排序方式： 共有65条查询结果，搜索用时 0 毫秒
51.
Atmospheric instability information derived from satellites plays an important role in short-term weather forecasting,especially the forecasting of severe convective storms. For the next generation of weather satellites for Korea's multi-purpose geostationary satellite program, a new imaging instrument has been developed. Although this imaging instrument is not designed to perform full sounding missions and its capability is limited, its multi-spectral infrared channels provide information on vertical sounding. To take full advantage of the observation data from the much improved spatiotemporal resolution of the imager, the feasibility of an artificial neural network approach for the derivation of the atmospheric instability is investigated.The multi-layer perceptron model with a feed-forward and back-propagation training algorithm shows quite a sensitive response to the selection of the training dataset and model architecture. Through an extensive performance test with a carefully selected training dataset of 7197 independent profiles, the model architectures are selected to be 12, 5000, and 0.3 for the number of hidden nodes, number of epochs, and learning rate, respectively. The selected model gives a mean absolute error,RMSE, and correlation coefficient of 330 J kg~(-1), 420 J kg~(-1), and 0.9, respectively. The feasibility is further demonstrated via application of the model to real observation data from a similar instrument that has comparable observation channels with the planned imager. 相似文献
52.
关于虚温订正CAPE求算方法的讨论 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对流有效位能(CAPE)是强对流天气分析和预报中的重要参数,准确的CAPE计算应该采用虚温订正。目前MICAPS和GRADS两种常用软件计算经过虚温订正的CAPE时,积分起点采用的都是订正前的自由对流高度(LFC),即LFC是气块温度与环境温度之差由负值转为正值的转折点的高度。本文理论分析表明,虚温订正后环境的层结曲线和气块的状态曲线都将发生变化。作为求算虚温订正CAPE时的积分起点、环境虚温和气块虚温曲线的交点——LFC也有相应变化,且虚温订正后LFC通常是降低的。虚温订正后的LFC若仍采用订正前的高度,显然与LFC的定义相悖。实际分析示例表明,LFC变化对CAPE数值大小的贡献或许是不明显的,但是它在图形上的表示更加合理,物理意义更加清晰。 相似文献
53.
能量参数在中川机场雷暴预测中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我国目前的大气探空网, 其时空观测密度尚不足以捕捉强对流天气信号.采用中尺度数值模式MM5对发生在兰州中川机场的5次雷暴天气进行模拟, 利用模拟结果并结合地面观测资料, 计算、分析了雷暴发生、发展过程中一些对流活动指数的变化, 结果表明, 对流有效位势能量(CAPE)和对流抑制能量(CIN)对中川机场雷暴预测有较好的指示意义, 当CAPE＞20 J·kg -1 时就可能出现雷暴, ＞100 J·kg -1 时雷暴较强;经过地面资料修正的CAPE能够更准确地预测雷暴发生时间, 描述雷暴发展过程中的能量积累和释放过程;同时指出, 使用数值模式预测雷暴时, 积分时间不易过长. 相似文献
54.
2004年7月冷空气活动及其对西南地区强降水的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用中国逐日站点降水资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析了2004年盛夏(7月)中国西南地区的强降水过程及冷空气活动在降水过程中的作用。结果显示:西南地区强降水与冷空气的活动关系密切,强降水的发生是中高纬环流变化和低纬系统共同作用的结果。首先,中纬度的低槽冷涡与登陆北上台风和东移西南涡合并,以及东亚地区横槽向竖槽的迅速转变,造成了7月上旬和中旬中高纬环流的3次大调整,东亚地区长波迅速增幅,从而导致了盛夏罕见的大范围冷空气向低纬地区的侵袭。与此同时,暖湿的西南夏季风十分活跃,二者在中国南方地区产生强烈相互作用,结果在冷空气南侧形成大范围的对流性降水。其中,冷空气活动对降水的影响主要表现在3个方面:其一,中高层冷空气的迅速南下常伴有偏南高空急流,位于急流中心左前方的次级环流上升支为降水的形成提供了有利的动力抬升条件。其二,冷空气向南推进极大地增强了大气的斜压性,有利于斜压扰动的发展。冷空气迅速南下造成对流有效位能释放,从而形成大范围的对流活动。另外,中高层干冷空气的平流也是暴雨区位势不稳定得以重建并产生持续性强降水的重要原因。 相似文献
55.
《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(1):239-247
As it is not always possible to analyse nutrient samples on board ship during research cruises, it is necessary to preserve them for analysis ashore, and freezing is by far the simplest and seemingly the most accurate means of preservation. To verify this statement, a series of experiments on samples analysed both at sea and later ashore (after freezing) was conducted. Freezing is apparently a viable method for preserving samples destined for analysis of nitrate and low silicate (<30–40 mmol·m?3), but phosphate samples are seemingly not well preserved when frozen. In the latter case, the deficits between analysis of fresh samples aboard ship and frozen duplicates ashore vary randomly. To determine normal trends in nutrient distribution it seems feasible to store samples in the frozen state, but for highly accurate work, as would be necessary for WOCE studies, it is advisable to analyse samples at sea immediately after collection. 相似文献
56.
