南海东北部分粒级叶绿素a和超微型光合生物的周日变化     

姜歆  黄良民  谭烨辉  李佳俊  柯志新  赵春宇 《海洋通报》2017,36(6):689-699

分别于2014年春、秋和2015年夏3个季节对南海东北部A站位(118°E,21.5°N)分粒级叶绿素a浓度和超微型光合生物(原绿球藻、聚球藻和超微型真核藻类)细胞丰度的昼夜变化进行了24 h时间序列连续观测和分析。通过萃取荧光法分析叶绿素a浓度,发现叶绿素a浓度呈现明显的昼夜变化,春季正午最高,秋季和夏季基本变化趋势为白天升高,夜晚降低;而因夏季中午的光抑制作用,叶绿素a的浓度相对较低。超微型光合生物(0.2~3μm)对总叶绿素a的贡献最高(71.49%),小型浮游植物(20μm)贡献率最低(10.41%)。通过流式细胞技术检测到3个超微型光合生物类群;其中,原绿球藻为优势类群,最大细胞丰度达1.05×10~5cells/m L,其次是聚球藻,超微型真核藻类的细胞丰度最低,但由于其单位细胞内的叶绿素a含量高,所以可能对叶绿素a的贡献最大。聚球藻丰度基本上白天下降,傍晚到午夜上升;秋季和夏季,超微型真核藻类的丰度白天高,夜晚低,而春季则相反;原绿球藻在秋季和春季的昼夜变化规律和超微型真核藻类相似。在多种因素共同影响下,光照是调控叶绿素a浓度和超微型光合生物丰度昼夜变化的一个关键因素。季节变化上,原绿球藻的细胞丰度季节间没有统计学差异(P0.05),聚球藻的季节变化为秋夏春,超微型真核藻类的季节变化规律和聚球藻相反。  相似文献   

壳聚糖碱性氨基酸衍生物的合成及抑菌活性研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

黄勇  刘松  秦玉坤  邢荣娥  李克成  于华华  岳洋  李俨  李鹏程 《海洋科学》2017,41(1):24-29

利用接枝反应,采用碱性氨基酸修饰壳聚糖,制备壳聚糖赖氨酸衍生物、壳聚糖精氨酸衍生物、壳聚糖组氨酸衍生物。通过红外(FT-IR)、核磁(~1H-NMR)、元素分析(EA)对其进行表征,并研究了不同壳聚糖氨基酸衍生物的抑菌活性。结果表明,壳聚糖赖氨酸衍生物、壳聚糖精氨酸衍生物、壳聚糖组氨酸衍生物、壳聚糖对金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为320、160、320、640μg/mL,对大肠杆菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为320、320、320、640μg/mL,三种壳聚糖氨基酸衍生物的抑菌活性均明显高于未修饰壳聚糖。通过引入碱性氨基酸增加壳聚糖的正电荷有利于提高其抑菌活性。  相似文献   

两种人工湿地条件下芦苇与芦竹生理生态特性研究   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

赵建松  白梅  程凤鸣  李小明 《湿地科学》2008,6(3)

通过对芦苇（Phragmites australis）和芦竹（Arundo donax）在模拟表面流湿地和潜流湿地条件下的生长特性比较,发现在两种人工湿地生长的两种植物叶片水势基本一致。对于植株相对生长率,叶片叶绿素含量、光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度等指标,芦苇各项指标在两种人工湿地间的差异不显著;芦竹在潜流湿地中的生长特性明显优于表面流湿地,二者间差异极显著（n=3,P〈0．01）。根系的生长状况与叶片水势情况表明水分供需并不是影响植物生理差异的因素;叶片叶绿素含量与光合作用的正相关表现说明叶绿素是影响两种湿地类型上植物生理特性差异的主要因素;芦苇、芦竹在两种人工湿地间的生理生态差异说明芦苇能适应两种湿地生境,而芦竹更适合种植在潜流人工湿地。  相似文献   

BS活性土壤生态     

《资源导刊(河南)》2012,(9)

公司简介;技术原理;技术特点;施工流程  相似文献   

我国海洋近岸污染依然严重     

《地理教学》2008,(4):46-46

根据2007年《中国海洋环境质量公报》的显示,我国四大海区中除黄海外污染程度都继续增加,全海域未达到清洁海域水质标准的面积约14．5万平方公里,比2006年减少约0．4万平方公里。近海大部分海域为清洁海域,远海海域水质保持良好状态。海水中的主要污染物依然是无机氮、活性磷酸盐和石油类。  相似文献   

Inhibition of photosynthesis in the microalga Chaetoceros curvisetus （Bacillariophyta） by macroalga Gracilaria lemaneiformis （Rhodophyta）     

叶长鹏  张梦成  杨宇峰 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2013,31(6):1174-1180

