岩石电子背散射衍射（EBSD）组构分析及应用   总被引：18，自引：1，他引：17  

刘俊来  曹淑云  邹运鑫  宋志杰 《地质通报》2008,27(10):1638-1645

电子背散射衍射（EBSD）技术是现代构造地质学与显微构造分析领域一项崭新的技术,它与现代高分辨率扫描电子显微镜和能谱分析设备结合,可以对块状样品中微米或纳米级尺度的颗粒进行晶体结构分析, 从而使微观结构、微区成分与结晶学数据结合起来,能够更精细地对比研究矿物和岩石显微构造,为岩石显微构造分析开辟了一个全新的领域。分析了EBSD技术的基本原理、系统构成、样品制备和工作程序。介绍了石英组构测量,极细粒物质（微角砾岩）的组构特点,二轴晶矿物（角闪石）的组构、变形机制和金属硫化物组构分析的应用实例,对于应用EBSD系统开展研究存在的一些问题进行了讨论。  相似文献   

金川铜镍矿床中新生代抬升冷却过程：来自裂变径迹的证据     

田向盛  杨婧  刘东晓  第鹏飞 《甘肃地质》2016,25(2):50-55

本文基于热年代学理论,利用锆石和磷灰石裂变径迹测年数据及对磷灰石热史的模拟,分析探讨金川铜镍矿床在中新生代的抬升冷却过程,认为金川超基性岩体自中生代以来一直处于持续的冷却抬升阶段,且在中侏罗世和晚白垩世早期经历了两期快速的抬升冷却事件,推断此事件与青藏高原后期活动时间相对应,证明金川岩体受到该事件的远程效应波及,致使该矿床遭受了一定的改造。  相似文献   

Hydrogen sulfide measurements in air by passive/diffusive samplers and high-frequency analyzer: A critical comparison     

《Applied Geochemistry》2016

In this study, hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) measurements in air carried out using (a) passive/diffusive samplers (Radiello^® traps) and (b) a high-frequency (60 s) real-time analyzer (Thermo^® 450i) were compared in order to evaluate advantages and limitations of the two techniques. Four different sites in urban environments (Florence, Italy) and two volcanic areas characterized by intense degassing of H₂S-rich fluids (Campi Flegrei and Vulcano Island, Italy) were selected for such measurements. The concentrations of H₂S generally varied over 5 orders of magnitude (from 10⁻¹–10³ μg/m³), the H₂S values measured with the Radiello^® traps (H₂S_R) being significantly higher than the average values measured by the Thermo^® 450i during the trap exposure (H₂S_Ta), especially when H₂S was <30 μg/m³. To test the reproducibility of the Radiello^® traps, 8 passive/diffusive samplers were contemporaneously deployed within an 0.2 m² area in an H₂S-contaminated site at Mt. Amiata (Tuscany, Italy), revealing that the precision of the H₂S_R values was ±49%. This large uncertainty, whose cause was not recognizable, is to be added to that related to the environmental conditions (wind speed and direction, humidity, temperature), which are known to strongly affect passive measurements. The Thermo^® 450i analyzer measurements highlighted the occurrence of short-term temporal variations of the H₂S concentrations, with peak values (up to 5732 μg/m³) potentially harmful to the human health. The Radiello^® traps were not able to detect such temporal variability due to their large exposure time. The disagreement between the H₂S_R and H₂S_Ta values poses severe concerns for the selection of an appropriate methodological approach aimed to provide an accurate measurement of this highly toxic air pollutant in compliance with the WHO air quality guidelines. Although passive samplers may offer the opportunity to carry out low-cost preliminary surveys, the use of the high-frequency H₂S analyzer is preferred when an accurate assessment of air quality is required. In fact, the latter provides precise real-time measurements for a reliable estimation of the effective exposure to hazardous H₂S concentrations, giving insights into the mechanisms regulating the dispersion of this air pollutant in relation to the meteorological parameters.  相似文献   

