中国区域土壤水蚀碳量空间分布及其时间动态     

高艳妮  方华军  于贵瑞  王绍强 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2011,(3):210-216

本文利用三次全国土壤侵蚀遥感普查数据和第二次土壤普查土壤有机碳和无机碳密度数据,分析了我国土壤水蚀碳量的空间分布及其时间动态。研究结果表明：我国土壤水蚀碳量为74.61Tg C y^-1,其中有机碳量51.49Tg C y^-1,无机碳量23.12Tg C y^-1。在七大水土流失区中,水蚀有机碳量最多的是西南岩溶区,占总水蚀有机碳量的26.48%;水蚀无机碳量最多的是黄土高原区,占总水蚀无机碳量的67.62%。前者以中度水蚀为主,后者以极强度和强度水蚀为主。80年代中期至90年代中期,我国土壤水蚀碳量共减少了11.66Tg C y^-1,以有机碳迁移量减少为主,占总减少量的81.93%;90年代中期至21世纪初,土壤水蚀碳量依然呈下降趋势,共减少了1.65Tg C y^-1,其中,有机碳迁移量减少了1.514Tg C y^-1,无机碳迁移量减少了0.134Tg C y^-1。  相似文献   

面向对象影像多尺度分割最大异质性参数估计     

马燕妮  明冬萍  杨海平 《遥感学报》2017,21(4):566-578

多尺度分割是遥感影像分析的关键步骤,影像分割过程中的尺度参数选择直接关系到面向对象影像分析的质量和精度。首先,总结了面向对象影像分析中尺度概念的内涵,分析遥感影像空间和属性两大基本特征,依据空间统计和光谱统计获得理论上最优的空间尺度分割参数、属性尺度分割参数。其次,运用了基于谱空间统计的高分辨率影像分割尺度估计方法,分析了分形网络演化多尺度分割与影像谱空间统计特征的关系,进而将基于谱空间统计的面向对象影像分析尺度参数应用于分形网络演化多尺度分割算法中,最后,对其参数的合理性进行验证。研究采用高空间分辨率IKONOS和SPOT 5影像数据,选择建筑实验区和农田实验区进行空间和光谱特征统计,以进一步估计分割中的最佳尺度参数。使用分形网络演化方法对图像进行分割,利用监督分类对本文提出的尺度估计方法进行验证,验证结果表明尺度估计方法可以一定程度上保证后续的面向对象影像分类的精度。不同于以往分割后评价的尺度选择方法会需要大量的运算量,本文方法不需要先验知识的参与,且在分割前就可以自适应地估计出相对较为合适的尺度参数,提高了面向对象信息提取的自动化程度。  相似文献   

Exposure age chronology of the last glaciation in the eastern Pyrenees   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Magali Delmas  Yanni Gunnell  Régis Braucher  Didier Bourlès 《Quaternary Research》2008,69(2):231-241

We present a chronology of ice recession in the eastern Pyrenees based on in situ-produced ¹⁰Be data obtained from the Têt paleoglacier complex. The sampling strategy is based on the relative chronology provided by a detailed geomorphological map of glacial landforms. Results indicate that the last maximum ice advance occurred late (i.e., during Marine Isotope Stage 2) compared to the chronology currently established for the rest of the Pyrenees. Despite debatable evidence for a glacial readvance during the Oldest Dryas stade, ice-cap melt-out was rapid, residual cirque glaciers having disappeared by the Allerød interstade. This is consistent both with North Atlantic excursions established by the Greenland ice cores and paleoenvironmental data for the region. The rapid response of the east-Pyrenean ice cap to temperature variations is primarily linked to its small size compared to larger Pyrenean ice fields, to the dry Mediterranean climate, and to topography-related nonlinearities in which a small vertical rise in equilibrium line altitude generates a large change in ice mass. Possible sources of age uncertainty are discussed in the context of sampling design for single-nuclide (¹⁰Be) dating of landform sequences in formerly glaciated landscapes.  相似文献   

Variability of Quaternary glacial erosion rates – A global perspective with special reference to the Eastern Pyrenees     

