南黄海陆架区15ka以来的古气候事件与环境演变   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

孟广兰  韩有松  王少青 《海洋与湖沼》1998,29(3):297-305

于１９８６－１９９４年间,陆续对南黄海７个柱状样品进行了孢粉分析研究,结合＾１４Ｃ测年数据,参考古地磁、热释光测年等分析资料,以其中３个主要岩芯剖面资料为代表,论述了南黄海陆架区１５ｋａ以来的古气候环境演变。结果表明,在第四纪末次冰期冰消期中,气候曾剧烈波动,并逐渐由晚冰期向冰后期过渡。这一演变特点与全球气候背景下的中国东部地理环境相关。同时识别出３个短期降温和两个升温事件：其中Ａ１亚带冷期出现在  相似文献   

Monsoon variability and chemical weathering during the late Pleistocene in the Goriganga basin, higher central Himalaya, India     

Steven P. Beukema  R.V. Krishnamurthy  N. Juyal  N. Basavaiah  A.K. Singhvi 《Quaternary Research》2011,75(3):597-604

Stable isotope analysis along with radiocarbon and luminescence dating of late Pleistocene lacustrine deposits at Burfu in the higher central Himalaya are used to interpret hydrologic changes in the lake basin. From 15.5 ka to ~ 14.5 ka the Burfu lake was largely fed by melting glaciers. A warming event at 14.5 ka suggests an enhanced monsoon and increased carbonate weathering. From ~ 13.5 ka to ~ 12.5 ka the isotopic data suggest large-amplitude climate variability. Following this, the isotope data suggest a short-lived, abrupt cooling event, comprising a ~ 300-yr intense cool period followed by a ~ 500-yr interval of moderate climate. A shift in isotope values at ~ 11.3 ka may signify a strengthening monsoon in this region. The inferred climatic excursions appear to be correlative, at least qualitatively, with global climatic events, and perhaps the Burfu lake sequence provides regional evidence of globally recorded excursions. This study also suggests a potential use of radiocarbon ages in specific environments as a paleoenvironmental proxy.  相似文献   

根管石地球化学研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

王超  葛璐  陈建生  赵智 《地质科学》2015,(4):1280-1292

根管石是高等植物的化石遗迹, 是陆地生态系统的敏感指示剂。根管石及其相关特征不仅证实了古土壤的存在并反映出古代陆地渗流环境的演化, 同时为研究古地理、古气候以及植物古生态提供了重要信息。近几十年来, 国际上对黄土-古土壤序列、海岸带和蒸发盐湖等环境中根管石的地球化学特征、成因和形成环境等已经进行了一系列研究并取得了一定的成果。本文总结了根管石的地球化学研究进展, 概括了不同环境中根管石的形态、矿物组成、碳氧同位素组成以及碳同位素定年等特征, 论述了根管石的形成过程及其对环境的指示意义。  相似文献   

The emerging terrestrial record of Aptian-Albian global change     

《Cretaceous Research》2015

The integration of terrestrial carbonate δ¹³C chemostratigraphy and radiometric dates is opening a new window into the continental paleoclimate dynamics of the major carbon cycle perturbations of the Aptian-Albian interval. Results published to date by many researchers clearly show that there was a tight temporal coupling between Aptian-Albian marine, atmospheric, and terrestrial carbon pools that now permits refined global chemostratigraphic and chronostratigraphic correlations on time scales of 10⁶ years or less. This development opens new opportunities to explore the Aptian-Albian Earth system by incorporating continental climate change dynamics in a developing global synthesis. In this paper, we present new U–Pb and U–Th/He age dates on a late Albian volcanic ash deposit in a stratigraphic section that fills a previous gap in in the terrestrial δ¹³C record. Here we also present, for the first time, coordinated δ¹³C_carbonate, δ¹⁸O_carbonate, and δ¹³C_organic data from stacked successions of paleosols in Aptian-Albian terrestrial strata of the Cedar Mountain Formation of Utah, USA. From the whole of this record, the late Aptian C10 C-isotope feature is especially noteworthy as an interval of major global change. Coordinated carbonate and organic carbon isotope data from this interval suggest that this positive carbon isotope excursion (CIE) was related to a buildup of atmospheric pCO₂ to a peak level of about 1200 ppmV over a period of several million years duration, above earlier Aptian baseline levels of about 1000 ppmV. The C10 interval was immediately preceded and followed by drawdowns in pCO₂ to levels of about 800 ppmV, and the entirety of the Aptian-Albian record from the Cedar Mountain Formation suggests a long-term fall of pCO₂ levels from about 1000 down to 600 ppmV. We suggest that the late Aptian buildup likely is related to submarine volcanic activity in the Kerguelen Large Igneous Province in the southern Indian Ocean. Strata of the C-10 C-isotope feature are also associated with sedimentary evidence for an aridification event in the leeward rain shadow of the Sevier Mountains. On the basis of diagenetic studies of dolomitized calcretes in this C10 interval, we calculate that the precipitation-evaporation deficit intensified to the extent that 35–50% of the shallow groundwater system was lost to the atmosphere through evaporation.  相似文献   

