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1.
垂直能量螺旋度在双流机场雷暴预报中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文章引入垂直能量螺旋度指数的概念,并利用NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,将其应用于双流机场2011年5月8—9日出现的雷暴天气过程,并对2009—2012年双流机场出现的32次雷暴天气过程进行统计,验证垂直能量螺旋度指数的有效性及普适性。结果表明,该指数综合反映了对流天气发生时的热力效应和动力效应,有明确的物理意义,是诊断和预报强对流天气的有效指数;垂直能量螺旋度对预报双流机场未来3h以内的雷暴天气有一定的指示意义,雷暴天气一般出现在垂直能量螺旋度大于0.62×10-5J·m·kg-1·s-2的条件下。 相似文献
2.
利用2003-2012年的地面填图和探空资料,统计常用对流参数满足指定阈值条件时广西6个探空站出现雷暴天气的概率（简称＂雷暴概率＂）。统计结果表明：整层比湿积分（IQ）、K指数（KI）和抬升指数（LI）与雷暴概率有显著的线性关系,当IQ、KI增大,或LI减小时,雷暴概率增大。对流有效位能（CAPE）在0-200J·kg-1之间增长时雷暴概率迅速增大,但超过200J·kg-1后雷暴概率增大不明显。根据统计结果,选取IQ、KI和LI作为预报因子,CAPE作为消空因子,定义了一个适用于广西雷暴天气的经验预报指标。用2013年资料做试报检验,结果表明该指标对6小时内的雷暴天气有较好的预报能力。 相似文献
3.
利用常规高空和地面观测资料、西安探空资料、陕西省闪电定位监测等资料,对2010年8月陕西关中东部的两次强对流天气过程影响系统及其热力不稳定条件进行对比分析。结果表明：两次强对流天气具有相似的环流背景,都是副热带高压西伸北抬,河套西部有西风槽东移,为副高边缘的对流天气。不同的是影响系统不同,8月12日过程西风槽的垂直结构为前倾槽结构,且地面存在明显的中尺度辐合线,使8月12日过程的对流天气强于8月18日过程。两次强对流天气过程都具备较好的热力不稳定条件,主要表现为：强的垂直温度梯度和上干冷下暖湿的垂直热力结构特征,8月12日过程高空冷空气更强T-logp图上的“喇叭口”型探空曲线、不稳定能量区、风的垂直切变等对流性特征反映明显;两次过程各对流参数在强对流发生前后演变趋势基本一致,对流有效位能（CAPE）剧增、对流抑制能量（CIN）剧减明显。K大于39℃、△θ_se（500-850）小于-20℃,对流有效位能值大于1600J／kg,对对流天气的预测、强度判别具有较好的指示意义。 相似文献
4.
利用多种观测资料,结合NCEP再分析资料,对比分析了浙东冬季和夏季两次强雷暴过程中的各种环境条件,结果表明:以对流有效位能CAPE表达的深厚湿对流潜势条件夏季个例的比冬季的好,二者分别为1148 J·kg~(-1)和490 J·kg~(-1)。冬季个例的动力抬升条件更好:低层到地面受冷锋影响;700、850 h Pa因急流风向风速的不连续而产生较强的辐合;500 h Pa处于长波槽前的上升气流中,最大的垂直速度达1.1 Pa·s~(-1)。两次过程的共同特点是强回波分布与地面θ_(se)高值区和切变线叠加区对应关系比较好,为雷暴系统的临近预报提供了重要线索。地面有冷锋影响时,要考虑冷锋入海后风力加大,地面辐合加强,使对流发展。由海陆不同比热属性造成的海陆之间白天和夜间的不同温差,对白天和夜晚系统入海后的强度变化有不一样的影响。10个浙东冬季雷暴个例天气形势分析结果表明,冬季雷暴的共同特点是都有冷暖空气在浙东强烈交汇,华南到华东中低层有很强的西南急流,850 h Pa最大风速达到20 m·s~(-1)以上。两季雷暴各种对流参数对比分析结果显示,冬季雷暴比较好的预报指标是总指数和垂直风切变,重点关注西南急流的强度、冷锋和850-500 h Pa的对流稳定性及动力抬升条件。 相似文献
5.
使用水平分辨率20km的RSM-RANAL再分析资料和WRF模式,对2004年7月12日影响上海地区的一次飑线过程进行分析和数值模拟,结果表明:(1)雷暴发生区域的西北侧约300km处有一冷锋,地面风场辐合;中低层为一致西南急流,雷暴发生区域上空300hPa位于西风急流右后侧辐散区中;地面存在明显的温度梯度。(2)雷暴发生前浙皖交界山区处的CAPE增至1000J/kg,CIN减至30J/kg以下;杭州湾附近的CAPE值大于2000J/kg。这些地方之后均有强对流单体生成,并成为飑线的一部分。(3)WRF模式对这次飑线过程的主要特征模拟较好,包括地面风场和飑线的结构。(4)敏感性试验指出陆面过程对本次飑线过程的形成发展起了重要作用。一方面通过潜热通量输送增大边界层湿度;另一方面通过感热通量输送改变了边界层的层结结构,使得低层辐合(或抬升)比较容易释放不稳定。在强对流天气的预报中地表条件不可忽略。 相似文献
6.
