Further developments of a fuzzy set map comparison approach     

ALEX HAGEN-ZANKER  BAS STRAATMAN  INGE ULJEE 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(7):769-785

Fuzzy set map comparison offers a novel approach to map comparison.The approach is specifically aimed at categorical raster maps and applies fuzzy set techniques, accounting for fuzziness of location and fuzziness of category, to create a similarity map as well as an overall similarity statistic: the Fuzzy Kappa. To date, the calculation of the Fuzzy Kappa (or K-fuzzy) has not been formally derived, and the documented procedure was only valid for cases without fuzziness of category. Furthermore, it required an infinitely large, edgeless map. This paper presents the full derivation of the Fuzzy Kappa; the method is now valid for comparisons considering fuzziness of both location and category and does not require further assumptions. This theoretical completion opens opportunities for use of the technique that surpass the original intentions. In particular, the categorical similarity matrix can be applied to highlight or disregard differences pertaining to selected categories or groups of categories and to distinguish between differences due to omission and commission.  相似文献   

Evaluation of directional normalization methods for Landsat TM/ETM+ over primary Amazonian lowland forests     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2017

Biodiversity mapping in extensive tropical forest areas poses a major challenge for the interpretation of Landsat images, because floristically clearly distinct forest types may show little difference in reflectance. In such cases, the effects of the bidirectional reflection distribution function (BRDF) can be sufficiently strong to cause erroneous image interpretation and classification. Since the opening of the Landsat archive in 2008, several BRDF normalization methods for Landsat have been developed. The simplest of these consist of an empirical view angle normalization, whereas more complex approaches apply the semi-empirical Ross–Li BRDF model and the MODIS MCD43-series of products to normalize directional Landsat reflectance to standard view and solar angles. Here we quantify the effect of surface anisotropy on Landsat TM/ETM+ images over old-growth Amazonian forests, and evaluate five angular normalization approaches. Even for the narrow swath of the Landsat sensors, we observed directional effects in all spectral bands. Those normalization methods that are based on removing the surface reflectance gradient as observed in each image were adequate to normalize TM/ETM+ imagery to nadir viewing, but were less suitable for multitemporal analysis when the solar vector varied strongly among images. Approaches based on the MODIS BRDF model parameters successfully reduced directional effects in the visible bands, but removed only half of the systematic errors in the infrared bands. The best results were obtained when the semi-empirical BRDF model was calibrated using pairs of Landsat observation. This method produces a single set of BRDF parameters, which can then be used to operationally normalize Landsat TM/ETM+ imagery over Amazonian forests to nadir viewing and a standard solar configuration.  相似文献   

黑河流域生态—水文过程综合遥感观测联合试验总体设计   总被引：17，自引：4，他引：13  

李新  刘绍民  马明国  肖青  柳钦火  晋锐  车涛  王维真  祁元  李弘毅  朱高峰  郭建文  冉有华  闻建光  王树果 《地球科学进展》2012,27(5):481-498

介绍了"黑河流域生态—水文过程综合遥感观测联合试验"的背景、科学目标、试验组成和试验方案。试验的总体目标是显著提升对流域生态和水文过程的观测能力,建立国际领先的流域观测系统,提高遥感在流域生态—水文集成研究和水资源管理中的应用能力。由基础试验、专题试验、应用试验、产品与方法研究和信息系统组成。其中,①基础试验:搭载微波辐射计、成像光谱仪、热像仪、激光雷达等航空遥感设备,开展一系列关键生态和水文参量的观测;发展遥感正向模型及反演和估算方法。形成覆盖全流域的水文气象综合观测网,为流域生态—水文模型研究提供更有代表性的模型参数、驱动数据及更高精度的验证数据。构建无线传感器网络,度量生态水文模型所需的若干关键的驱动、参数和模型状态的空间异质性。开展航空遥感定标和地基遥感试验。依托传感器网络,并辅之以地面同步和加密观测,开展遥感产品真实性检验。②专题试验:开展"非均匀下垫面多尺度地表蒸散发观测试验",采用密集的涡动相关仪、大孔径闪烁仪与自动气象站的观测矩阵,为揭示地表蒸散发的空间异质性,实现非均匀下垫面地表蒸散发的尺度扩展,发展和验证蒸散发模型提供基础数据。③应用试验:在流域上、中、下游分别开展针对积雪和冻土水文、灌溉水平衡和作物生长、生态耗水的综合观测试验,将观测数据和遥感产品用于上游分布式水文模型、中游地表水—地下水—农作物生长耦合模型、下游生态耗水模型,通过实证研究提升遥感在流域生态—水文集成研究和水资源管理中的应用能力。加强试验将在2012年5月起按中游、上游、下游的顺序展开,全流域持续观测期为2013—2015年。在各类试验的支持下,开展全流域生态—水文关键参量遥感产品生产,发展尺度转换方法,建立多源遥感数据同化系统。  相似文献   

