A heat flow and physical properties package for the surface of Mercury     

Tilman Spohn  Andrew J. Ball  Karsten Seiferlin  Vera Conzelmann  Axel Hagermann  Norbert I. mle  Günter Kargl 《Planetary and Space Science》2001,49(14-15)

European Space Agencies fifth cornerstone mission BepiColombo includes a ‘Surface Element’ to land a scientific payload on the surface of Mercury. The current strawman payload includes a heat flow and physical properties package (HP³), focussing on key thermal and mechanical properties of the near-surface material (down to a depth of 2–5 m) and the measurement of heat flow from Mercury's interior, an important constraining parameter for models of the planet's interior and evolution. We present here an overview of the HP³ experiment package and its possible accommodation in a self-inserting ‘mole’ device. A mole is considered to be the most appropriate deployment method for HP³, at least in the currently-assumed case of an airbag-assisted soft landing architecture for the Mercury Surface Element.  相似文献   

Constraints on the source of Cu in a submarine magmatic-hydrothermal system,Brothers volcano,Kermadec island arc     

Manuel?KeithEmail author  Karsten?M.?Haase  Reiner?Klemd  Daniel?J.?Smith  Ulrich?Schwarz-Schampera  Wolfgang?Bach 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2018,173(5):40

Most magmatic-hydrothermal Cu deposits are genetically linked to arc magmas. However, most continental or oceanic arc magmas are barren, and hence new methods have to be developed to distinguish between barren and mineralised arc systems. Source composition, melting conditions, the timing of S saturation and an initial chalcophile element-enrichment represent important parameters that control the potential of a subduction setting to host an economically valuable deposit. Brothers volcano in the Kermadec island arc is one of the best-studied examples of arc-related submarine magmatic-hydrothermal activity. This study, for the first time, compares the chemical and mineralogical composition of the Brothers seafloor massive sulphides and the associated dacitic to rhyolitic lavas that host the hydrothermal system. Incompatible trace element ratios, such as La/Sm and Ce/Pb, indicate that the basaltic melts from L’Esperance volcano may represent a parental analogue to the more evolved Brothers lavas. Copper-rich magmatic sulphides (Cu?>?2 wt%) identified in fresh volcanic glass and phenocryst phases, such as clinopyroxene, plagioclase and Fe–Ti oxide suggest that the surrounding lavas that host the Brothers hydrothermal system represent a potential Cu source for the sulphide ores at the seafloor. Thermodynamic calculations reveal that the Brothers melts reached volatile saturation during their evolution. Melt inclusion data and the occurrence of sulphides along vesicle margins indicate that an exsolving volatile phase extracted Cu from the silicate melt and probably contributed it to the overlying hydrothermal system. Hence, the formation of the Cu-rich seafloor massive sulphides (up to 35.6 wt%) is probably due to the contribution of Cu from a bimodal source including wall rock leaching and magmatic degassing, in a mineralisation style that is hybrid between Cyprus-type volcanic-hosted massive sulphide and subaerial epithermal–porphyry deposits.  相似文献   

LusTRE: a framework of linked environmental thesauri for metadata management     

Riccardo Albertoni  Monica De Martino  Paola Podestà  Andreas Abecker  Roman Wössner  Karsten Schnitter 《Earth Science Informatics》2018,11(4):525-544

The paper illustrates a Linked Thesaurus Framework for the Environment, named LusTRE, to facilitate data sharing across different environmental disciplines. It provides a knowledge infrastructure of multilingual thesauri and code lists, interlinking them so that they can be used as one integrated linked data source. This multilingual thesaurus is published according to the Linked Data Best Practices and supports metadata compilation and data discovery for describing and finding Environmental geodata. A human readable web interface is provided for the exploitation of LusTRE as well as a set of web services for programmatic access to the knowledge infrastructure. LusTRE has been exploited within the European directive INSPIRE and SEIS piloting testbeds implemented within the EU project eENVplus in order to support cross-border and cross-domain data sharing. It is aimed at supporting multilingual data search and query refinement. In order to show how interlinked content can help users to more easily express metadata within Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI), LusTRE web services have been integrated within existing metadata editors and geoportals.  相似文献   

The evolution of authigenic Zn–Pb–Fe-bearing phases in the Grieves Siding peat,western Tasmania     

