Magnetotelluric image of the crust and upper mantle in the backarc of the northwestern Argentinean Andes   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Pamela Lezaeta  Miguel Muñoz  Heinrich Brasse 《Geophysical Journal International》2000,142(3):841-854

Magnetotelluric data from the backarc of the Central Andes in NW Argentinawere re-examined by employing impedance tensor decomposition and 2-D inversion and modelling techniques. The data in the period range of 50–15 000 s were collected on a profile of 220 km length reaching from the Eastern Cordillera across the Santa Barbara System to the Andean foreland of the Argentinean Chaco.
After a dimensionality analysis, data from most sites were treated as regional 2-D. The exception was the eastern section of the profile, where the magnetotelluric transfer functions for periods ≤ 1000 s reflect a 3-D earth. Application of two tensor decomposition schemes yielded a regional strike direction of N–S, which is the azimuth of the Central Andean mountain chains. Several 2-D models were obtained by pseudo- and full 2-D Occam inversion schemes. Special emphasis was placed on the inversion of phase data to reduce the influence of static shifts in the apparent resistivity data. The smooth inversion models all show a good conductor at depth. A final model was then calculated using a finite element forward algorithm.
The most prominent feature of the resulting model is a conductor which rises from depths of 180 km below the Chaco region to 80 km beneath the Santa Barbara System and the Eastern Cordillera. Its interpretation as a rise of the electrical asthenosphere is supported by seismic attenuation studies. Magnetotelluric results, surface heat-flow distribution in the area, and the electrical properties of crustal and mantle rocks suggest that the upper mantle is predominantly ductile beneath the Eastern Cordillera and the western Santa Barbara System. This generally agrees with anelastic seismic attenuation models of the area and is useful in discriminating between models of Q quality factor distribution.  相似文献   

江南造山带西段新元古代超基性岩体年代学和岩石地球化学研究及其对源区的约束          下载免费PDF全文

寇彩化  刘燕学  李廷栋  何万双  张恒  丁孝忠  陆济璞 《岩石矿物学杂志》2016,35(6):947-964

本文研究对象为江南造山带西段湘西通道地区长界橄榄辉石岩。长界橄榄辉石岩锆石LA ICP-MS U-Pb加权平均年龄为701±11 Ma。长界橄榄辉石岩主要由单斜辉石、橄榄石和少量斜长石以及少量钛铁氧化物组成,指示在岩浆形成过程中单斜辉石、橄榄石和少量斜长石为主要分离结晶相。全岩具有低SiO_2(44.01%~47.72%)、Al_2O_3(6.77%~9.10%)、TiO_2(0.49%~0.75%)和全碱(Na_2O+K_2O=0.07%~2.04%)含量,而高MgO(23.97%~30.70%)含量的特征,岩石属于亚碱性拉斑玄武岩系列。长界橄榄辉石岩稀土元素总量(∑REE)较低,为25.7×10-6~55.6×10~(-6),全岩稀土和微量元素标准化图解与洋岛玄武岩(OIB)相似,具有富集轻稀土元素[(La/Yb)N为3.36~6.48]和富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)的特点,同时还显示出"弧岩浆"的地球化学性质,明显的Nb-Ta负异常,较高的Th/Nb值(0.52~0.81)和较低的Nb/La值(0.25~0.44)以及低Nb(1.11×10~(-6)~3.91×10~(-6))的特征。长界橄榄辉石岩具有高初始(87Sr/86Sr)i值(0.707 206~0.708 561)和正的εNd(t)值(0.25~0.41)。微量元素模拟结果表明,长界橄榄辉石岩起源于尖晶石相,其源区为受来自俯冲消减板片脱水或熔融形成的流体或熔体的交代的软流圈地幔,是软流圈地幔上涌并发生低度部分熔融的产物(4%~7%)。结合区域地质特征,推测长界橄榄辉石岩的形成可能与700 Ma时期江南造山带西段裂谷作用导致软流圈物质上涌并发生熔融有关。  相似文献   