CAPE等环境参数在华北罕见秋季大暴雨中的应用 总被引：13，自引：7，他引：13
采用中尺度数值模式MM5(V3)对2003年10月10～12日发生在华北地区的一次大暴雨过程进行模拟,利用模拟结果计算分析了对流有效位能(CAPE)、风暴相对螺旋度(SRH)、能量螺旋度指数(EHI),结果表明,以上3个参数对这次大暴雨的发生发展有较好的指示作用:在大暴雨发生前能量得到充分积累,大气处于强不稳定状态,强对流天气爆发后,不稳定能量逐渐释放减弱;大暴雨中心位于低层局地螺旋度大值中心南部等值线密集区。低层局地螺旋度大值中心轴线与切变线和地面倒槽辐合线走向一致,高层局地螺旋度与高空急流相对应;大暴雨过程主要发生在高风暴相对螺旋度结合低对流有效位能的环境中(SRH>200m2·s-2,CAPE<1500J·kg-1)。 相似文献
7.
使用MICAPS天气资料和探空资料,对哈尔滨市2016-2020年5-9月产生的雷暴大风天气以500 hPa天气系统为主进行分型,并统计低层影响系统和地面天气系统出现的比率。然后利用NCEP资料计算各个雷暴大风天气发生前的环境参量,并采用百分位数法统计各型发生时的物理量,以25%分位数为阈值给出临界值。结果表明:(1)哈尔滨市雷暴大风天气分为冷涡型、槽前型和西北气流型。(2)850 hPa与500 hPa温度差≥24℃,CAPE值≥310 J/kg,0-6 km垂直风切变≥10 m/s,地面露点温度≥12℃对于哈尔滨市雷暴大风天气有良好的指示意义。(3)槽前型雷暴大风天气的850 hPa与500 hPa温度差最小,西北气流型个例中高CAPE值并不多;水汽条件并不是制约冷涡型雷暴大风天气发生的重要因素。 相似文献
8.
对流有效位能预报能力的统计分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用每天4次的NCEP再分析资料和天津地区地面实测温度和露点资料,计算2001—2010年5—9月经过虚温订正的对流有效位能(CAPE),考察天津一般雷雨及雷雨大风发生前0~6h内的CAPE变化及其与雷雨和雷雨大风发生的关系。对4000多个样本的统计表明:一般雷雨发生前CAPE的平均值达1455.2J·kg-1,比无雷雨的平均值大一倍以上;雷雨大风前CAPE平均值高达2 500 J·kg-1。显著性检验表明,CAPE均值对于区分无雷雨、一般雷雨、雷雨大风的信度达99%。和沙氏指数的比较表明:对流有效位能在判别有无雷雨的能力上与沙氏指数相当,区分普通雷雨和雷雨大风天气的能力上超过沙氏指数。 相似文献
9.
不稳定能量参数在一次强对流天气数值模拟中的应用 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用常规观测资料和1°×1°NCEP／NCAP再分析资料,运用MM5V3．7高分辨率中尺度数值模式,对2004年7月12日17时30分前后发生在江苏南通的一次强中尺度对流系统（龙卷）进行模拟分析。结果表明：南通上空处在上干冷、下暖湿的大气不稳定层结中。干冷空气侵入与边界层暖湿气流强烈辐合,大量能量释放造成了本次龙卷的发生。运用数值模拟结果,计算了最佳对流有效位能IBCAPE、对流抑制能量ICIN、归一化对流有效位能INCAPE、能量—螺旋度指数,刚和强对流天气威胁指数／SWEAT等不稳定能量参数。通过分析上述参数的空间分布和在南通上空的时间分布,发现它们对强对流天气的发生有一定反映。 相似文献
10.
本文以海南洋浦港为例,利用2015—2019年大风资料,通过合成分析等方法深入探讨了不同类型大风过程的环流特征、发生机制及其预报指标。结果表明:(1)洋浦港大风过程按照影响系统可分为冷空气型、切变线型、热带气旋型和热低压型4种。(2)冷空气型大风主要是由强冷平流引发的;当925hPa关键区24h降温超过6℃且北风分量大于11.5m/s时,洋浦港6h后易发生冷空气型大风;切变线型大风主要产生于强对流引发的雷暴大风、飑线等;当925hPa低空切变线、500hPa南支槽等天气尺度系统出现有利配置,对流有效位能CAPE≥1500J·kg~(-1),且具有较合适的对流抑制能量CIN值时,易发生切变线型大风;热低压型大风与海陆热力差异引起的海风锋密切相关;当海南岛西北部陆地与近海海面的6h变温之差≥3.5℃,CAPE≥1500J·kg~(-1),CIN≤20J·kg~(-1)时,海风锋极易触发雷暴大风等强对流天气;热带气旋型大风主要发生在TC中心附近的等压线密集带以及外围螺旋雨带的中小尺度对流系统中。业务预报时可在数值预报基础上结合统计规律以及卫星、雷达等实况资料综合判定风力等级。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
13.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献