Theoretical analysis and simulation for avoiding antenna oscillations without distributed resistance     

Gonzalo Garcia  Jos A. Uribe  David Ulloa  Rodrigo Zamora  Gino Casassa 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2009,67(4):374

The so-called Wu and King antenna pattern is widely used in GPR because of its simple design and construction features. The main disadvantage is its limited efficiency due to transmitter energy losses which occur through lumped resistors. Based on the analysis of the electromagnetic field behaviour across the antenna, it is possible to replace the effect of the resistors by either storing the energy of the electric pulses, or damp them by means of one matched resistor, which will theoretically improve the efficiency of the antenna. In this paper we provide a theoretical analysis using a modified transmission line model together with simulation based on delayed potentials among other electromagnetic software, and measurement results using an impulse transmitter with fast MOSFET switches and a matched resistor that support this idea.  相似文献   

含裂缝地层的过套管电阻率测井响应特征研究          下载免费PDF全文

刘福平  刘晓博  王安玲  刘华群  游福成  杨长春 《地球物理学报》2017,60(2):851-861

由于石油压裂开采等开发措施的实施,会使在套管周围存在着许多被油气等高阻流体填充的微裂缝.尽管这些裂缝或孔隙可能很小,但对套管井电阻率测量会有非常大的影响,甚至会改变原地层的电阻率测井特征,因此裂缝测井响应的计算及考察对过套管电阻率测井十分重要.为解决裂缝测井响应的计算问题,本文提出了计算等效电阻的电流通量管模型,利用该电流通量管模型给出了含垂直裂缝地层横向电阻的计算方法,基于传输线方程法及地层电阻的过套管测量方法实现了含裂缝地层的过套管电阻率测井响应的数值计算,通过计算实例考察了地层裂缝对过套管电阻率测井响应的影响.算例表明:裂缝中的高阻流体对地层视电阻率测量结果会有较大的影响;环形裂隙比垂直裂缝有更大的电阻率测井响应.本文的研究为解决微裂缝过套管电阻率测井响应的计算这一关键技术问题提供了一种可行的计算与考察方法.  相似文献   

天然气——21世纪的能源   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

史斗 《地球科学进展》1998,13(3):251-260

天然气是一种生态型能源或理想的城市能源。综述了世纪之交的全球天然气工业发展状况,包括储量的增长、输气管道的延长、液化天然气厂的发展和天然气利用技术的进步。介绍了有关国家的天然气利用法规和政策。预测了21世纪全世界天然气供需趋势。论述了为什么说天然气是21世纪的能源。指出了当前和未来全球天然气工业面临的挑战。  相似文献   

NI4472在海洋噪声和传播损失测量中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

崔华义  周长兴 《海洋技术学报》2003,22(3):74-75

利用NI公司的高性能数据采集板NI4472来进一步改善海洋噪声和传播损失的测量情况。  相似文献   

莫桑比克非鲫卵壳膜形成的电镜观察   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王爱民 《海洋与湖沼》1994,25(4):385-389

于1986年9－12月对取自湖北省水产研究所实验鱼网箱中的莫桑比克非鲫，运用透射电镜观察卵子发生中印壳膜的形成过程。结果表明，随着卵母细胞的生长，在卵母细胞和颗粒细胞之间先后出现3层结构，即Z1，Z2和Z3；初步确定：Z1可能由颗粒细胞分泌形成，z2和z3由印母细胞分泌形成，最终z1，z2和Z3融为一体成为卵壳膜。对印亮膜的结构特征及其与特殊的生殖习性——衔卵孵化的关系的分析认为，衔卵孵化导致卵壳膜的厚度降低。  相似文献   

Transmission of obliquely incident waves at low-crested breakwaters: Theoretical interpretations of experimental observations     

Baoxing Wang  Ashwini K. Otta  Andrew J. Chadwick 《Coastal Engineering》2007

The paper presents a series of analytical and numerical investigations of oblique wave transmission at low-crested breakwaters. For a smooth breakwater, two important features of wave height and direction are analyzed to establish the generic nature of the wave transmission process at oblique incidence. The proposed framework of research is validated against laboratory data from the EU-sponsored project, DELOS. The numerical simulations exhibit a significant decrease of the transmission coefficient with increasingly oblique incidence at a smooth breakwater. The roles of wave-breaking, nonlinearity, wave-induced currents and set-up in determining the characteristics of oblique wave transmission are demonstrated in the paper. It is found that both the amplitude-dependent phase velocity and the decrease of mean wave period contribute to the change of mean wave direction on the transmission side. An attempt has also been made to qualitatively explain the different behaviour of oblique wave transmission at a rubble-mound breakwater.  相似文献   

