气候系统模式发展中的耦合器研制问题   总被引：18，自引：3，他引：15  

周天军  俞永强  宇如聪  刘海龙  李薇  张学洪 《大气科学》2004,28(6):993-1008

基于"耦合器"框架、采用模块化结构是当今气候系统模式发展的主要技术方向.作者概述了耦合器的基本功能,对目前世界上应用比较广泛的11个耦合器进行了综合评述,重点是美国通用气候模式耦合器和法国的OASIS耦合器,扼要概括了目前较具影响力的三个耦合器发展计划,在此基础上,对耦合器的主要发展态势进行了总结,并结合自身模式发展的需求进行了讨论.  相似文献   

Effect of Ocean Thermal Diffusivity on Global Warming Induced by Increasing Atmospheric CO_2     

包宁  张学洪 《大气科学进展》1991,(4)

A global mean ocean model including atmospheric heating, heat capacity of the mixed layer ocean, and vertical thermal diffusivity in the lower ocean, proposed by Cess and Goldenberg (1981), is used in this paper to study the sensitivity of global warming to the vertical diffusivity. The results suggest that the behaviour of upper ocean temperature is mainly determined by the magnitude of upper layer diffusivity and an ocean with a larger diffusivity leads to a less increase of sea surface temperature and a longer time delay for the global warming induced by increasing CO2 than that with smaller one. The global warming relative to four scenarios of CO2 emission assumed by Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change (IPCC) is also estimated by using the model with two kinds of thermal diffusivities. The result shows that for various combinations of the CO2 emission scenarios and the diffusivities, the oceanic time delay to the global warming varies from 15 years to 70 years.  相似文献   

Sensitivity of the Upper Ocean Temperature and Circulation in the Equatorial Pacific to Solar Radiation Penetration Due to Phytoplankton   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

林鹏飞  刘海龙  张学洪 《大气科学进展》2007,24(5):765-780

Solar radiation penetration in the upper ocean is strongly modulated by phytoplankton, which impacts the upper ocean temperature structure, especially in the regions abundant with phytoplankton. In the paper, a new solar radiation penetration scheme, based on the concentration of chlorophyll-a, was introduced into the LASG/IAP （State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics/Institute of Atmospheric Physics） Climate system Ocean Model （LICOM）. By comparing the simulations using this new scheme with those using the old scheme that included the constant e-folding attenuation depths in LICOM, it was found that the sea surface temperature （SST） and circulation in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific were both sensitive to the amount of phytoplankton present. Distinct from other regions, the increase of chlorophyll-a concentration would lead to SST decrease in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific. The higher chlorophyll-a concentration at the equator in comparison to the off-equator regions can enlarge the subsurface temperature gradient, which in turn strengthens the upper current near the equator and induces an enhancing upwelling. The enhancing upwelling can then lead to a decrease in the SST in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific. The results of these two sensitive experiments testify to the fact that the meridional gradient in the chlorophyll-a concentration can result in an enhancement in the upper current and a decrease in the SST, along with the observation that a high chlorophyll-a concentration at the equator is one of the predominant reasons leading to a decrease in the SST. This study points out that these results can be qualitatively different simply because of the choice of the solar radiation penetration schemes for comparison. This can help explain previously reported contradictory conclusions.  相似文献   

球面上斜压原始方程组保持总有效能量守恒的差分格式   总被引：8，自引：9，他引：8  

曾庆存  张学洪 《大气科学》1987,11(2):113-127

本文从标准层结近似下球面上的斜压原始方程组出发,针对两类常用的网格系统——C-网格和B-网格,分别设计出可以保持总动能、总有效位能和总有效表面位能之和守恒的差分格式.同时,讨论了定义在交错网格上的差分和平均算子的一些很有用的性质.  相似文献   

一个大气环流模式差分格式的检验   总被引：16，自引：4，他引：16       下载免费PDF全文

曾庆存  袁重光  张学洪  包宁 《气象学报》1985,43(4):441-449

本文用两种工具对我们设计的一个大气环流模式及其差分格式作了较为严格的检验。首先,我们用检验球面模式的传统工具Rossby-Haurwitz波对简化的正压模式进行了检验,其效果与欧洲中心的结果极为一致。其次,我们发展了检验斜压初始方程模式的工具——非线性Haurwitz波,并对环流模式的框架部分作了检验,取得了令人满意的结果。  相似文献   

