德州70 cm高度气温与地面温度的关系初探   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

李凤云 《气象与环境学报》2010,26(4):40-43

利用统计学和气象学原理,对德州2008年1月1日—12月31日德州70 cm高度的气温(用T₇₀表示)与地面温度（用T₀表示）中08、14时和20时及日平均资料进行分析。结果表明：冬半年08时T₇₀＞T₀（或T₇₀≈T₀）;夏半年T₇₀＜T₀,6月差值最大,为-2.6℃。14时全年都是T₇₀＜T₀,3月差值最大,为-12.1℃。20时全年基本都是T₇₀＞T₀。就日平均而言,全年都是T₇₀＜T₀。运用回归分析法建立了以T₀为基础的T₇₀预测模型,经检验表明,3—9月预测准确率较高,可以满足当地农事需要。  相似文献   

DisPATCh as a tool to evaluate coarse-scale remotely sensed soil moisture using localized in situ measurements: Application to SMOS and AMSR-E data in Southeastern Australia     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2016

Validating coarse-scale satellite soil moisture data still represents a big challenge, notably due to the large mismatch existing between the spatial resolution (> 10 km) of microwave radiometers and the representativeness scale (several m) of localized in situ measurements. This study aims to examine the potential of DisPATCh (Disaggregation based on Physical and Theoretical scale Change) for validating SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) and AMSR-E (Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth observation system) level-3 soil moisture products. The ∽40–50 km resolution SMOS and AMSR-E data are disaggregated at 1 km resolution over the Murrumbidgee catchment in Southeastern Australia during a one year period in 2010–2011, and the satellite products are compared with the in situ measurements of 38 stations distributed within the study area. It is found that disaggregation improves the mean difference, correlation coefficient and slope of the linear regression between satellite and in situ data in 77%, 92% and 94% of cases, respectively. Nevertheless, the downscaling efficiency is lower in winter than during the hotter months when DisPATCh performance is optimal. Consistently, better results are obtained in the semi-arid than in a temperate zone of the catchment. In the semi-arid Yanco region, disaggregation in summer increases the correlation coefficient from 0.63 to 0.78 and from 0.42 to 0.71 for SMOS and AMSR-E in morning overpasses and from 0.37 to 0.63 and from 0.47 to 0.73 for SMOS and AMSR-E in afternoon overpasses, respectively. DisPATCh has strong potential in low vegetated semi-arid areas where it can be used as a tool to evaluate coarse-scale remotely sensed soil moisture by explicitly representing the sub-pixel variability.  相似文献   

Run-up on a body in waves and current. Fully nonlinear and finite-order calculations     

B. Büchmann  P. Ferrant  J. Skourup   《Applied Ocean Research》2000,22(6)

Run-up on a large fixed body in waves and current have been calculated using both a fully nonlinear time-domain boundary element model and a finite-order time-domain boundary element model, the latter being correct to second order in the wave steepness and to first-order in the current strength. The results from the two models agree well in the low Froude number and low wave steepness regime. This serves as a cross-validation of the two boundary element models. Furthermore, the two sets of data provide an excellent method for examining the domain of validity for the second-order method. Such limits are, for the case studied, given in terms of maximum Froude number and maximum wave steepness.  相似文献   

Validation and comparison of Advanced Differential Interferometry Techniques: Murcia metropolitan area case study   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

G. Herrera  R. Toms  J.M. Lopez-Sanchez  J. Delgado  F. Vicente  J. Mulas  G. Cooksley  M. Sanchez  J. Duro  A. Arnaud  P. Blanco  S. Duque  J.J. Mallorqui  R. De la Vega-Panizo  O. Monserrat 《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2009,64(5):501-512

This paper is focused on the analysis of the performance of Stable Point Network (SPN) and Coherent Pixel Technique (CPT), which are Advanced Differential Interferometry Techniques (A-DInSAR) that estimate, among other results, mean deformation velocity maps of the ground surface and displacement time series from a SAR dataset. The test site is the metropolitan area of the city of Murcia (Spain) where a moderate slow subsidence induced by the overexploitation of aquifers is present. SAR data acquired between July 1995 and August 2005 from ERS and ENVISAT sensors have been processed by the SPN and CPT techniques and compared with in situ instrumental measurements assumed as reference. Experimental results have shown that both SPN and CPT techniques provide estimates of the deformation evolution in time with an absolute difference below 6 mm consistently in all comparisons: SPN vs extensometer, CPT vs extensometer and SPN vs CPT. The proposed validation and comparison experiment between both A-DInSAR techniques has been useful to observe their differences and complementarities.  相似文献   

基于坐标转换法的GPS-RTK高程测量及成果检核     

闫志港  张兴福 《北京测绘》2006,(2):22-24

GPS-RTK高程测量的主要方法是坐标转换和高程拟合。本文主要结合某线路介绍了坐标转换方法以及如何对其测量成果进行检核。常规的高程检核方法是比较联测水准点高程和GPS-RTK测量高程,而本文结合线路作业的特点提出了利用直线或平面拟合方法对线路基于坐标转换法获得的GPS-RTK高程测量成果进行检核,结果表明本文的方法是可行的。  相似文献   