We investigated the effects of dried macroalga Gracilaria lemaneiform （Rhodophyta） on photosynthesis of the bloom-forming microalga Chaetoceros curvisetus. C. curvisetus was cultured with different amounts of dried G. lemaneiformis under controlled laboratory conditions. We measured the photosynthetic oxygen evolution rate and established the chlorophyll a fluorescence transient （OJIP） curve coupled with its specific parameters. We observed concentration-dependent and time-dependent relationships between dried G. lemaneiformis and inhibition of photosynthesis in C. curvisetus. Co-culture with dried G. lemaneiformis also resulted in a decrease in the light-saturated maximum photosynthetic oxygen evolution rate （P~ax） in C. curvisetus, and a decrease in the OJIP curve along with its specific parameters; the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII （FJFm）, the amount of active PSII reaction centers per excited cross section at t=0 and t=--tFM （RC/CS0 and RC/CSm, respectively）, the absorption flux per excited cross section at t=0 （ABS/ CS0）, and the efficiency with which a trapped exciton moves an electron into the electron transport chain （~u0）. The dark respiration rate （Rd） increased in C. curvisetus co-cultured with dried G. lemaneiformis. The JIP-test and the oxygen evolution results indicated that dried G. lemaneiJbrmis decreased the number of active reaction centers, blocked the electron transport chain, and damaged the oxygen-evolving complex of C. curvisetus. This result indicated that dried fragments of G. lemaneiformis could effectively inhibit photosynthesis of C. curvisetus, and thus, could serve as a functional product to control and mitigate C. curvisetus blooms.  相似文献   

Labile organic matter content and distribution as affected by six-year soil amendments to eroded Chinese mollisols   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Yueyu Sui  Xiaoguang Jiao  Wenting Chen  Xiaobing Liu  Xingyi Zhang  Guangwei Ding 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2013,23(6):692-699

Labile organic carbon （LOC） is a fraction of soil organic carbon （SOC） with rapid turnover time and is affected by soil fertilization. This investigation characterized the SOC content, LOC content and LOC distribution in the treatment plots of surface soil erosion at five levels （0-, 5-, 10-, 20- and 30-cm erosion）. The soil had received contrasting fertilizer treatments （i.e., chemical fertilizer or chemical fertilizer ＋ manure） for 6 years. This study demonstrated that both SOC and various LOC fractions contents were higher in the plots with fertilizer ＋ manure than in those with fertilizer alone under the same erosion conditions. The SOC and LOC contents de- creased as the erosion depth increased. Light fraction organic carbon, particulate organic carbon, easily oxidizable organic carbon （KMnO4-oxydizable organic carbon）, and microbial biomass carbon were 27% 57%, 37%-7%, 20%-25%, and 29%-33% higher respectively in the fertilizer ＋ manure plots, than in the fertilizer alone plots. Positive correlations （p 〈 0.05） between SOC content and different fractions contents were observed in all plots except the correlation between total SOC content and water-soluble organic carbon content in the different fertilization treatments. Obviously, fertilizer ＋ manure treatments would be conducive to the accumulation of LOC and SOC in the Black soil of Northeast China.  相似文献   

Antibacterial activity of extracts from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Zostera marina</Emphasis> against pathogens of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Apostichopus japonicus</Emphasis> skin ulceration disease     

Yang Liu  Guoliang Jiang  Zhiqiang Wu 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2010,9(1):68-70

The purpose of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of extracts from Zostera marina against the pathogens of Apostichopus japonicus skin ulceration disease. When 95% ethanol (v/v) solvent was used to extract Zostera marina at 50°C, aqueous extract (ZA) showed obvious bacteriostatic effects on the tested bacterial strains (inhibition halo diameters between 8.23 mm and 13.62 mm), whereas the ethyl acetate extract (ZE) was almost inactive. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ZA against four pathogens were homogeneous at 12.8 g L⁻¹. ZA components were analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) assay and six fractions were obtained. In another study, the six fractions showed inhibitory effects against the tested bacteria while their functions seemed to counteract the ZA activity.  相似文献   

重金属海绵     

张丽洁 《海洋地质前沿》2005,21(3):5-5

19世纪末,铜矿开采工业遗留下大量含有害金属的废弃物,包括As、Pb及其他重金属。仅在美国,就有300多平方英里的土壤和水被污染。最近发现一种矿物能快速清除这种污染物质。  相似文献   

凡纳滨对虾生态养殖新方法的研究     

张才学  黎运积 《海洋科学》2005,29(9):5-8

对凡纳滨对虾的养殖采用新的投料和管理方法,不施肥,从放苗后2h开始投料,并由2餐／d改为5餐／d;管理上采用不施抗生素药物的生态养殖模式。定期抽样测量对虾的体长。结果表明,实验对虾生长速度比对照塘提高20％～30％,成活率高达86．33％,比对照塘高约20％。实验证明该方法值得推广。  相似文献