Coastal marine boundary layer jets(CMBLJs)play an important role in coastal and inland rainfall in South China.Using 21 years of ERA5 and CMORPH rainfall data,two main CMBLJs are found,one on each side of Hainan Island(named BLJ-WEST and BLJ-EAST),which are always strengthened jointly.Both CMBLJs often occur in the pre-summer rainy season and exhibit an evident diurnal cycle with a maximum at night.With the emergence of the CMBLJs,rainfall is significantly enhanced in South China,particularly downstream of each CMBLJ.The response of rainfall to the CMBLJs is mainly attributed to convergence at the terminus of each CMBLJ,terrain-induced lifting,and relevant atmospheric stratification.Coastal rainfall downstream of the BLJ-WEST is much weaker than that downstream of the BLJ-EAST because of higher CIN over the Beibu Gulf,which is caused by lower temperature lapse rates and adiabatic heating in the lee of the Annamite Range.The inland rainfall increases along with CMBLJ intensity,whereas coastal rainfall reaches a maximum in the presence of moderate CMBLJs rather than stronger CMBLJs.Stronger CMBLJs induce stronger dynamic lifting but higher CIN near the coastal area.Additionally,CAPE near the coast does not become highest with strongest CMBLJs,because the CAPE generation contributed by coastal dynamic lifting can be offset by the negative contribution caused by the horizontal advection of cold and dry air from the Indochina Peninsula.Therefore,anomalous dynamic lifting,moisture flux convergence,and CAPE/CIN associated with CMBLJ intensity jointly result in anomalous rainfall. 相似文献
57.
Although the parcel method and the convective available potential energy (CAPE) are widely used to predict the strength and height of convection, they ignore the pressure perturbation and fail to explain strong updrafts observed in tropical cyclones and hurricanes without CAPE, or deep, strong warm downdrafts in hurricane eye-walls, tropopause folds, or downslope winds leeward of mountains. Those phenomena can be explained by the Bernoulli equation that conserves the sum of kinetic energy, potential energy and enthalpy in an inviscid fluid. Our analytic and numerical results also show how, in a moist stable environment without CAPE, updrafts and clouds can develop against negative buoyancy. Deep warm downdrafts can also form in cloud-free regions or areas without significant evaporative cooling from precipitation. 相似文献
58.
从不稳定能量角度对条件不稳定相关问题的讨论 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大多数深厚的局地对流是在条件不稳定的层结中发生的,这就有必要考虑较厚气层对由底部上升气块所可能产生的总影响。从能量角度讨论了条件不稳定问题中的不稳定能量和对流有效位能,并利用观测资料、结合实例分析了单站地面湿静力能与条件不稳定中不稳定能量的关系。主要结论如下:（1）从能量观点,对对流有效位能的两种定义进行了讨论,认为对流有效位能定义为正、负不稳定能量之差时,其与动能相联系的表达式中包含了低层抬升速度,可以更全面地用于强对流天气预报,尤其是中国南方暖季的强对流预报。（2）气块从底层上升时,无论经历的是干绝热还是湿绝热过程,湿静力能守恒,所以总能量的变化就是动能的变化,等于外界合力对气块做功的大小,不存在湿静力能向动能的转换。（3）从本质上来说,单站低层湿静力能的时序变化用于对流预报的意义在于预示着正、负不稳定能量的改变,从而影响不稳定能量的值。这可以弥补由于高空探测时间分辨率较粗,不能计算逐时正、负不稳定能量的不足。 相似文献
59.
60.
Observation of Sea Breeze Front and its Induced Convection over Chennai in Southern Peninsular India Using Doppler Weather Radar 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
R. Suresh 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2007,164(8-9):1511-1525
Sea breeze, the onshore wind over a coastal belt during daytime, is a welcoming weather phenomenon as it modulates the weather
condition by moderating the scorching temperature and acts as a favourable mechanism to trigger convection and induce precipitation
over coastal and interior locations. Sea breeze aids dispersal of pollutants as well. Observational studies about its onset,
depth of circulation and induced precipitation have been carried out in this paper for the period April to September, 2004–2005
using a S-band Doppler Weather Radar functioning at Cyclone Detection Radar Station, India Meteorological Department, Chennai,
India. The onset of sea breeze has been observed to be between 0900 and 1000 UTC with the earliest onset at 0508 UTC and late
onset at 1138 UTC. The frequency is greater during the southwest monsoon season, viz., June – September and the frequency
of initial onset is greater in north Chennai. The modal length of sea breeze is between 20 and 50 km with extreme length as
high as 100 km also having been observed. Though the inland penetration is on average 10 to 20 km, penetration reaching 100
km was also observed on a number of cases. The induced convection could be seen in the range 50–100 km in more than 53% of
the cases. The mean depth of sea breeze circulation is 300–600 m but may go well beyond 1000 m on conducive atmospheric conditions. 相似文献