未知OBS水平方位的SKS分裂参数测量          下载免费PDF全文

司少坤  刘保华  刘晨光  杨挺  封志兵 《地球物理学报》2017,60(3):999-1006

宽频带海底地震仪(OBS)探测是研究海底深部结构最有效的地球物理方法,其中SKS分裂参数测量已被广泛应用于上地幔各向异性的研究.传统的SKS分裂参数测量需要知道确切的OBS水平分量方位,然而OBS的投放过程是自由式的,其两个水平分量在海底的方位是不确定的.本文通过SKS快慢波的运动学特性,发展了一种在未知OBS水平分量方位的情况下直接求取SKS分裂参数的方法,分别用合成地震图和实际观测到的远震资料对该方法进行了数值检验,表明其是一种有效的获得SKS分裂参数的方法,而且相比于传统的先确定OBS水平分量方位,再进行SKS分裂的方法,此方法能够同时获得SKS分裂参数和OBS水平分量方位,应用简便,且减少了累积误差,获得的SKS分裂参数可靠性更高.  相似文献   

相邻两井对大地震的不同水力响应模型研究——页岩影响分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

张艳  符力耘  陈学忠  曹呈浩  赵连锋  马玉川 《地球物理学报》2019,62(1):143-158

大地震引起了左家庄和宝坻(相距～50km)两井中截然不同的同震水位响应.我们用水位的气压和潮汐响应来分析解释此现象.结果表明,宝坻井的观测含水层中存在页岩,且此井受裂隙影响很大,储水效应较差.页岩的复杂裂隙或者各向异性可能会导致此井观测含水层处于半封闭状态,从而导致垂直向排水的发生.通过多方计算分析后,我们将这两口井划分为两种模型—1.水平流动模型;2.水平流动+垂直流动的混合流动模型.由于裂隙影响,宝坻井的观测含水层介质与外界的水力沟通性在震前就较强(震前渗透率就比较大),所以宝坻井观测含水层与外界的孔隙压差异较小,导致同震渗透率上升较小甚至没有变化,这些因素是导致该井同震水位变化幅度总是非常微小的原因.  相似文献   

库尔勒台水平摆与垂直摆倾斜仪效能对比研究     

张嘉敏  杨绍富  徐长银  苏萍 《内陆地震》2019,(1):68-79

基于水平摆和垂直摆两种摆式倾斜仪不同的工作原理,对比分析库尔勒台的这两种倾斜仪的观测精度、年变幅、年零漂、稳定性、映震能力,研究观测环境和天气过程等不同影响因素对观测造成的干扰差异性,综合评价水平摆和垂直摆仪器的各项参数和优劣性,同时提取了可识别的前兆异常特征,为数据处理、资料分析、震情跟踪提供科学的依据。  相似文献   

影响春季热带太平洋地区海温变化的动力热力作用分析     

赵鹤  颉卫华  吴统文  刘向文 《大气科学》2020,44(3):519-532

厄尔尼诺—南方涛动（ENSO）春季预报障碍是ENSO预测的一个难点问题,弄清影响春季热带太平洋地区海表温度（SST）变化的动力和热力作用对于理解ENSO关键区SST的异常变化及ENSO春季预报障碍成因非常重要。本文利用BCC-CSM2-MR数值模式,模拟产生一套1986～2017年间相互协调的逐月海表风应力、感热、潜热、长波和短波净辐射能量、海洋流场等观测代用数据。利用这些数据对影响海温变化的动力和热力作用及其相对重要性进行了诊断分析,结果表明:（1）与其他季节相比,春季Ni?o3.4区海洋表层温度（后文中用T_S表示）呈现出独特的先增暖后趋冷的不对称季节性转换特征,这一变化主要是由于影响T_S的大气风应力、海流以及能量净通量在春季均表现出明显的季节性转换过程。进一步的分析表明,热力作用对局地海温的季节性变化影响最为重要,水平平流输送以反向作用为主,其中经向平流输送起到了反向作用,不利于该区域T_S的季节性转变,纬向平流输送仅在春季转为弱的正贡献,浅层垂直平流输送对春季T_S变化的影响很小。（2）动力热力作用与T_S异常的变化倾向相关关系也表明,春季Ni?o3.4区热力作用与T_S异常变化呈现显著的正相关,纬向海流异常的输送项也表现为正相关,而经向海流输送项展现出由负相关向正相关转化的特征。（3）对Ni?o3.4区T_S变化的方差贡献分析结果表明,春季热力作用对T_S的异常变化的贡献达50%以上,相关系数超0.7,其次是纬向、经向平流项贡献,各占10%～20%左右,但两者作用相反,其他项贡献较小。  相似文献   

1999—2018年锦州地区大雾气候特征及成因分析     

张翠艳  阎琦  白雪  张广梅  娄芳蕾  周福然  常姝婷 《气象与环境学报》2020,36(3):87-92

应用常规气象观测资料、能见度仪观测资料,分析1999—2018年锦州地区大雾气候特征及成因。结果表明：锦州地区雾日年总频次多年平均为33次,存在12 a、6 a和3 a的变化周期。锦州地区典型大雾过程主要分为弱低压槽型、雨后弱高压型。大雾存在日变化。雾前T-T_d为4—14℃,风速为4 m·s^-1以下,偏南风占50%,偏北风占38%,静风占12%;雾发展阶段T-T_d为0—4℃,平均风速为2.2 m·s^-1,偏南风占58%,偏北风占42%;浓雾阶段T-T_d为0—2℃,平均风速为1.9 m·s^-1,偏南风占58%,偏北风占42%;雾减弱到消散阶段T-T_d逐渐升高,平均风速为3.3 m·s^-1,偏北风占58%。大雾期间,均出现逆温和湿层。  相似文献   