Facies,provenance and paleoclimate interpretation using spectral gamma logs: Application to the Lower Cretaceous of the Scotian Basin     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2014

Spectral gamma logging has been useful in some settings for correlation of wells, for identification of sediment facies, and for interpretation of hinterland paleoclimate. We have taken advantage of the hundreds of geochemical analyses of sandstones and shales from conventional core that are available from the Scotian Basin to test the relationship of the elements K, U and Th measured by spectral gamma to sedimentary facies. These elements are also known to be useful in characterising provenance of sediment to different parts of the basin. The geochemical and spectral gamma data both show that there are subtle differences in K, U and Th in different lithofacies, such as higher Th/U in low sedimentation rate facies, but they are not sufficiently distinctive to identify the lithofacies of any unknown interval. The main control on abundance of these elements is the effect of grain size, that is the proportion of sand to mud in sediment. Volcanic sources have a high K/Th ratio, and early Albian sediments with relatively high volcanic component have unusually high K/Th. In distal shale-prone successions, the grain size effect is sufficiently small that climate controlled variations in Th/K ratio are recognised in the Early Cretaceous, with the ratio being higher at times of humid weathering on land. The variations in Th/K ratio through time are broadly similar to those known from Western European sections, notably with topmost Hauterivian and topmost Aptian humid events. Overall, this study provides an assessment of the use and pitfalls of spectral gamma logs in a deltaic succession.  相似文献   

利用钻孔温度梯度重建过去气候变化进展     

刘佳  张廷军 《地球科学进展》2013,28(4):429-446

地球表面的温度信号向地下传播并影响地下温度剖面,这种温度剖面可从钻孔中测量,通过分析可重建过去表面温度变化.虽然认识到表面温度变化对地下温度和热流的影响已有很长时间,但仅在20世纪80年代以后钻孔温度剖面才被广泛应用于气候变化研究.钻孔气候方法与其他重建过去气候的近似方法不同,因为它是基于温度剖面测量与过去气候,即地表温度(GST)、重构参数的直接物理联系之上的.钻孔温度气候研究方法已被证实可以重建过去地表温度趋势,并且最终可结合表面气温序列估计其预观测平均值(POMs).钻孔温度剖面并不是地表温度的代用指标,而是地球大陆表面能量平衡的直接测量.这种地下的信号通过热扩散衰减非常快,因而对从地下温度测量数据中提取过去气候变化信息的方法施加了一个物理限制.描述由钻孔中测量的温度—深度剖面来重建GST历史的基本特征及问题.  相似文献   

Luminescence chronology of the inland sand dunes from SE India     

Dontireddy Venkat Reddy  Vuddaraju Singaraju  Rakesh Mishra  Devender Kumar  Puthusserry Joseph Thomas  Karra Kameshwa Rao  Ashok Kumar Singhvi 《Quaternary Research》2013

Records of past climate changes have been preserved variously on the earth's surface. Sand dunes are one such prominent imprint, and it is suggested that their presence is an indicator of periods of transition from arid to less arid phases. We report inland sand dunes from Andhra Pradesh (SE India) spread over an area of ~ 500 km², ~ 75 km inland from the east coast. The dune sands are examined to understand their provenance, transportation, timing of sand aggradation and their relationship to past climates. The dune distribution, grain morphology and the grain-size studies on sands suggest an aeolian origin. Physiography of the study area, heavy mineral assemblage, and abundance of quartz in the parent rocks indicate that the dune sands are largely derived from first-order streams emanating from hills in the region and from weathering of the Nellore schist belt. It appears that the geomorphology and wind direction pattern both facilitated and restricted the dune aggradation and preservation to a limited area. OSL dating of 47 dune samples ranged from the present to ~ 50 ka, thereby suggesting a long duration of sand-dune aggradation and/or reworking history.  相似文献   

A snapshot into the terrestrial ecosystem of an exceptionally well-preserved dinosaur (Hadrosauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous of North Dakota,USA     