Damping long waves by a multi-channel structure     

Sheng-Wen Twu  Cheng-Chi Liou 《Ocean Engineering》2003,30(3):351-367

In this paper, a multi-channel structure was developed to attenuate waves with various wave periods. By ignoring energy losses and the factor of channel width, a simple and straightforward method was used to tackle this problem. The theoretical solution showed that a single reflected channel structure could attenuate waves of a certain wave period, while a multi-channel structure could attenuate waves with various wave periods. If an interval of 0.05<relative water depth<0.15 is concerned, a structure consisting of four reflected channels could provide a transmission coefficient of less than 0.2. Experimental tests were conducted to verify the theoretical solutions. Both theoretical solution and experimental data indicated that waves with various wave periods would be effectively attenuated after passing through the multi-channel structure. Although some factors are neglected in treating this problem, the method is applicable. An allowed transmission coefficient can be provided by a multi-channel structure only if the computed peak value is not larger than that value.  相似文献   

湖北2015年冬季PM_2.5重污染过程的气象输送条件及日变化特征分析     

白永清  祁海霞  赵天良  杨浩  刘琳  崔春光 《气象学报》2018,76(5):803-815

PM_2.5污染仍然是湖北省冬季大气污染的首要污染类型,且具有明显区域传输特征,重污染过程的空气污染气象条件有别于华北地区,值得关注。采用WRF/Chem不同排放情景下的模拟结果,并结合观测分析,研究了2015年12月—2016年1月湖北省PM_2.5重污染过程的气象输送条件及日变化特征,从大尺度输送条件和局地边界层动力作用分析了外来污染物水平传输、悬浮聚集和向下传输的过程,并解释了该地区观测到的午后PM_2.5浓度特殊峰值的气象成因。结果表明,湖北重污染爆发以区域传输为主,地面观测PM_2.5极值对应10 m风速可达8—10 m/s,边界层0—1 km为较强偏北风输送,污染传输通量极值位于400 m高度附近,为重要传输通道,低空无明显逆温,重污染过程具有“非静稳”边界层气象特征。重污染形成的大尺度输送条件为,长江中下游及北部地区偏北风异常偏强,南部地区风速减缓,使污染物在中游平原堆积,鄂北边界风速越大,越有利污染输送增长。传输性污染主要来自偏北和东北方向的污染源输送,潜在源区贡献主要为途经偏北通道上的豫中、南阳盆地和关中地区,以及途经东北通道上的鲁、皖、苏等部分地区。PM_2.5浓度日变化双峰结构的天气成因不同,21—24时（北京时）峰值为静稳性污染,11—14时峰值为传输性污染。污染输送受大气边界层高度影响,日出前大气边界层高度较低,层结稳定并伴有上升运行,使得低空外来输送悬浮聚集在400 m高度附近;日出后随大气边界层高度升高,静稳层结被破坏,在干沉降作用下高浓度PM_2.5开始向下传输,并在午后地面形成峰值。   相似文献   

中国对虾育苗期球形病毒的感染及垂直传播途径的初步探讨   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

汝少国  姜明  李永祺  马英杰 《海洋与湖沼》1999,30(3):255-260

１９９４－１９９５年山东文登市高岛盐厂对虾育苗池和养虾池,随机和定点采集中国对虾的卵,无节幼体,蚤状幼体,糠虾幼体,仔虾及幼虾,成虾样品,利用透射电子显微镜对其进行病毒的检测。结果表明,卵细胞中含有大量的卵黄,没有明显的细胞分化,卵细胞质中有球形病毒感染;无节幼体的肝胰腺和上皮细胞的分化程度较低,有大量球形病毒分布;糠虾幼体已有明显的肝胰腺和上皮细胞的分化,肝胰腺上皮细胞的胞质中发现有球形病毒包涵  相似文献   

Wave energy transmission system concepts for linear generator arrays     

Karin Thorburn  Hans Bernhoff  Mats Leijon 《Ocean Engineering》2004,31(11-12):1339-1349

Wave energy is a renewable source, which has so far not been exploited widely. Many of the various schemes in the past consist of large mechanical structures, often located near the sea surface. This article presents a range of systems with point absorbers on the surface and linear generators placed on the seabed, converting the wave motion into electrical power. Electrical power components are combined in different ways to obtain solutions suitable for various conditions. Different topologies for the electrical system transmitting power to the grid are discussed. Qualitative case studies are used to exemplify system options and connection schemes.  相似文献