Impact of Surface forcing on simulating Sea Surface Temperature in the Indian Ocean – A study using Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS)     

《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2021

The sensitivity of different atmospheric forcing on the simulation of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in the Indian Ocean is examined using Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS). Model simulations using three different atmospheric forcings from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP; 2.5 deg), National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF; 0.25 deg) and TropFlux (0.5 deg) are analyzed here. Model sensitivity to the atmospheric forcing is studied by analyzing the response of SST and mixed layer depth (MLD) using statistical methods. Results show that the response of NCMRWF and TropFlux forcing was almost similar in capturing the variability of SST in comparison with the corresponding observations. But NCEP was unable to capture SST variability, especially over the central part of the Arabian Sea (AS). It is shown that deeper MLD simulations by NCEP forcing due to the high magnitude of wind resulted in an unrealistic simulation of SST.  相似文献   

黑河流域生态水文传感器网络设计   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  

晋锐  李新  阎保平  罗万明  李秀红  郭建文  马明国  亢健  张艳林 《地球科学进展》2012,27(9):993-1005

在黑河上游八宝河流域和中游盈科灌区,以无线传感器网络为纽带,高效集成流域尺度内密集分布的、多源异构传感器的各种气象、水文及生态观测项目,建立自动化、智能化、时空协同的、各观测节点远程可控的生态水文传感器综合观测网络;通过优化地面采样方案,精细观测和准确度量流域尺度内空间异质性较强的关键水文生态要素的时空动态过程、时空变异性和不确定性;研究针对星载/机载遥感真实性检验的地面传感器采样方案,精细验证遥感反演精度,深入挖掘各种遥感手段在流域综合观测中的作用和潜力;全面提高流域水文生态过程的综合观测能力和观测自动化水平。  相似文献   

Comparison of Grid Averaged Altimeter and Buoy Significant Wave Heights in the Northern Indian Ocean     

L. Sabique  T. M. Balakrishnan Nair  K. Srinivas  N. Shailesh Nayak 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(1):72-85

A quantitative comparison of the collocated inter-annual significant wave height (SWH) data collected between 2006 and 2009 from buoys and altimeters at nine buoy locations (total n = 2241) in the Northern Indian Ocean is attempted for assessing the validity of daily averaged gridded altimeter significant wave height (ASWH) provided by AVISO for operational use. ASWH is underestimated by 0.20 m, the root-mean-square error (RMSE) is less than 0.30 m, the Scatter Index is less than 20%, and the correlation coefficient is greater than 0.90. Further, at three locations, the examination of the above statistics showed that the bias and RMSE is high during the southwest monsoon season compared with the Northeast monsoon. Scatter Index showed only slight variation (14–18%) for different ranges of SWH. The response of the daily average gridded ASWH data during extreme conditions (cyclones) in the vicinity of the buoy locations is poor at all compared buoy locations. The gridded ASWH from different satellite missions provided by AVISO can be used for basin scale validation experiments of the wave model and for climatological studies in the Indian Ocean, except during cyclone conditions.  相似文献   

Review on Validation of Remotely Sensed Land Surface Temperature   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ma Jin  Zhou Ji  Liu Shaomin  Wang Yujia 《地球科学进展》2017,32(6):615-629

Land Surface Temperature (LST) is an important input parameter for many land surface models. Retrieving LST from remote sensing is the main approach for modelling the radiance balance and energy budget at both regional and global scales. Validation of remotely sensed LST is helpful to evaluate its accuracy and stability. Furthermore, it is meaningful for the retrieval and application of remotely sensed LST. Here, first, theories and methods of LST retrieval were reviewed. Second, four validation methods, including the Temperature-based (T-based), Radiance-based (R-based), cross comparison and Time-series analysis, were reviewed and compared. An in-depth examination was conducted for the T-based method from the aspects including the approaches for acquiring the ground truth value, the target LST products, the uncertainty sources. Finally, some important issues in LST validation were discussed.  相似文献   

基于多尺度遥感数据估算地表通量的方法及其验证分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘雅妮  辛晓洲  柳钦火  周春艳 《地球科学进展》2010,25(11):1261-1272

