一次冷空气强风的成因分析   总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7  

王雷 《海洋预报》2005,22(4):96-101

文章分析了2004年12月底的一次冷空气强风过程,揭示了冷空气南下与东海低压的发展造成的气压梯度、高低空较强的冷平流以及中低空辐合辐散差异引起的动力强迫下沉作用所造成的动量下传是造成本次猛烈强风的主要原因.最大强风发生区域和发生时间既与低层和中层700hPa分别转为辐散和辐合中心对应,又与中低层700hPa以下正好处于下沉速度中心附近对应.  相似文献   

海洋声学测温及声层析法     

尚尔昌 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1997,(1)

海洋声层析法作为检测海洋内部变化一有力手段，正面临着海洋声学大尺度观测新挑战。本文就海洋声传播的绝热近似；声传播时间的非线性偏移；声速剖面的线性及非线性反演等与声学大尺度观测相关的一些水声学问题的发展现状及存在问题等进行了综述性论述。文中还介绍了赫德岛预演实验等利用声层析法观测海洋内部变化的一些具体应用例  相似文献   

滚石在平台上的运动特征分析   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

黄润秋  刘卫华 《地球科学进展》2008,23(5):517-523

危岩体;滚石;平台;运动距离;现场试验;滚动摩擦系数  相似文献   

津巴布韦克拉通构造变形特征分析     

张明云  何会民  袁晶 《华北地质》2008,31(4)

根据津巴布韦克拉通北部地区的构造变质特征及矿物测年数据,表明太古界地壳基底形成和演变分为两个阶段。早期约在26.7亿年,Shamva-Bindura绿岩带内发育平行层理的剪切带,在长英质片麻岩核组成的大型推覆体之间形成洋壳和火山岛弧物质的叠瓦状堆积,结果是炽热长英质和铁镁质岩层的堆积使得地壳的演变暂时达到均衡状态,岩层堆积厚度达35km。后期大约在26.0～26.2亿年炽热岩层的冷却收缩导致应变产生,沿垂直方向形成走向滑动断层带,为达到地热均衡,大面积的岩层发生熔蚀,并伴有花岗岩体底辟作用。岩层熔蚀和底辟作用产生二次临时变质作用和多种应变形态,也最终导致克拉通冷凝固化。  相似文献   

Horizontal and vertical fluxes of particulate matter during wind erosion on arable land in the province La Pampa,Argentina     

《国际泥沙研究》2022,37(5):539-552

A detailed analysis of horizontal and vertical particulate matter (PM) fluxes during wind erosion has been done, based on measurements of PM smaller than 10, 2.5, and 1.0 μm, at windward and leeward positions on a measuring field. The three fractions of PM measurement are differently influenced by the increasing wind and shear velocities of the wind. The measured concentrations of the coarser fractions of the fine dust, PM₁₀, and PM_2.5, increase with wind and shear velocity, whereas the PM_1.0 concentrations show no clear correlation to the shear velocity. The share of PM_2.5 on PM₁₀ depends on the measurement height and wind speed and varies between 4 and 12 m/s at the 1 m height ranging from 25% to 7% (average 10%), and at the 4 m height from 39% to 23% (average 30%). Although general relationships between wind speed, PM concentration, and horizontal and vertical fluxes could be found, the contribution of the measuring field was very low, as balances of incoming and outgoing fluxes show. Consequently, the measured PM concentrations are determined from a variety of sources, such as traffic on unpaved roads, cattle drives, tillage operations, and wind erosion, and thus, represent all components of land use and landscape structure in the near and far surroundings of the measuring field. The current results may reflect factors from the landscape scale rather than the influence of field-related variables. The measuring devices used to monitor PM concentrations showed differences of up to 20%, which led to considerable deviations when determining total balances. Differences up to 67% between the calculated fluxes prove the necessity of a previous calibration of the devices used.  相似文献   

夏季青藏高原对流系统移出高原的气象背景场分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

胡亮  徐祥德  赵平 《气象学报》2018,76(6):944-954

利用1998-2004年6-8月共21个月的ISCCP对流路径集资料,结合NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和TRMM 3B42降水资料,采用合成统计分析方法,对夏季生成于青藏高原（高原）地区的对流系统进行了分类对比分析,目的在于研究各类高原对流系统动热力场的水平和垂直结构特征,探讨各类对流系统能否移出高原的气象背景场差异。结果表明,夏季高原对流系统主要生成于青藏高原中东部,存在两个高发中心。夏季高原对流系统按照对流系统的移动路径可以分为未移出高原、向南移出高原和向东移出高原3类。高原对流系统的移动、发展和生成源地没有直接关系,主要决定于气象背景场。当生成的高原对流系统上升运动强、水汽条件优越时,其强度不断增大,利于对流系统维持发展并移出高原,如果这类高原对流系统处于强西风气流控制下,容易向东移出高原,如受较强偏北风气流影响,则容易向南移出高原;而当生成的高原对流系统上升运动弱、水汽条件不理想时,其强度不断减弱,不利于对流系统发展移动,高原对流系统在高原区逐渐消亡。   相似文献   