On the influence of physical parameterisations and domains configuration in the simulation of an extreme precipitation event     

《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2014

At daybreak and late morning of 18th of February 2008 Lisbon and Setúbal have been under the influence of a heavy rain event. This period was simulated by two operational WRF model set ups running for Portugal at the University of Aveiro in two different horizontal and vertical resolution and physical parameterisations. These two model configurations were tested for the described precipitation event in terms of microphysics and cumulus parameterisation and also in their domain configuration setup. Results suggest that the combination of cumulus and microphysics schemes is very important in the prediction of the amounts of precipitation. A small change in domain resolution has more impact in the spatial patterns of precipitation rather than in the amounts predicted.  相似文献   

Characterization of the horizontal structure of the tropical forest canopy using object-based LiDAR and multispectral image analysis     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2013

This article's goal is to explore the benefits of using Digital Surface Model (DSM) and Digital Terrain Model (DTM) derived from LiDAR acquisitions for characterizing the horizontal structure of different facies in forested areas (primary forests vs. secondary forests) within the framework of an object-oriented classification. The area under study is the island of Mayotte in the western Indian Ocean. The LiDAR data were the data originally acquired by an airborne small-footprint discrete-return LiDAR for the “Litto3D” coastline mapping project. They were used to create a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) at a spatial resolution of 1 m and a Digital Canopy Model (DCM) using median filtering. The use of two successive segmentations at different scales allowed us to adjust the segmentation parameters to the local structure of the landscape and of the cover. Working in object-oriented mode with LiDAR allowed us to discriminate six vegetation classes based on canopy height and horizontal heterogeneity. This heterogeneity was assessed using a texture index calculated from the height-transition co-occurrence matrix. Overall accuracy exceeds 90%. The resulting product is the first vegetation map of Mayotte which emphasizes the structure over the composition.  相似文献   

Evaluation of blast-induced ground vibration effects in a new residential zone     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2013

The results from an experimental blasting program that was performed at the special explosives training field of the General Directorate of Security in Ankara, where new residential blocks are planned to be constructed nearby, are presented. With the objective of estimating the blast-induced ground vibration effects on the proposed structures, various blasting parameters of nineteen surface and underground explosions were recorded in two directions at three measurement stations. Site-specific empirical relationships between peak particle velocity, the amount of explosive and the distance were developed. These relationships were used to construct a practical blasting chart, which gives the maximum amount of explosive to be used as a function of distance, for future underground and surface blasting operations in the training field. Since the use of peak particle velocity in the field of civil engineering has been limited so far, site-specific parameters were also estimated to predict the blast-induced horizontal peak ground acceleration. Then, an attempt was made to investigate the dynamic responses of four and six storey reinforced concrete structures that consist of frame and shear wall type structural systems under the measured accelerations using finite element analysis. The limitations of this approach were discussed within the context of damage estimation.  相似文献   

On the use of horizontal acoustic Doppler profilers for continuous bed shear stress monitoring     

B.VERMEULEN  AJF HOITINK  MG SASSI 《国际泥沙研究》2013,28(2):260-268

Continuous monitoring of bed shear stress in large river systems may serve to better estimate alluvial sediment transport to the coastal ocean.Here we explore the possibility of using a horizontally deployed acoustic Doppler current profiler(ADCP) to monitor bed shear stress,applying a prescribed boundary layer model,previously used for discharge estimation.The model parameters include the local roughness length and a dip correction factor to account for sidewall effects.Both these parameters depend on river stage and on the position in the cross-section, and were estimated from shipborne ADCP data.We applied the calibrated boundary layer model to obtain bed shear stress estimates over the measuring range of the HADCP.To validate the results,co-located coupled ADCPs were used to infer bed shear stress,both from Reynolds stress profiles and from mean velocity profiles. From HADCP data collected over a period of 1.5 years,a time series of width profiles of bed shear stress was obtained for a tidal reach of the Mahakam River,East Kalimantan,Indonesia.A smaller dataset covering 25 hours was used for comparison with results from the coupled ADCPs.The bed shear stress estimates derived from Reynolds stress profiles appeared to be strongly affected by local effects causing upflow and downflow,which are not included in the boundary layer model used to derive bed shear stress with the horizontal ADCP.Bed shear stresses from the coupled ADCP are representative of a much more localized flow,while those derived with the horizontal ADCP resemble the net effect of the flow over larger scales.Bed shear stresses obtained from mean velocity profiles from the coupled ADCPs show a good agreement between the two methods,and highlight the robustness of the method to uncertainty in the estimates of the roughness length.  相似文献   

航空重力测量的系统误差补偿   总被引：8，自引：4，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

孙中苗  翟振和  肖云  李迎春 《地球物理学报》2013,56(1):47-52

基于航空重力测量的基本数学模型,详细分析了航空重力测量的系统误差来源.大致可将系统误差分为三类,即停机坪重力基准值、比力初值的观测误差,格值、交叉耦合系数、摆杆尺度因子的标定误差和水平加速度改正的模型化误差等.然后,对每类系统误差的量级及其补偿方法进行了研究,指出水平加速度改正是引起系统误差的主要因素之一.大同、哈尔滨和渤海湾航空重力测量的实测数据分析均表明,在各项系统误差尤其是水平加速度改正得到有效补偿后,航空重力与地面(或船测)参考值的系统误差将小于1×10^-5m·s^-2.  相似文献