一个包括地形和非绝热作用的原始方程数值模式     

朱抱真  陈嘉滨  张学洪  季仲贞  骆美霞  纪立人  张道民  许有丰 《气象学报》1980,38(2):130-141

为了模拟大尺度动力过程并改进数值预报,开展了一个原始方程的半球数值模式的研究。 模式的主要特点是:将热力学方程进行改写,整个差分格式保持总能量守恒,但气压梯度项和静力关系的差分格式可以不受任何限制。模式包括地形、摩擦、水平扩散、降水、蒸发和各种非绝热等物理作用。幅射作用直接由导出的微分表达式计算;地面温度由地面热量平衡方程解出而不需要迭代计算。 最后给出这一模式的一次48小时预报个例的试验结果。  相似文献   

大洋温盐环流与气候变率的关系研究:科学界的一个新课题   总被引：15，自引：3，他引：15  

周天军  王绍武  张学洪 《地球科学进展》2000,15(6):654-660

大洋温盐环流与气候变率的关系研究是90年代中后期以来国际科学界提出的一个新课题。在概述温盐环流基本图像的基础上,讨论了温盐环流在气候系统中的重要作用,介绍了国际科学界针对该问题的未来行动,总结了国际科学界的研究现状。  相似文献   

基于通量距平的大气—海洋—海冰耦合模式   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张学洪  俞永强 《应用气象学报》1997,8(A00):175-182

该文是基于月平均通量距平（ＭＦＡ）的海报耦合方案及其在４个海气耦合的环流模式中应用情况的一个综合评述，这些模式的实施情况表明，由于采用精细化了参考通量，修正的ＭＦＡ（ＭＭＦＡ）比它的原型具有为稳定的控制气候漂移的能力。  相似文献   

全球水循环的海洋分量研究   总被引：22，自引：2，他引：20       下载免费PDF全文

周天军  张学洪  王绍武 《气象学报》1999,57(3):264-282

利用ＮＣＥＰ／ＮＣＡＲ再分析月平均和逐日资料,采用“余差”方法,计算了１９８４～１９９４年全球海气淡水通量,分析了全球水汽输送的特点。主要结果有：（１）在全球水循环中,副热带大洋是重要的水汽辐散区,热带辐合带、南太平洋辐合带和南太平洋东南海域是集中的水汽辐合区,赤道东风带是夏季印度洋季风环流的主要水汽通道;（２）再现了全球海气淡水通量的分布,例如副热带“海洋沙漠”带、热带辐合带和南太平洋辐合带净降水区等;展示了细节特征,如黑潮区的净蒸发特点等;（３）发现了北大西洋中高纬度地区存在一东北—西南向的净蒸发带,而前人结果中则为净降水带;（４）分析了各大洋海气淡水通量的季节、年际变化特征,讨论了太平洋相对于大西洋作为水汽汇的特点;指出热带辐合带和南太平洋辐合带是海气淡水通量变率最大的海域  相似文献   

A Numerical World Ocean General Circulation Model   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张学洪  粱信忠 《大气科学进展》1989,(1)

This paper describes a numerical model of the world ocean based on the fully primitive equations. A "Standard" ocean state is introduced into the equations of the model and the perturbed thermodynamic variables are used in the modlc's calculations. Both a free upper surface and a bottom topography are included in the model and a sigma coordinate is used to normalize the model's vertical component. The model has four unevenly-spaced layers and 4 × 5 horizontal resolution based on C-grid system. The finite-difference scheme of the model is designed to conserve the gross available energy in order to avoid fictitious energy generation or decay.The model has been tested in response to the annual mean surface wind stress, sea level air pressure and sea level air temperature as a preliminary step to its further improvement and its coupling with a global atmospheric general circulation model. Some of results, including currents, temperature and sea surface elevation simulated by the mode! arc presented.  相似文献