Magali Delmas  Marc Calvet  Yanni Gunnell 《Quaternary Science Reviews》2009,28(5-6):484-498

Glaciers erode bedrock but are also efficient conveyors of debris supplied during a cycle of glaciation by processes other than basal erosion. In this dual capacity as both an eroding and a transporting agent lies the ambiguity of ‘glacial erosion’ as a geomorphic process, with implications for methods of measuring the removal of rock mass by glaciers in the geological past, and for interpreting what exactly the consequences have been on topography and elevation change. A global review of ～400 Quaternary glacial denudation rates estimated from five different measurement techniques provides values ranging between 10^?4 and 10 mm yr^?1. We investigate the causes of such wide variability by examining the respective influences of environmental setting and methodological bias. A reference frame chosen for assessing these issues is the Massif du Carlit (Pyrenees, France), where a quantified mass balance of the well preserved glacial, periglacial and paraglacial deposits was made possible by detailed geomorphological mapping and terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide dating of extant erosional and depositional landform sequences. Resulting age brackets helped to define three main episodes of ice-cap growth and decline, each characterized by a volume of debris and a mappable source area. Erosion rates were expressed in two ways: (i) as spatially averaged denudation rates (D) during the successive stages of glacial advance to the line of maximum ice extent (MIE), post-MIE ice recession, and Lateglacial cirque readvance, respectively; and (ii) as cirque-wall recession rates (R) where moraine facies criteria indicated a supraglacial provenance of debris. Results indicate low erosion (D ≈ 0.05 mm yr^?1) during the ice advance phase, probably because of thin or passive ice covering the low-gradient subglacial topography that occurs just above the late Pleistocene equilibrium line altitude (2.2–2.4 km). Erosion rates peaked (D ≈ 0.6 mm yr^?1 and R ≈ 2.4–4.5 mm yr^?1) during the main transition to ice-free conditions, when deglacial debuttressing promoted the rapid response of freshly exposed slope systems to new equilibrium conditions in the steep crest zone. Lateglacial D- and R-values declined to 0.2–0.3 mm yr^?1, with indications of spatially variable R controlled by lithology. In this environment glaciers overall behaved more as conveyors of debris supplied by supraglacial rock exposures in the mountain crest zone than as powerful modifiers of subglacial topography. This explains the widespread preservation of deep, in situ preglacial weathering profiles on relict Cenozoic land surfaces in the deglacierized part of the Eastern Pyrenees. When plotted on the global data set analyzed and discussed in the review, the East Pyrenean erosion rates stand out as being amongst the lowest on record.  相似文献   

雨生红球藻的信号物质   总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14  

孙艳妮  殷明炎  刘建国 《海洋湖沼通报》2001,(3):22-28

以单细胞雨生红球藻为材料，在室内通气培养条件下，研究了经该藻处理过的培养液内是否存在对细胞生长或转化产生影响的信号物质。对比研究结果表明，处理过的旧液明显不利于红球藻游动细胞生长，但有利于不动细胞增加。预显着旧液中可能存在着降低游动细胞生长、同时还促使游动细胞向不动细胞转化的信号物质。旧液中该信号物质的多少与原来处理旧液的藻细胞密度有密切关系，密度越大信号物质越多，对细胞生长和转化的作用也越强。  相似文献   

PC104嵌入式模块技术研究及在地学观测仪器设计中的应用>.   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

滕云田  张炼  王彦  刘晓芹  马延妮 《地震学报》2002,24(4):421-427

简单讨论了当前地学观测仪器设计中普遍使用的各种微处理器，并详细介绍了嵌入式PC104模块的特点和功能，揭示了该模块在观测仪器设计中具有较好的适用性和优点．通过对PC104模块各应用技术的具体研究，实现了PC104模块在磁通门磁力仪、地震数据采集器、GPS定位导航设备的实际应用设计．   相似文献   