软流圈气体压力和洋板自重驱动海底扩张     

王智培 《大地测量与地球动力学》1995,(1)

基于地幔软流圈不断产生高温气体的事实和气体压力随密度和温度而变的特性，提出：洋板（海洋岩石圈部分）随其下高温气体积聚增压而逐渐上隆，最后会从弯张应力最大的中部断裂并弹性回缩；熔岩随气体喷出楔入裂缝，使洋板保持拱隆状并使其下气体压力骤降；洋板因自重下沉并产生巨大推力，使相邻大陆向两旁分离或将洋板边缘推入软流圈而熔融；楔入的熔岩形成新洋板和密闭条件使高能气体又重新积聚，旧洋板向两旁推移。这一过程的往复进行即形成海底扩张和大陆漂移。并认为陆板（大陆岩石圈部分）薄化是使其分裂而开始海底扩张的原因。由概化力学模型进行验算所得的洋脊隆起高度、洋脊隆起形状、洋脊在水平面上的分布规律和海底扩张的运动规律等，都与实际情况相符。  相似文献   

大兴安岭北部佳疙瘩组洋岛型玄武岩的发现及地质意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

孙立新任邦方  王若虹王树庆 李艳锋 《中国地质》2014,41(4):1178-1189

大兴安岭北部奇乾一带的新元古界佳疙瘩组上部由灰黑色致密枕状玄武岩、含气孔-杏仁状构造的枕状玄武岩夹灰黑色粉砂质板岩、绿泥片岩和灰色薄层大理岩化灰岩组成。枕状玄武岩由斜长石、辉石、绿泥石等组成。地球化学特征表明,岩石为富钠碱性玄武岩,稀土元素总量较高∑REE为107.71×10~(-6)~127×10~(-6),轻稀土富集LREE/HREE为5.15~5.56,(La/Yb)_N为4.44~5.18,δEu=0.86~1.08,稀土元素配分曲线为右倾型。微量元素与MORB相比,富集Ti,Sr、K、Rb、Ba等不相容元素,Y、Yb含量略低于MORB,Y、Yb相对亏损。构造环境判别显示该枕状熔岩形成于大洋板内洋岛环境,佳疙瘩组洋岛玄武岩的发现标志着此时已经有成熟的大洋壳形成;综合玄武岩的地质地球化学特征,认为其源区来自软流圈地幔或与地幔柱组分有关。  相似文献   

Magmatic and geodynamic evolution of Urumieh–Dokhtar basic volcanism,Central Iran: major,trace element,isotopic, and geochronologic implications     

《International Geology Review》2012,54(6):767-786

Basic volcanic rocks from the West Nain area of the Urumieh–Dokhtar Magmatic Assemblage demonstrate significant subduction-related geochemical characteristics; these along with the new age data obtained for the volcanic rocks shed new light on the geodynamic evolution of the Iranian segment of Alpine–Himalayan orogeny. The late Oligocene (26.5 Ma) high-Nb basic volcanic rocks are likely to represent a transient rather enriched asthenospheric mantle underlying the otherwise dominantly Eocene–early Oligocene West Nain island arc. Lithospheric mantle geochemical signatures of the low-Zr volcanic rocks (20.6 Ma) and high-Th volcanic rocks (19.7 Ma) imply replacement of the underlying mantle. The substitution of asthenospheric mantle by a lithospheric mantle wedge might have been associated with – or perhaps caused by – an increase in the subduction rate. Culmination of the West Nain magmatism into slab melting that produced the early Miocene (18.7 Ma) adakitic rocks is compatible with subsequent ascent that triggered slab decompression melting.  相似文献   