Richelle Awid-Pascual  Vadim S. Kamenetsky  Karsten Goemann  Neil Allen  Taryn L. Noble  Bernd G. Lottermoser  Thomas Rodemann 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2015,169(2):1-16

  相似文献   

Geochemical evidence for melting of carbonated peridotite on Santa Maria Island, Azores     

Christoph Beier  João Mata  Ferdinand Stöckhert  Nadine Mattielli  Philipp A. Brandl  Pedro Madureira  Felix S. Genske  Sofia Martins  José Madeira  Karsten M. Haase 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2013,165(5):823-841

The islands of the Azores archipelago emerge from an oceanic plateau built on lithosphere increasing in age with distance from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge from 10 to 45 Ma. Here, we present the first comprehensive major and trace element and Sr–Nd–Pb isotope data from Santa Maria, the easternmost island of the archipelago, along with published data from the other Azores islands situated much closer to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge axis. We can show that the distinctively more variable and more enriched trace element ratios at Santa Maria combined with a relatively small range in Sr–Nd–Pb isotope ratios are the result of low degrees of partial melting of a common Azores mantle plume source underneath thicker lithosphere. This implies that melt extraction processes and melting dynamics may be able to better preserve the trace element mantle source variability underneath thicker lithosphere. These conclusions may apply widely for oceanic melts erupted on relatively thick lithosphere. In addition, lower Ti/Sm and K/La ratios and SiO₂ contents of Santa Maria lavas imply melting of a carbonated peridotite source. Mixing of variable portions of deep small-degree carbonated peridotite melts and shallow volatile-free garnet peridotite could explain the geochemical variability underneath Santa Maria in agreement with the volatile-rich nature of the Azores mantle source. However, Santa Maria is the Azores island where the CO₂-rich nature of the mantle source is more evident, reflecting a combination of a smaller extent of partial melting and the positioning at the edge of the tilted Azores mantle plume.  相似文献   

TESSIN VISLab—laboratory for scientific visualization     

Lars Bilke  Thomas Fischer  Carolin Helbig  Charlotte Krawczyk  Thomas Nagel  Dmitri Naumov  Sebastian Paulick  Karsten Rink  Agnes Sachse  Sophie Schelenz  Marc Walther  Norihiro Watanabe  Björn Zehner  Jennifer Ziesch  Olaf Kolditz 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,72(10):3881-3899

Scientific visualization is an integral part of the modeling workflow, enabling researchers to understand complex or large data sets and simulation results. A high-resolution stereoscopic virtual reality (VR) environment further enhances the possibilities of visualization. Such an environment also allows collaboration in work groups including people of different backgrounds and to present results of research projects to stakeholders or the public. The requirements for the computing equipment driving the VR environment demand specialized software applications which can be run in a parallel fashion on a set of interconnected machines. Another challenge is to devise a useful data workflow from source data sets onto the display system. Therefore, we develop software applications like the OpenGeoSys Data Explorer, custom data conversion tools for established visualization packages such as ParaView and Visualization Toolkit as well as presentation and interaction techniques for 3D applications like Unity. We demonstrate our workflow by presenting visualization results for case studies from a broad range of applications. An outlook on how visualization techniques can be deeply integrated into the simulation process is given and future technical improvements such as a simplified hardware setup are outlined.  相似文献   

Visualisation strategies for environmental modelling data     

Karsten Rink  Lars Bilke  Olaf Kolditz 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,72(10):3857-3868

We present a framework that allows users to apply a number of strategies to view and modify a wide range of environmental data sets for the modelling of natural phenomena. These data sets can be concurrently visualised to find inconsistencies or artefacts. This ensures at an early stage that models set up for the simulation of hydrological or thermal processes will not give implausible results due to complications based on input data. A number of generally applicable visualisation techniques are provided by our framework to help researchers detect potential problems. We also propose a number of mapping algorithms for the integration of multiple data sets to resolve some of the most common issues. Techniques for the presentation of input- and modelling data in combination with simulation results are proposed with respect to the benefits of visualisation of environmental data within specialised environments. The complete workflow from input data to presentation is demonstrated based on a case study in Central Germany. We identify typical problems, propose approaches for a suitable data integration for this case study and compare results of the original and modified data sets.  相似文献   

Constraints on the formation of geochemically variable plagiogranite intrusions in the Troodos Ophiolite,Cyprus   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sarah?FreundEmail author  Karsten?M.?Haase  Manuel?Keith  Christoph?Beier  Dieter?Garbe-Sch?nberg 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2014,167(2):978

