Assessment of hazards and economic losses induced by land subsidence in Tianjin Binhai new area from 2011 to 2020 based on scenario analysis     

Beibei Hu  Jun Zhou  Shiyuan Xu  Zhenlou Chen  Jun Wang  Dongqi Wang  Lei Wang  Jifa Guo  Weiqing Meng 《Natural Hazards》2013,66(2):873-886

Land subsidence, a major geological hazard in Tianjin, has caused serious losses. In this research, we established a numerical model to predict potential land subsidence caused by groundwater overdraft in the next decades. The model set three groundwater extraction scenarios, corresponding to (1) current rate, (2) 2 % decrease, and (3) South-to-North Water Transfer Project. Economic losses induced by land subsidence were calculated based on the three land subsidence scenarios. The results showed that with a better management plan (e.g., 2 % decrease in groundwater extraction) or with the success of the water transfer project, the economic loss could be reduced by 36 % or even 74 %. The results of this research provide a scientific basis for the sustainable development planning as well as disaster prevention policy-making of Tianjin Binhai New Area.  相似文献   

Spatial quality： analysis of China＇s eco-environmental 1990-2010     

孙东琪  张京祥  胡毅  蒋金亮  周亮 《地理学报(英文版)》2013,23(4):695-709

Over the past two decades in China, stress on the environment has increased continuously. This paper will assess the change in environmental quality over time, and its spatial variation using data from the statistical yearbooks of 31 provincial administrative regions in 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2010. These books provide a general assessment of the environment at the provincial level, and the three major economic regions from western to eastern China. By using the geographic information system （GIS） and SPSS, we analyzed the changing trend of China＇s eco-environment and calculated the changing trajectory in the gravity center of the eco-environmental quality. We conclude the following. （1） From 1990 to 2010, the rate of deterioration of the environment went down. We argue that the cause of this trend was neither the result as ＂the deterioration trend was under control＂ noticed by the government departments concerned, nor ＂the deterioration rate of the environment was increasingly intensified＂ suggested by many researchers. （2） Since 1990, the general environment has been worsening in China, but it was improved in some regions; however, the ecological deficit is still expanding and will last for a long time. （3） From western to eastern China, the deterioration rate of environmental quality was slowed down. The reasons include a good natural environment, a developed regional economy, and technology and finance in eastern China. （4） After extensive economic development in China, there are imbalances of population, economy, society, and the environment in the 31 provincial regions. The governments at all levels should play an important role in research and protecting the environment. In addition, it is imperative to implement positive measures such as controlling population, improving the environment, and promoting smart development to balance the socio-ecological system.  相似文献   

气候变化和物候变动对东北黑土区农业生产的协同作用及未来粮食生产风险     

高江波  刘路路  郭灵辉  孙东琪  刘婉露  侯文娟  吴绍洪 《地理学报》2022,77(7):1681-1700

东北黑土区是中国重要的粮食生产基地,也是中国气候变化最敏感的地区之一。然而,气候变化背景下东北黑土区气候及物候变化对农业生产力的综合影响并不清晰,未来农业生产风险评估的定量化程度不够,风险等级制定缺乏依据。本文借助遥感产品、气候资料和模拟数据等资料,综合运用多元线性回归、相关分析及干旱危险性指数等方法,探究东北黑土区作物物候动态及其气候响应特征,辨识气候与物候变化对农业生产的复合效应及未来可能风险。结果表明：① 2000—2017年东北黑土区29.76%的区域作物生长季开始期呈显著延后趋势,16.71%的区域作物生长季结束期呈提前态势,生长季开始期受气温的影响范围广,且滞后时间长;生长季结束期与前期气候变化关系更加密切,且带状差异性响应格局尤其明显。② 气候变化和物候期改变对作物生产的解释能力较生长季同期气候变化的解释能力增加了70.23%,解释面积扩大了85.04%。③ RCP8.5情景下东北黑土区粮食总产量呈现上升趋势,粮食生产风险表现出“南增北减”的演变特征,风险区面积不断扩大,全球温升2.0 ℃时,松嫩黑土亚区南部粮食减产量可能达到10%。研究有助于深入认识气候—物候—作物生产的关联机理及未来粮食生产风险,对制定气候变化应对策略,保障国家粮食安全具有重要意义。  相似文献   