汾渭裂谷系与造山带耦合关系及其形成机制研究   总被引：19，自引：3，他引：16  

邢作云  赵斌  涂美义  邢集善 《地学前缘》2005,12(2):247-262

试图运用盆山耦合等地学理论,对汾渭裂谷系进行初步的定量半定量研究。认为在区域拉张应力场作用下,汾渭裂谷系为盆山耦合形成,其形成模型为“伸展造山,断陷沉盆,后推成台”;运用盆内沉积与造山带剥蚀量互补法、地震剖面拟合法、裂变径迹法等计算方法对其进行计算的结果表明,铲式断裂一侧造山带隆升与盆地下沉呈完全镜像对称关系。同时对大同一带新生代玄武岩特征进行了分析,认为软流圈上涌是该带玄武岩喷发的根源,并通过对该区地震层析和大地电磁测深的剖析,推断汾渭裂谷系主体形成机制应为被动机制,而其北部的桑干河断陷形成机制则为主动机制。此外,对汾渭裂谷系的地热资源及地震震中分布规律等进行了探讨。  相似文献   

Garnet-bearing Xenoliths from Salt Lake Crater, Oahu, Hawaii: High-Pressure Fractional Crystallization in the Oceanic Mantle     

Keshav  Shantanu; Sen  Gautam; Presnall  Dean C. 《Journal of Petrology》2007,48(9):1681-1724

The focus of this study is a suite of garnet-bearing mantlexenoliths from Oahu, Hawaii. Clinopyroxene, olivine, and garnetconstitute the bulk of the xenoliths, and orthopyroxene is presentin small amounts. Clinopyroxene has exsolved orthopyroxene,spinel, and garnet. Many xenoliths also contain spinel-coredgarnets. Olivine, clinopyroxene, and garnet are in major elementchemical equilibrium with each other; large, discrete orthopyroxenedoes not appear to be in major-element chemical equilibriumwith the other minerals. Multiple compositions of orthopyroxeneoccur in individual xenoliths. The new data do not support theexisting hypothesis that all the xenoliths formed at 1 6–22GPa, and that the spinel-cored garnets formed as a consequenceof almost isobaric subsolidus cooling of a spinel-bearing assemblage.The lack of olivine or pyroxenes in the spinel–garnetreaction zones and the embayed outline of spinel grains insidegarnet suggest that the spinel-cored garnets grew in the presenceof a melt. The origin of these xenoliths is interpreted on thebasis of liquidus phase relations in the tholeiitic and slightlysilica-poor portion of the CaO–MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂(CMAS) system at pressures from 30 to 50 GPa. The phase relationssuggest crystallization from slightly silica-poor melts (ortransitional basaltic melts) in the depth range 110–150km beneath Oahu. This depth estimate puts the formation of thesexenoliths in the asthenosphere. On the basis of this study itis proposed that the pyroxenite xenoliths are high-pressurecumulates related to polybaric magma fractionation in the asthenosphere,thus making Oahu the only locality among the oceanic regionswhere such deep magmatic fractional crystallization processeshave been recognized. KEY WORDS: xenolith; asthenosphere; basalt; CMAS; cumulate; oceanic lithosphere; experimental petrology; mantle; geothermobarometry; magma chamber  相似文献   

华北地区燕山期岩浆活动热供给的初步数值模拟   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

刘翠  邓晋福  苏尚国  罗照华  赵国春  周肃  赵兴国 《地学前缘》2006,13(2):158-164

大陆地壳和地幔岩石圈形成之后,还可能再次有对流地幔的注入,对原有的陆壳和地幔岩石圈进行改造。华北克拉通于新太古—古元古代形成的陆壳和大陆根,在侏罗纪—白垩纪(J—K)的燕山期遭受重大改造,有对流地幔的一次重要注入。一维的数值模拟表明:(1)在1GPa条件下,1250℃底侵玄武岩对于初始温度400℃的英云闪长岩围岩的加热,并达到使其发生局部熔融作用,其纯的熔融量与纯的底侵玄武岩岩浆结晶的厚度的比值约为0·12;假设仅有25%的熔浆能够分离出来,则能够分离出的熔浆量与底侵玄武岩结晶总量比约为0·03。由此可以推测,如果要产生总量为1km厚的花岗岩的岩基需要33·3km的底侵玄武岩岩浆的全部结晶来提供热通量。而33·3km的底侵玄武岩岩浆可能需要约333km的软流圈物质参与(假设10%的局部熔融,并且全部熔体均能分离出来)。(2)华北克拉通燕山期玄武岩的喷发和地壳浅部辉长岩侵入体的发育,说明底侵的玄武岩岩浆不可能全部固结,从模拟的角度说明,燕山运动需要非常大量的底侵玄武岩岩浆和热通量的注入,才能诱发现今所观察到的燕山期强烈的岩浆活动。文中数值模拟工作对进一步理解“燕山运动”发生的深部背景即来源于软流圈的贡献有一定的意义。  相似文献   