磁通门磁力仪在野外安装的实施方案     

杜斌  安明智  林洋  卢婷  袁燕妮  胡德军  陈学芬 《地震地磁观测与研究》2008,29(6):154-160

“十五”期间,我国分别在四川西昌、甘肃天祝和重庆三峡地区架设地磁台阵3个,约27个台点。密集型地磁台阵野外架设条件要求相对较高,在我国尚无完整可靠方案供参考。笔者依靠四川西昌台阵建设实际情况,进行野外模拟实验安装,对安装中的材料、方法和注意事项进行了分析,初步形成了一套较为实用的架设方法。  相似文献   

基于RULSE的江淮生态经济区水土流失量分析     

柴燕妮  张浩  钱梦茹 《测绘与空间地理信息》2021,44(11):66-69,72

江淮生态经济区拥有独特的生态资源优势,是江苏省"1+3"重点功能区战略的重要组成部分,且在新时期,江苏发展中的地位不断凸显,作为省级生态重点建设区,了解区域内的水土流失状况至关重要.本文基于修正通用水土流失方程RULSE,结合地理国情数据,从时空视角对2015—2018年江淮生态经济区的水土流失情况进行评估分析,得到以下主要结论:1)近几年来,江淮生态经济区西部地区水土流失强度高于东部地区,但整体上处于微度和轻度侵蚀状态;2)2015—2018年,江淮生态经济区微度侵蚀水土流失面积增加,轻度侵蚀以上水土流失面积减少,除宿豫区外,其他区县中度侵蚀以上水土流失面积均呈减少状态,总体上呈现好转的趋势.  相似文献   

The drivers and spatial distribution of economic efficiency in China’s cities     

Cao  Yanni  Wu  Tong  Kong  Lingqiao  Wang  Xuezhi  Zhang  Lufeng  Ouyang  Zhiyun 《地理学报(英文版)》2022,32(8):1427-1450

Journal of Geographical Sciences - This study analyzes cities in China at the prefecture level and above to calculate indices for “urban economic efficiency” (the relationship between...  相似文献   

太湖有色可溶性有机物(CDOM)对COD及BOD₅的指示意义     

陈慧敏  俞晓琴  朱俊羽  李宇阳  郭燕妮  周永强  韩龙飞 《湖泊科学》2021,33(5):1376-1388

化学需氧量(COD)、五日生化需氧量(BOD_5)及溶解性有机碳(DOC)是指示湖泊水质的重要指标,然而上述指标测定通常耗费大量时间、试剂及人力物力且排放大量有害废液.有色可溶性有机物(CDOM)是溶解性有机物(DOM)中可以强烈吸收光谱中的紫外光和可见光的部分,数据测定耗时短、方便快捷,且样品处理过程环境友好,能在很大程度上反映湖泊水质.本研究基于2016年2、5和8月在太湖均匀布设的32个采样点进行样品采集,运用光谱吸收与三维荧光-平行因子分析(EEMs-PARAFAC)探究太湖CDOM的光谱吸收和荧光组分,探讨CDOM光谱指标对湖泊BOD_5、COD及DOC浓度等湖泊环境质量指标的可替代性.结果表明:(1)运用EEMs-PARAFAC方法解析出3种荧光组分:类腐殖酸C1、类酪氨酸C2和类色氨酸C3.(2) COD和BOD_5和DOC在空间上呈现出相似的分布趋势,不同水期的最高值均出现在竺山湾和梅梁湾,由西北湖区至中部敞水区、东南湖湾递减.(3)在不同水期,COD、BOD_5、DOC浓度和C1组分均表现为丰水期极显著大于枯水期和平水期,a_(254)在丰、平、枯水期间无显著性差异,最大值出现在丰水期;C2与C3组分均在枯水期和平水期极显著大于丰水期.(4)在不同水文时期,COD、BOD_5和DOC浓度均与a_(254)、类腐殖酸C1呈显著正相关,丰水期太湖COD、BOD_5和DOC浓度与CDOM光谱指标的线性相关性要优于枯水期和平水期.(5) CDOM光谱指标在不同水文时期均能很好地替代COD、BOD_5和DOC等作为反映太湖水体中有机物污染程度及湖泊水质的指标.  相似文献