability and aquifer heterogeneity          下载免费PDF全文

Dan Zhou  Ye Zhang  Guillaume Gianni  Peter Lichtner  Irina Engelhardt 《水文研究》2018,32(14):2279-2292

Stream–aquifer interaction plays a vital role in the water cycle, and a proper study of this interaction is needed for understanding groundwater recharge, contaminants migration, and for managing surface water and groundwater resources. A model‐based investigation of a field experiment in a riparian zone of the Schwarzbach river, a tributary of the Rhine River in Germany, was conducted to understand stream–aquifer interaction under alternative gaining and losing streamflow conditions. An equivalent streambed permeability, estimated by inverting aquifer responses to flood waves, shows that streambed permeability increased during infiltration of stream water to aquifer and decreased during exfiltration. Aquifer permeability realizations generated by multiple‐point geostatistics exhibit a high degree of heterogeneity and anisotropy. A coupled surface water groundwater flow model was developed incorporating the time‐varying streambed permeability and heterogeneous aquifer permeability realizations. The model was able to reproduce varying pressure heads at two observation wells near the stream over a period of 55 days. A Monte Carlo analysis was also carried out to simulate groundwater flow, its age distribution, and the release of a hypothetical wastewater plume into the aquifer from the stream. Results of this uncertainty analysis suggest (a) stream–aquifer exchange flux during the infiltration periods was constrained by aquifer permeability; (b) during exfiltration, this flux was constrained by the reduced streambed permeability; (c) the effect of temporally variable streambed permeability and aquifer heterogeneity were found important to improve the accurate capture of the uncertainty; and (d) probabilistic infiltration paths in the aquifer reveal that such pathways and the associated prediction of the extent of the contaminant plume are highly dependent on aquifer heterogeneity.  相似文献   

复杂多金属矿床空间变异性套合技术研究与应用     

张修硕 《地质与勘探》2016,52(4):635-646

半变异函数是分析区域化变量空间结构的核心内容和有效工具。文章以云南大红山铜铁多金属矿床作为研究对象,基于DIMINE软件平台,通过Cu、TFe、SFe主要成矿元素的统计特征的分析,并构建了沿走向、倾向及厚度方向上的变异函数球状模型,从而确立矿体主要变化方向上的变异函数参数。分析显示各元素具有明显的空间结构性,Cu元素品位呈几何异向性,而TFe、SFe元素品位呈带状异向性,运用模型叠加的方法建立了各向异性的套合结构模型,结合矿体的实际赋存条件及产出特征,总结出各成矿元素总体沿水平方向具有较强的连续性,而在厚度上表现出逐层均匀变化的特征。根据成矿元素品位空间变异性分析结果,为矿床矿化规律的研究提供重要依据,为后续生产工作提供理论指导。  相似文献