地球史中的构造活动论和发展阶段论   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

邓晋福  赵国春  苏尚国  刘翠  周肃  刘义勤 《地学前缘》2006,13(6):14-21

从全球构造的活动论和地壳演化的发展阶段论出发,简要地讨论如下科学问题:(1)岩石圈形成;(2)中国大陆形成和演化;(3)造山过程;(4)裂谷作用过程中的某些问题。研究认为:(1)岩石圈不是地球形成时就已存在了,亦不是一次形成的,而是对流地幔(或软流圈)多次(或多阶段)分异形成的;基于岩浆作用、沉积作用、变质作用和成矿作用等在地球发展历史中长远阶段性的变化的可能指示,提出岩石圈-软流圈系统的不可逆的长远期阶段性变化特征,并可划分为若干阶段。(2)基于对中国大陆形成与演化的大阶段的研究,认为显生宙以来,中国大陆是由塔里木、扬子、中朝、华夏、蒙古和印度等陆块经过多个阶段的造山运动,镶嵌组装在一起的一个复合大陆,其拼合组装的各个阶段的洋陆分布的格局是不一样的,这种构造重组一定伴随岩石圈-软流圈动力系统的重组和构造体制的重大转换。(3)燕山带燕山期可识别出5个造山幕,每个造山幕的岩浆作用、沉积建造、变质作用、变形方式均有差异,造山过程的幕式阶段性标志明显;并认为华北地区现今面积的大小,并不能代表侏罗纪-白垩纪时的状态,燕山带的面积在侏罗纪—白垩纪时期远比现在的小。(4)提出华北大陆裂谷作用在古近纪与新近纪—第四纪的伸展作用是两次幕式事件,而不是前人认为的一次事件的两个相,同时,认为古近纪的断陷性质盆地发育对应纯剪切机制,而新近纪—第四纪拗陷性质盆地发育对应于分布剪切机制。(5)认为燕山期和喜山期华北地区岩石圈减薄作用的机制、过程不同,分属两个不同的阶段的动力学系统,而不是一个连续的渐变过程。  相似文献   

利用地球化学方法判别大陆玄武岩和岛弧玄武岩   总被引：45，自引：0，他引：45  

夏林圻夏祖春  徐学义李向民 马中平 《岩石矿物学杂志》2007,26(1):77-89

大陆地壳或岩石圈的混染作用可以给出似消减带信号,并导致将受到混染的大陆玄武岩误判为岛弧玄武岩。没有受到混染的软流圈(或地幔柱)源大陆玄武质岩石通常是以(Th/Nb)N<1、Nb/La≥1、低87Sr/86Sr(t)比值、高εNd(t)值及La/Nb和La/Ba比值与洋岛玄武岩相似并以具有缺乏Nb、Ta、Ti负异常的“隆起”状多元素地幔标准化分配型式为特征。当在所研究的火山岩系中发现有未受到混染的软流圈(或地幔柱)源玄武质岩石存在,基本上就可以排除它们有属于岛弧或活动大陆边缘火山岩系的可能。对于那些具有消减带信号的基性熔岩,可以根据Zr含量和Zr/Y比值,或利用Zr/Y-Zr图解,判断它们是否真正是岛弧或活动大陆边缘玄武岩。  相似文献