Agent-based models: Individuals interacting in space     

《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2015

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中美半干旱区长期地表通量序列的构建及检验     

李杉  符淙斌 《气象科学》2015,35(1):1-8

基于中美半干旱区8个野外试验站点2003—2008年的观测数据,选择最小二乘法线性拟合、多项式拟合、以及双重回归拟合等方法,对NCEP再分析数据集的地表通量数据进行了系统的检验和订正。结果表明,对于日平均值,拟合订正效果相对较差,仅部分站点的土壤含水量以及地表感热和潜热通量可以使用曲线拟合的方法得以改进。对月平均值,3种方案都有不同程度的订正改进效果,订正的序列还原了数据的季节变化趋势。在此基础上,综合线性回归和曲线拟合两种方法的优势,最大程度地还原资料的线性趋势,并减小因截断误差造成的信息损失,构建了中美半干旱区长期的地表通量数据序列。所构建的半干旱区长期地表通量序列也为深入认识中美半干旱区陆气相互作用的基本特征以及模式结果验证,提供了宝贵的基础数据。  相似文献   

An inter-comparison of soil moisture data products from satellite remote sensing and a land surface model     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2016

Significant advances have been achieved in generating soil moisture (SM) products from satellite remote sensing and/or land surface modeling with reasonably good accuracy in recent years. However, the discrepancies among the different SM data products can be considerably large, which hampers their usage in various applications. The bias of one SM product from another is well recognized in the literature. Bias estimation and spatial correction methods have been documented for assimilating satellite SM product into land surface and hydrologic models. Nevertheless, understanding the characteristics of each of these SM data products is required for many applications where the most accurate data products are desirable. This study inter-compares five SM data products from three different sources with each other, and evaluates them against in situ SM measurements over 14-year period from 2000 to 2013. Specifically, three microwave (MW) satellite based data sets provided by ESA's Climate Change Initiative (CCI) (CCI-merged, -active and -passive products), one thermal infrared (TIR) satellite based product (ALEXI), and the Noah land surface model (LSM) simulations. The in-situ SM measurements are collected from the North American Soil Moisture Database (NASMD), which involves more than 600 ground sites from a variety of networks. They are used to evaluate the accuracies of these five SM data products. In general, each of the five SM products is capable of capturing the dry/wet patterns over the study period. However, the absolute SM values among the five products vary significantly. SM simulations from Noah LSM are more stable relative to the satellite-based products. All TIR and MW satellite based products are relatively noisier than the Noah LSM simulations. Even though MW satellite based SM retrievals have been predominantly used in the past years, SM retrievals of the ALEXI model based on TIR satellite observations demonstrate skills equivalent to all the MW satellite retrievals and even slightly better over certain regions. Compared to the individual active and passive MW products, the merged CCI product exhibits higher anomaly correlation with both Noah LSM simulations and in-situ SM measurements.  相似文献   

Timing of erosion and satellite data: A multi-resolution approach to soil erosion risk mapping     

Anton Vrieling  Steven M. de Jong  Geert Sterk  Silvio C. Rodrigues 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2008

Erosion reduces soil productivity and causes negative downstream impacts. Erosion processes occur on areas with erodible soils and sloping terrain when high-intensity rainfall coincides with limited vegetation cover. Timing of erosion events has implications on the selection of satellite imagery, used to describe spatial patterns of protective vegetation cover. This study proposes a method for erosion risk mapping with multi-temporal and multi-resolution satellite data. The specific objectives of the study are: (1) to determine when during the year erosion risk is highest using coarse-resolution data, and (2) to assess the optimal timing of available medium-resolution images to spatially represent vegetation cover during the high erosion risk period. Analyses were performed for a 100-km² pasture area in the Brazilian Cerrados. The first objective was studied by qualitatively comparing three-hourly TRMM rainfall estimates with MODIS NDVI time series for one full year (August 2002–August 2003). November and December were identified as the months with highest erosion risk. The second objective was examined with a time series of six available ASTER images acquired in the same year. Persistent cloud cover limited image acquisition during high erosion risk periods. For each ASTER image the NDVI was calculated and classified into five equally sized classes. Low NDVI was related to high erosion risk and vice versa. A DEM was used to set approximately flat zones to very low erosion risk. The six resulting risk maps were compared with erosion features, visually interpreted from a fine-resolution QuickBird image. Results from the October ASTER image gave highest accuracy (84%), showing that erosion risk mapping in the Brazilian Cerrados can best be performed with images acquired shortly before the first erosion events. The presented approach that uses coarse-resolution temporal data for determining erosion periods and medium-resolution data for effective erosion risk mapping is fast and straightforward. It shows good potential for successful application in other areas with high spatial and temporal variability of vegetation cover.  相似文献   

Validation of Daily Amplitude of Sea Surface Temperature Evaluated with a Parametric Model Using Satellite Data     

Yoshimi Kawai  Hiroshi Kawamura 《Journal of Oceanography》2003,59(5):637-644

The authors have verified a regression model for the evaluation of the daily amplitude of sea surface temperature (ΔSST) proposed by Kawai and Kawamura (2002). The authors investigated the accuracy of satellite data used for the evaluation and showed that ΔSST error caused by satellite data error is less than ±0.7 K. The evaluated ΔSSTs were compared with in situ values. Its root-mean-square error is about 0.3 K or less, except for a coastal region, and it has a bias of more than +0.1 K in the tropics. This bias can be removed by considering latent heat flux. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献