云南会泽铅锌矿床分散元素的富集机制——兼论浅色闪锌矿富集Cd的原因          下载免费PDF全文

张茂富  周宗桂  熊索菲  宫勇军  姚书振  李行 《地质找矿论丛》2016,31(1):18-28

文章对云南会泽铅锌矿床的黄铁矿、方铅矿和闪锌矿中的分散元素进行了电子探针分析(EMPA),探讨了分散元素的富集机制.结果表明,分散元素含量已达到综合利用指标,且富集规律为:分散元素以类质同象的形式赋存,黄铁矿中分散元素含量较低,而方铅矿中分散元素的含量稍高于闪锌矿.闪锌矿中:Cd富集顺序为红色＞杂色＞黑色,在高温阶段Cd置换Fe,低温阶段Cd置换Zn;Ga通过置换Zn进入闪锌矿,Ge可能主要替代Fe而进入闪锌矿晶格.方铅矿中:Cd和Ga元素置换Fe或Pb先进入方铅矿晶格内,Ge则富集较晚,具体表现为:当Ga含量较低时,元素进入方铅矿品格顺序为Fe,Zn→Cd→Ga,Ge,当Ga含量较高时,元素进入方铅矿品格的顺序依次为Cd,Ga→Ge.  相似文献   

基于Markov链的金川铜镍矿床超基性岩体侵位过程模拟及找矿启示     

邓浩  刘晓霞  赵莹 《江苏地质》2016,40(3):395-402

金川铜镍矿床是世界第三大铜镍硫化物岩浆矿床,现有研究表明其成矿模式为岩浆通道成矿,但是对于金川超基性岩体的侵位过程存在较大争议。为探索岩体的侵位过程,将岩浆侵位描述为马尔可夫(Markov)过程,提出一种基于Markov链的岩体侵位模拟算法,实现对金川超基性岩体侵位过程的模拟。以金川Ⅱ矿区为例,探讨了侵位过程与矿化的关联及岩浆通道骨架,为在矿床深部寻找第二成矿空间提供方向和线索。  相似文献   

湘西北寒武系沉积型镍钼矿成矿物质来源   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

闫友谊 《江苏地质》2016,40(4):560-566

湘西北寒武系含矿丰富,在寒武系下统牛蹄塘组黑色岩系中赋存有磷矿、石煤、钒矿、铀矿,并有有色金属钼、镍矿及铂族元素矿物聚集。通过分析总结前人成果资料,探究镍钼矿成矿地质环境条件是在低温环境、有微生物参与及强还原环境中同生沉积,对寒武系沉积型镍钼矿成矿物质来源提出了明确的看法,即成矿物质来源于海底喷流-热水。  相似文献   

吉林白山刘家堡子狼洞沟金银矿床地球化学特征及成因探讨          下载免费PDF全文

吴明刚  王胜炬  王贤孝 《山东国土资源》2016,32(4):17-21

通过对刘家堡子-狼洞沟金银矿床地质、成矿元素和同位素地球化学特征的分析和研究,发现矿区内近EW向和NE向断裂构造是主要容矿构造;最佳找矿元素前缘晕组合为As-Sb-Zn,矿上晕元素组合为Au-Ag-Pb-Hg,尾晕元素组合为Ni-Cu-Co;成矿作用中,古老基底中元古宙老岭群变质岩系为成矿提供了丰富的物质来源,而燕山期构造岩浆活动在提供成矿物质的同时还提供了热动力。刘家堡子-狼洞沟金银矿床应划属为与燕山晚期超浅成中酸性岩浆岩有关的中低温热液构造裂隙充填型金银矿床。  相似文献   

Characterisation of carbonate minerals from hyperspectral TIR scanning using features at 14 000 and 11 300 nm     

D. Green  M. Schodlok 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2016,63(8):951-957

Rapid characterisation of carbonate phases in hyperspectral reflectance spectra acquired from drill core material has important implications for mineral exploration and resource modelling. Major infrared active features of carbonates lie in the thermal region around 6500 nm, 11 300 nm and 14 000 nm, with the latter two features being most useful for differentiating mineral species. A scatter diagram of the wavelength of the 14 000 nm feature vs that of the 11 300 nm feature, powerfully differentiates carbonates. Although the wavelength of the 11 300 nm peak is easily measured, the 14 000 nm trough and peak are commonly weak and their wavelengths can confidently be used only after filtering the spectra, e.g. selecting only those with the trough and peak separated by 175–230 nm, typical of common carbonates. The method is demonstrated with drillhole 120R from the Rosebery polymetallic VHMS deposit in western Tasmania, which has been scanned with the HyLogger-3 system. A 14 000–11 300 plot shows a high degree of clustering of the drillhole 120R data close to the library spectra of calcite, dolomite, Fe-dolomite, ankerite, kutnohorite, rhodochrosite, Fe-rhodochrosite and siderite. The interpreted compositions of the carbonate spectral populations strongly correlate with the chemical populations of 144 analysed carbonates and provide a highly resolved spatial framework for interpreting carbonate alteration.  相似文献   