The geochemistry and petrology of tonalitic to trondhjemitic samples (n = 85) from eight different plagiogranite intrusions at the gabbro/sheeted dyke transition of the Troodos Ophiolite were studied in order to determine their petrogenetic relationship to the mafic plutonic section and the lava pile. The plagiogranitic rocks have higher SiO₂ contents than the majority of the glasses of the Troodos lava pile, but lie on a continuation of the chemical trends defined by the extrusive rocks, indicating that the shallow intrusions generally represent crystallised magmas. We define three different groups of plagiogranites in the Troodos Ophiolite based on different incompatible element contents and ratios. The first and most common plagiogranite group has geochemical similarities to the tholeiitic lavas forming the lavas and sheeted dyke complex in the Troodos crust, implying that these magmas formed at a spreading axis. The second plagiogranite group occurs in one intrusion that is chemically related to late-stage and off-axis boninitic lavas and dykes. One intrusion next to the Arakapas fault zone consists of incompatible element-enriched plagiogranites which are unrelated to any known mafic crustal rocks. The similarities of incompatible element ratios between plagiogranites, lavas and mafic plutonic rocks, the continuous chemical trends defined by plagiogranites and mafic rocks, as well as incompatible element modelling results, all suggest that shallow fractional crystallisation is the dominant process responsible for formation of the felsic magmas.  相似文献   

Visual data exploration for hydrological analysis   总被引：6，自引：6，他引：0  

Karsten Rink  Thomas Kalbacher  Olaf Kolditz 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,65(5):1395-1403

Hydrological research projects for integrated water resources management such as the IWAS initiative often accumulate large amounts of heterogeneous data from different sources. Given the number of partners taking part in such projects, surveying and accessing the available data sets, as well as searching for a defined subset, becomes increasingly difficult. We propose an integrated approach for a system combining visual data management and numerical simulation which allows to survey and select data sets based on keywords such as a region of interest or given indicators. An adequate 3D visualisation of such subsets helps to convey information and significantly supports the assessment of relations between different types of data. Furthermore, the interface between the visual data management system and finite element codes allows for the straightforward integration of information into the numerical simulation process and the subsequent visualisation of simulation results in a geographical context. We demonstrate typical workflows for integration and processing within the system based on data from the IWAS model region in Saudi Arabia and the TERENO Bode Observatory in the Harz Mountains in Germany. In addition, we present examples for data import and export based on established standard file formats.  相似文献   

Absence of oxygen isotope fractionation/exchange of (hemi-) cellulose derived sugars during litter decomposition     

Michael Zech  Roland A. WernerDieter Juchelka  Karsten KalbitzBjörn Buggle  Bruno Glaser 《Organic Geochemistry》2012,42(12):1470-1475

Aiming at developing a novel tool for palaeoclimate research, we recently proposed a new method for determining the oxygen isotope composition of monosaccharides (Zech, M., Glaser, B., 2009. Compound-specific δ¹⁸O analyses of neutral sugars in soils using GC-Py-IRMS: problems, possible solutions and a first application. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 23, 3522-3532). In order to answer the question whether isotope fractionation and oxygen exchange reactions during litter decomposition affect the climatically controlled δ¹⁸O values of plant derived sugars, such as for instance xylose and arabinose from hemicelluloses, we studied the compound specific δ¹⁸O values of five different litter species having been decomposed in a field litterbag experiment for 27 months.While δ¹⁸O values of bulk organic matter yielded a systematic ¹⁸O depletion of 3.3‰ (pine) to 4.6‰ (spruce) accompanying total cellulose decomposition of 51% (beech) to 86% (ash), δ¹⁸O values of individual sugars show no significant trend with time. In addition to the observed absence of isotope fractionation during decomposition, we also rule out ¹⁸O exchange reactions affecting the δ¹⁸O signature of sugar molecules during diagenetic processes as well as during analytical procedure based on experimental findings and on theoretical biochemical mechanistic considerations. We conclude that our new method may become an analytical tool that elegantly overcomes extraction, purity and hygroscopicity problems of previous ¹⁸O cellulose methods. It furthermore has the potential to be applied to a wide range of climate archives such as tree rings, lacustrine sediments and loess palaeosol sequences.  相似文献