尺度叠加高斯相关模型在GRAPES-RAFS中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

庄照荣  李兴良 《气象学报》2021,79(1):79-93

背景误差水平相关模型影响着分析增量的结构,同时也决定着不同尺度上分析增量信息的多少。为了提高中小尺度系统的分析质量,研究尺度叠加高斯相关模型的特征及其在三维变分同化系统中的应用效果。通过分析高斯模型和尺度叠加高斯模型的空间特征,以及它们的拉普拉斯算子和谱响应函数的特征,同时依据统计的背景误差特征来改进背景误差水平相关模型。通过采用不同相关模型的GRAPES-RAFS快速分析预报循环批量试验表明:改进的尺度叠加高斯相关模型不仅能增加分析场的中小尺度信息,同时尺度叠加高斯函数描述的风场背景误差相关特征更符合实际统计结果,缓解了原高斯函数方案风场负相关偏大的问题。因而尺度叠加高斯相关模型的应用大幅度提高了分析质量,特别是风场分析质量,同时12 h内风场预报质量也略有提高,也显著提高了前24 h各量级降水的ETS评分,明显缓解了原高斯模型方案的虚警现象。尺度叠加高斯相关模型能明显增加分析的中小尺度信息和更合理地描述风场负相关结构,在三维变分分析中的应用能显著改进分析和降水预报质量。   相似文献   

天山内部博罗可努断裂精河—阿拉山口段晚更新世以来的活动特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

杨晓平  沈军 《地震地质》2000,(3)

通过对博罗可努断裂精河—阿拉山口段微地貌的实地调查 ,发现该断裂错断精河东南到阿拉山口之间的晚更新世冲洪积扇 ,地表留下了冲沟和山脊同步右旋位错、断层陡坎、断层鼓包、拉分盆地等与断层活动有关的微地貌。精河东南冲洪积扇上大冲沟的最大右旋位移为 50 0m ,平均4 0 0m。断层陡坎上的纹沟右旋位移为 2 6～ 4 0m ,较大级别的纹沟位移可分为 5 7m ,8 3m和 15 3m3组。它们大致为 3的整数倍。实测断层陡坎的高度分别为 1 2m ,2 51m和 3 6 3m ,大致是 1 2的整数倍 ,阿拉山口西南断层的水平位移为 1～ 1 7m ;垂直位移可分为两组 ,一组为 0 55m ,另一组为 1 2～ 1 5m。这些数据可能揭示了该断裂段的特征地震水平位移为 3m ,垂直位移为 1 2m。区域地貌对比和年代学分析得出 ,精河东南冲洪积扇的最后形成时代为距今 7万a左右 ,右旋滑动速率为4 7mm/a。  相似文献   

Experiment of Dividing the Active Blocks Based on Horizontal Crustal Movement Observed by GPS     

Li Yanxing  Hu Xinkang  Shuai Ping  Guo Liangqian 《中国地震研究》2000,14(4):323-328

In this paper, the discrepancy between the movements of intraplate blocks and plates isdiscussed, and the method to divide the intraplate active blocks is presented by selecting Bursaformula as the kinematic model for the intraplate blocks. Based on the data of three GPScampaigns in North-China network in l995, 1996 and l999, respectively, the northern area inNorth China is divided into eight small blocks with the mathematical model and methodpresented in this paper. The divided blocks based on tbe horizontal and vertical crustalmovements in the paper are consistent or approximate with each other in the area as a whole.The divided blocks in the paper is also basically accordant with the neotectonic movement,which indicates that the current movement of active blocks in this area is the succession anddevelopment of neotectonic movement. Moreover, some new activity characteristics in the areahave been revealed by the tectonic units divided with the horizontal crustal movement.  相似文献   

Wave/wave interaction producing horizontal mean flows in stably stratified fluids     

M. Galmiche  O. Thual  P. Bonneton 《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2000,31(1-4)

We show that internal wave/wave interactions in stratified fluids are able to produce strong horizontal mean currents. A simple analytical model allows us to estimate the amplitude of the time-periodic horizontal mean flow induced by the interaction of two monochromatic waves. This model shows that in some cases, the mean flow velocity can overgo a threshold beyond which critical layers and intense energy transfers from the waves to the mean flow are expected. This prediction is confirmed by direct pseudo-spectral simulations of the Navier–Stokes equations under the Boussinesq approximation. Such interactions may help to further understand the presence of strong vertical shear observed in the final stage of stratified flows in oceans and atmospheres.  相似文献