The use of meiofauna as an indicator of benthic organic enrichment associated with salmonid aquaculture   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

Sutherland TF  Levings CD  Petersen SA  Poon P  Piercey B 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(8):1249-1261

Sediment chemistry and meiofaunal samples were collected in the Broughton Archipelago, British Columbia, to examine the relationship between sediment variables and meiofauna diversity across near- and far-field gradients surrounding several finfish aquaculture operations. The sediment variables examined consisted of free sulfide concentrations, redox potential (E(NHE)), organic content, and sediment grain size. A strong trend between sediment texture and organic content was observed across all sampling locations, which reflected a wide range of sediment types (sand-silt) that exist within the Broughton Archipelago. The abundance of certain meiofaunal groups (kinorhynchs, crustaceans, polychaetes) declined in an asymptotic fashion with increasing free sulfide concentrations, an indicator of benthic organic enrichment. Within these relationships, low meiofaunal abundances occurred in fine sediments associated with higher organic contents. Although other groups (nematodes, foraminifera) showed a slight decline in abundance with increasing organic enrichment, a high amount of variability in abundance was observed at high free sulfide concentrations, rendering these groups not suitable as indicators of organic enrichment. This study reports both horizontal and vertical trends in meiofaunal distributions relative to free sulfide concentrations. The abundance of nematode and crustacean taxa decreased with sediment depth as well as increasing sulfide concentration, while polycheate abundance increased with increasing free sulfide concentration. The ratio of nematodes to copepods was also shown to represent the degree of organic loading associated with aquaculture operations and its application as an indicator of benthic impact is discussed.  相似文献   

Geochemistry of Flooded Underground Mine Workings Influenced by Bacterial Sulfate Reduction     

Amber J. Roesler  Christopher H. Gammons  Gregory K. Druschel  Harry Oduro  Simon R. Poulson 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2007,13(3):211-235

Unlike the majority of the water in the flooded mine complex of Butte Montana, which includes the highly acidic Berkeley pit lake, groundwater in the flooded West Camp underground mine workings has a circum-neutral pH and contains at least 8 μM aqueous sulfide. This article examines the geochemistry and stable isotope composition of this unusual H₂S-rich mine water, and also discusses problems related to the colorimetric analysis of sulfide in waters that contain FeS_(aq) cluster compounds. The West Camp mine pool is maintained at a constant elevation by continuous pumping, with discharge water that contains elevated Mn (90 μM), Fe (16 μM), and As (1.3 μM) but otherwise low metal concentrations. Dissolved inorganic carbon in the mine water is in chemical and isotopic equilibrium with rhodochrosite in the mineralized veins. The mine water is under-saturated with mackinawite and amorphous FeS, but is supersaturated with Cu- and Zn-sulfides. However, voltammetry studies show that much of the dissolved sulfide and ferrous iron are present as FeS_(aq) cluster molecules: as a result, the free concentration of the West Camp water is poorly constrained. Concentrations of dissolved sulfide determined by colorimetry were lower than gravimetric assays obtained by AgNO₃ addition, implying that the FeS_(aq) clusters are not completely extracted by the Methylene Blue reagent. In contrast, the clusters are quantitatively extracted as Ag₂S after addition of AgNO₃. Isotopic analysis of co-existing aqueous sulfide and sulfate confirms that the sulfide was produced by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). The H₂S-rich mine water is not confined to the immediate vicinity of the extraction well, but is also present in flooded mine shafts up to 3 km away, and in samples bailed from mine shafts at depths up to 300 m below static water level. This illustrates that SRB are well established throughout the southwestern portion of the extensive (>15 km³) Butte flooded mine complex.  相似文献