《Cretaceous Research》2013

A palynological investigation of sedimentary rocks enclosing an exceptionally well-preserved fossil dinosaur (Hadrosauridae) discovered in the upper part of the Hell Creek Formation in south western North Dakota was conducted in order to document the immediate paleoenvironment of this dinosaur. The specimen, an Edmontosaurus annectens is remarkable in having exceptional three-dimensional preservation of soft tissue around the skeleton, indicating rapid burial. A well-preserved palynological assemblage dominated by fern and bryophyte spores, with lesser gymnosperm and angiosperm pollen was recovered. Sparse fresh-water algae and marine dinoflagellate cysts were also recorded. The palynofacies is dominated by wood fragments, including charcoal, with little amorphous organic matter. The presence of some typical pollen taxa of the Wodehouseia spinata Assemblage Zone including Striatellipollis striatellus, Tricolpites microreticulatus, Leptopecopites pocockii as well as a diverse suite of Aquilapollenites, is fully consistent with a Late Cretaceous (late Maastrichtian) age. The palynoflora indicates a local vegetation composed of a canopy of conifers dominated by Pinaceae and a minor sub-canopy of Taxodium and cycads, as well as an understory of hydrophilous ferns, mosses and herbaceous angiosperms, indicative of a warm and humid climate – an environment where this specific hadrosaur roamed over 66 million years ago.  相似文献   

Paleoclimatic implications of hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of Cretaceous–Tertiary kaolins in the Douala Sub-Basin,Cameroon     

Nenita Bukalo  Georges-Ivo Ekosse  John Odiyo  Jason Ogola 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2019,351(1):17-26

Increased interest in paleoenvironmental studies is a result of climatic changes occurring at present and predicted for the future. Such studies could be done using the stable isotope compositions (δ²H and δ¹⁸O) of kaolins, which provide knowledge on the paleoenvironmental conditions prevailing during the time of kaolinisation. In this study, the stable isotopic compositions of clay-size fraction of kaolins occurring in Cretaceous and Tertiary Formations of the Douala Sub-Basin in Cameroon are presented, with the aim of reconstructing the paleoenvironmental conditions of the Sub-Basin. To achieve this, the clay-size fraction (< 2 μm fraction) of 8 kaolinite-rich samples were analysed for their δ²H and δ¹⁸O compositions, and results were reported as part per mil (‰) relative to the SMOW standard. The δ¹⁸O values of kaolins found in the Cretaceous–Tertiary Formations of the Douala Sub-Basin varied between +18.2 and +21.0‰, whereas the δ²H values varied between –69 and –53‰. Nine of the eleven samples plotted on the right of the supergene–hypogene line. Five of these nine samples plotted very close to the kaolinite line, which represents the composition of kaolinite in equilibrium with meteoric water at 20 °C; suggesting a supergene weathering origin of these kaolins. The determination of the temperature of kaolinisation yielded mean formation temperatures of 22 ± 2 °C and 27 ± 6 °C for Cretaceous and Tertiary kaolins, respectively. Excluding the two samples falling in the hypogene field, averages of kaolinisation temperatures were 20 and 25 °C during the Cretaceous and Tertiary periods, respectively. These temperatures are slightly below the present mean annual temperature in Douala (27 °C), thereby suggesting that the climate was becoming warmer from the Cretaceous to the Present. Therefore, Douala had a cooler and rainy climate during the Cretaceous, and the climate is gradually becoming hotter and more humid, favouring the refinement of existing kaolins and the kaolinisation of kaolin-forming minerals in the Sub-Basin.  相似文献   

东准卡姆斯特地区中侏罗—渐新世古气候环境分析及对砂岩型铀矿的影响     

孙潇  王国荣  王果  鲁克改 《新疆地质》2019,(2):242-246

砂岩型铀矿属沉积盆地内表生水渗入成矿类型,古气候条件、沉积环境对含矿建造的形成、后生改造及铀元素的富集成矿等具重要影响。本次研究主要对该区内多个钻孔不同层位、不同颜色岩石系统采样测试,据测试结果对卡姆斯特地区不同地质时期岩石地球化学特征及古气候条件、沉积环境进行研究,并探讨古气候条件对该区铀元素迁移富集的影响。本次共采取234件侏罗—新近系岩石样品,开展常、微量元素分析、有机碳含量分析及粘土矿物相对含量分析。结果表明,从中侏罗世西山窑期至古近纪中晚期研究区气候总体为温湿-干旱,中侏罗世头屯河期早期沿袭了温湿气候,后期逐渐向干旱转变,为一个气候过渡期,有利于卡姆斯特地区与氧化带相关铀成矿作用的发育。  相似文献