地表水热通量(显热通量、潜热通量)的遥感估算在全球气候变化、水资源、生态环境等研究领域具有重要的应用价值.MODIS数据的空间分辨率较低(热红外波段星下点为1 km),而地球表面的几何物理属性又具有高度非均匀性,因而在实际应用中面临较严重的尺度问题.探讨了多源卫星数据(中高分辨率Landsat TM与中低分辨率MODIS)相结合佑算像元通量的2种方法,分别利用高分辫率的地表分类及植被指数信息在混合像元内部进行亚像元处理,以提高非均匀地表混合像元的通量估算精度.研究数据来自于2008年黑河流域综合实验获取的遥感数据和辅助数据,验证数据来自于实验期间获取的不同下垫面的地表通量数据,包括涡度相关(EC)数据,以及大孔径闪烁仪(LAS)数据.计算结果表明,2种方法皆可在下垫面不均匀或者地表类型较复杂的情况下得到比较明显的纠正效果,纠正后的通量与观测更加接近.相比之下,利用植被指数分解温度的方法适用性更广,纠正效果更好.在地面验证中,对比分析了EC和LAS数据在TM尺度和MO-DIS尺度通量验证的适用性.LAS数据测量尺度与MODIS卫星像元尺度相匹配,可以直接验证MODIS通量计算结果,EC数据虽然可以直接验证TM计算的通量,但与MODIS数据对比,还需要进行尺度转换,即先用EC验证TM通量,然后将TM通量降尺度,与MODIS进行对比.最后对利用LAS验证通量的不确定性进行了分析,发现图像中LAS测点的几何定位误差以及LAS测量路径中像元的选取都对验证结果有一定影响.  相似文献   

Adequacy of satellite derived rainfall data for stream flow modeling   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Guleid Artan  Hussein Gadain  Jodie L. Smith  Kwabena Asante  Christina J. Bandaragoda  James P. Verdin 《Natural Hazards》2007,43(2):167-185

Floods are the most common and widespread climate-related hazard on Earth. Flood forecasting can reduce the death toll associated with floods. Satellites offer effective and economical means for calculating areal rainfall estimates in sparsely gauged regions. However, satellite-based rainfall estimates have had limited use in flood forecasting and hydrologic stream flow modeling because the rainfall estimates were considered to be unreliable. In this study we present the calibration and validation results from a spatially distributed hydrologic model driven by daily satellite-based estimates of rainfall for sub-basins of the Nile and Mekong Rivers. The results demonstrate the usefulness of remotely sensed precipitation data for hydrologic modeling when the hydrologic model is calibrated with such data. However, the remotely sensed rainfall estimates cannot be used confidently with hydrologic models that are calibrated with rain gauge measured rainfall, unless the model is recalibrated. G. Artan, J. L. Smith and K. Asante – work performed under USGS contract 03CRCN0001.  相似文献   

Himawari-8气溶胶光学厚度产品的验证分析     

赵垒  辛金元  杨磊库  司瑞瑞  刘光静 《大气科学》2020,44(3):455-471

Himawari-8是由日本气象局发射的新一代静止气象卫星，其搭载的传感器AHI（Advanced Himawari Imager）可实现10 min/次的高时间分辨率对地观测。本文将2015年9月至2017年12月Himawari-8卫星Level-2气溶胶光学厚度（AOD）产品与AERONET（AErosol RObotic NETwork）70个站点的地基观测数据进行对比验证分析，结果表明Himawari-8卫星反演的气溶胶光学厚度产品的精度存在很大的空间上的差异性，其中有48个站点Himawari-8 AOD与AERONET AOD之间存在较好的相关性（R>0.5），有22个站点Himawari-8卫星反演气溶胶光学厚度产品存在明显的低估现象。在American_Samoa、Bandung、Birdsville、Bukit_Kototabang、Canberra、Fowlers_Gap、Jabiru以及QOMS_CAS等站点出现地基观测值很小而卫星反演的气溶胶光学厚度较大的情况。对绝对误差（Himawari-8 AOD与AERONET AOD的差）进行分析发现Himawari-8 AOD存在低估现象时绝对误差与AERONET AOD之间存在较好的相关性；在地基观测值很小而Himawari-8卫星反演AOD较大的地区绝对误差与Himawari-8 AOD之间存在较好的线性关系，这为Himawari-8 AOD反演算法的改进与完善提供了有用的研究发现。  相似文献