从网络描述走向网络绩效——“城市网络外部性”专辑序言     

孙东琪  陆大道  孙斌栋  张维阳 《地理研究》2022,41(9):2325-2329

近年来,网络分析被广泛应用至理解城市与区域组织模式及其空间效应中。单个城市在城际协同关系中借助“网络化”的规模经济而受益,一些城市或地区也因更便捷地连接其他城市从而导致资源或要素的流失。传统强调集聚经济的城市内生增长理论不再适宜用来单独解释“流动空间”塑造下的城市与区域组织,而城市网络的外部性成为影响城市增长、区域一体化的另一重要动因。目前,已有的研究（特别在国内）相对匮乏,多集中在网络的空间格局、过程等方面,针对网络联系的效应（外部性）较为忽视,比如城市网络外部性与集聚经济如何相互作用,哪些类型的城市将从城市网络外部性中获益或受损,城市网络外部性的产生条件如何等问题亟需探讨。为呼吁学术同行将更多对网络研究的关注移向探究城市网络对城市与区域发展有何作用、如何作用、怎样优化的科学探索,本专辑精心遴选了15篇相关论文,针对“城市网络外部性”开展系统的理论探讨与实证研究,勾勒城市网络外部性的研究议程与中国经验,并以此为起点推动城市网络研究从格局描述走向网络绩效的研究深化。  相似文献   

胶州湾滨海湿地的水禽多样性特征及保护   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

张绪良  谷东起  付炳中  王希明 《海洋湖沼通报》2008,(3)

在利用相对数量法进行水禽种群调查基础上,研究胶州湾滨海湿地水禽区系的构成及多样性特征.研究区共有水禽9目20科140种,区系的地理成分以古北界鸟类占绝对优势,季节型成分以冬候鸟和旅鸟为主,生活型成分以涉禽为主;在不同季节研究区水禽的优势种群不同,夏季鸥科和鹭科为优势种群,春、秋季鴴科、鹬科、鹭科为优势种群,冬季雁鸭类、鸥科为优势种群.与青岛市陆禽、鸣禽、猛禽、攀禽等鸟类相比,胶州湾滨海湿地水禽的多样性指数、均匀度指数最高,说明胶州湾滨海湿地对青岛市鸟类多样性保护非常重要,生境破坏是当前水禽多样性保护面临的主要问题,提出了水禽生境保护的对策.  相似文献   

2008年度极地大气科学考察     

陆龙骅  卞林根  张东启  逯昌贵 《中国气象科学研究院年报》2008,(1):28-31

2008年是第4次国际极地年实施的第2年,中国气象科学研究院选派的张东启、逯昌贵、汤洁、丁明虎等10人参加了中国第24、25次南极考察队,分别在南极长城站、中山站和南极冰盖DOME—A地区考察;逯昌贵、汤洁、窦挺峰参加了中国第3次北极北冰洋考察;马永锋参加了中国黄河站北极考察。  相似文献   

崇明东滩海三棱藨草生长期沉积物有机碳含量变化     

陈华  王东启  陈振楼  WANG Jun  XU Shiyuan 《地理学报(英文版)》2005,15(4):500-508

The investigations on the organic carbon （OC） of core sediments were carried out in Chongming east tidal fiat （CM） during Scirpus mariqueter growing stage （from April to December 2004） in Yangtze Estuary. The Yangtze River annually transports a runoff discharge of 30,000 m^3/s, carrying about 480 million tons of sediments to the estuarine and coastal area, which formed a great OC pool. In the sampling spots, seven quadrats of 50 cm × 50 cm and five sediments cores of 20 cm deep （40 cm deep in December） were randomly established in order to collect vegetations and core sediments samples during the low tide each month except November. After pretreatment, the core sediments were sieved and their OC contents were measured according to the potassium dichromate method. The results show that the higher surface sediment OC content in summer comes from allochthonous terrigenous particle settlements on the Chongming east middle tidal fiat S. mariqueter zone. In autumn and winter, the decomposing of the defoliated S. mariqueter increases the surface sediments OC content. Settling velocity, sediment temperature and S. mariqueter growth are the main factors that can control the sediment carbon content. Summer is the “carbon losing” period of the tidal fiat sediments, while from September, it changes into the “carbon accumulating” period of sediment OC pool because of the decomposing of dead S. mariqueter community in the sediments. From this alternation of “carbon losing” period and “carbon accumulating” period, we conclude that carbon in the OC pool of the middle tidal fiat S. mariqueter zone sediments mainly comes from the atmospheric carbon rooted by S. mariqueter photosynthesis.  相似文献   

Analysis on the 10-yr Simulation of the Meiyu Precipitation and Its Associated Circulation with the GAMIL Model          下载免费PDF全文

ZHUO Dongqi  ZHANG Yaocun  WANG Bin  LI Lijuan  HUANG Ying 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2010,24(3):328-339

The major features of Meiyu precipitation and associated circulation systems simulated by the grid-point atmospheric model of IAP LASG (GAMIL) with Zhang-McFarlane and Tiedtke cumulus parameterization schemes are examined in this paper. The results show that the model with both schemes can reproduce the heavy precipitation center over the Yangtze-Huai River Basin (YHRB) during the Meiyu period. The horizontal and vertical structures of the circulation systems during the Meiyu period are also well simulated,such as the intensive meridional gradients of moisture and μse (pseudo-equivalent temperature), the strong low-level southwesterly flow in the lower troposphere over East China, the location of the westerly jet stream in the upper troposphere, the strong ascending motion in heavy precipitation zone, and compensation downward motion on the northern and southern sides of the heavy precipitation belt. However, obvious discrepancies occur in the simulated temperature field in the mid-lower troposphere,especially with the Zhang-McFarlane scheme. In addition, the simulated Meiyu period (onset and duration) is found to be associated with the temperature difference in the lower atmosphere over the land and ocean, and with the cumulus parameterization schemes. The land-sea thermal contrast (LSTC) simulated by the Zhang-McFarlane scheme increases faster than that in the reanalysis from April to July, and changes from negative to positive at the end of May. Consequently, the simulated Meiyu onset begins in May, one month earlier than the observation. On the other hand, since the LSTC simulated by the Tiedtke scheme is in agreement with the reanalysis during June and July, the simulated Meiyu period is similar to the observation. The different LSTCs simulated by the GAMIL model with the two cumulus parameterization schemes may affect the Meiyu period simulations. Therefore, it is necessary to refine the cumulus parameterization scheme in order to improve the Meiyu precipitation simulation by the GAMIL model.  相似文献   

The application of Yangtze Estuary Tidal Wetlands Geographic Information System     

WANG Jun  CHEN Zhenlou  XU Shiyuan  WANG Dongqi  LIU Jie 《地理学报》2005,15(2):155-166

Yangtze Estuary Tidal Wetlands Geographic Information System (YETWGIS) is a comprehensive software system for environmental management and decision of Yangtze estuary tidal wetlands. Based on MapObjects components technology, Data Mining technology, mathematical modeling method and Visual Basic language, this software system has many functions such as displaying, editing, querying and searching, spatial statistics and analysis, thematic map compiling, and environmental quality evaluation. This paper firstly outlined the system structure, key techniques, and achieving methods of YETWGIS, and then, described the core modules (the thematic map compiling module and environmental quality evaluation model module) in detail. In addition, based on information entropy model, it thoroughly discussed the methods of environmental quality evaluation and indicators' weight calculation. Finally, by using YETWGIS, this paper analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics of Heavy Metal and Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) of the Yangtze estuary tidal wetlands in 2002, and evaluated the environmental quality of the Yangtze estuary tidal wetlands in 2003.  相似文献   

A review of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Geographical Dynamics and Firm Spatial Strategy in China</Emphasis> by Shengjun Zhu,John Pickles and Canfei He     

Dongqi Sun 《地理学报(英文版)》2017,27(10):1279-1280

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