华北克拉通热结构差异性特征及其意义   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

张林友  刘琼颖  何丽娟 《地球物理学报》2016,59(10):3618-3626

华北克拉通破坏存在空间上的差异性,至今其内在的动力学机制仍存在较大的争议,这种差异性在岩石圈热结构上必然有所表现.广义上岩石圈热结构包括热流结构、温度场结构和热岩石圈厚度,是揭示岩石圈演化及其内在动力学过程的重要基础.基于二维地震剖面和大地热流数据,建立二维稳态热传导有限元模型,对华北克拉通东部岩石圈热结构进行模拟计算并与西部进行对比分析,在此基础上对比热岩石圈与地震岩石圈厚度差异的变化.结果显示,华北克拉通东、西部岩石圈热结构有着较为明显的差异,地幔热流值波动范围分别在24~44/20.5~24.5mW·m~(-2),壳幔比1.61~0.70/1.84~1.51,以1300℃等温线计算得到的热岩石圈厚度变化范围在75~139km/128~162km.华北克拉通东部相对西部有着较高的深部地幔热流值和较小的地震/热岩石圈厚度差异,这可能意味着东部软流圈地幔有效黏度相比西部低,估算差异可达2~3个数量级.  相似文献   

南宁新生代软流圈上涌柱及其对浅表构造的影响          下载免费PDF全文

李细光  严小敏梁结 《地学前缘》2009,16(4):261

摘要：在研究南宁新生代软流圈上涌柱构造的基础上,从过渡构造、区域断裂、新生代盆地等方面并结合三维数值模拟来进一步分析和研究南宁新生代软流圈上涌柱构造对浅表构造的影响。南宁新生代软流圈上涌柱的存在对研究区浅表构造的影响是深层次、多方面的,在柱体边缘形成一系列过渡构造,影响到柱体中心附近NE向和NW向区域断裂的分段活动性。同时,在软流圈上涌和向东南方向流动过程中,带动研究区地壳上部块体移动,在南宁新生代软流圈上涌柱的柱体中心、西部和北部产生引张,相应在浅表形成断陷盆地,同时加强了东南部NE向和NW向区域性断裂的活动性,形成了灵山“中强地震活动区”。三维数值模拟的结果进一步验证了这个结论。  相似文献   

长江中下游地区成矿深部动力学机制：远震层析成像证据   总被引：11，自引：5，他引：6  

江国明  张贵宾  吕庆田  史大年  徐峣 《岩石学报》2014,30(4):907-917

长江中下游成矿带是我国东部重要的矿产资源基地。前人研究认为该地区的成矿作用与中生代大规模岩浆活动密切相关,但关于成矿的深部动力学机制仍存在着分歧。本研究利用远震层析成像方法获得了研究区下方整个上地幔内的三维速度结构,采取以下措施:(1)46个固定台站和67个流动台站记录的678个远震事件的17000余条P波波形;(2)利用改进的多道互相关技术直接从波形数据中提取相对走时残差信息,提高了数据处理的精度和效率;(3)地壳校正消除地壳不均匀性的影响;(4)检测板测试最佳网格间隔,水平方向为0.5°×0.5°,垂向为50~100km,从而可以保证结果的可靠性。最终的层析成像结果表明成矿带地区下方的上地幔内存在"两高一低"的速度异常体,浅部的高速体可解释为现存的岩石圈,深部的高速体则为拆沉的岩石圈,而夹在中间的低速体为上涌的软流圈热物质发源地。我们的成像结果为成矿的拆沉模式提供了有力支持。该模式认为岩石圈的拆沉导致软流圈物质减压熔融,底侵在壳幔边界,最终爆发大规模岩浆活动和成矿作用。结果清楚地显示出拆沉的岩石圈已经下沉至上地幔底部,而且在其上方存在着明显的软流圈热物质。此外,成像结果还显示出深部的高、低速体的走向与成矿带走向基本一致,并且由南至北逐渐变浅。这些特征与成矿带的成矿阶段密切相关。但遗憾的是,成像结果无法提供软流圈物质起源的信息,有待今后进一步研究。  相似文献   

赣中地区早中生代OIB碱性玄武岩的厘定及构造意义   总被引：50，自引：3，他引：47  

王岳军  廖超林  范蔚茗  彭头平 《地球化学》2004,33(2):109-117

通过40Ar/39Ar年代学、元素、同位素地球化学研究,在赣中地区安塘组上部厘定了早中生代OIB型碱性岩浆作用.研究表明,位于赣中安塘组上部的玄武岩为碱性橄榄玄武岩,形成于168Ma,具有狭窄的元素、同位素变化范围,地壳混染作用不明显,经历了橄榄石和单斜辉石的结晶分异.其LILE和HFSE富集,Nb/La=1.4～1.5,Ce/Pb=21～25,Nb/U=42～45,εNd(t)= 5.22～ 6.58,(87Sr/86Sr)I=0.703 13～0.70336,具有Hawaii-OIB型元素、同位素地球化学特征,是含石榴子石橄榄岩低度部分熔融的产物,其起源与软流圈地幔上涌和岩石圈伸展减薄有关.这为华夏陆块早中生代岩石圈伸展减薄提供了更为直接的证据.  相似文献   

Direct ascent to the surface of asthenospheric magma in a region of convex lithospheric flexure     

Yuki Sato  Naoto Hirano  Shiki Machida  Junji Yamamoto  Masao Nakanishi  Teruaki Ishii 《International Geology Review》2018,60(10):1231-1243

The stress field of oceanic lithosphere controls the distribution of submarine petit-spot volcanoes. However, the eruption sites of these petit-spot volcanoes are considered to be limited to concavely flexed regions of lithosphere off the outer rise. Here, we present new data for a recently identified petit-spot lava field on a convexly flexed section of the lithosphere adjacent to the subduction zone offshore of northeast Japan in an area containing more than 80 volcanoes. This area is marked by strongly alkaline lavas that were erupted on the convexly flexed region. As for the concavely flexed region where the petit-spots previously reported, the base of the lithosphere beneath the eruption sites is under extension, whereas the upper part of the lithosphere is under compression. This change in the stress field, from the lower to upper lithosphere, causes ascending dikes to stall in the mid-lithosphere, leading to metasomatic interaction with the surrounding peridotite. The new geochemical data of rocks and xenocrysts presented in this study indicate that strongly alkaline magmas erupted on the convexly flexed region would have ascended more rapidly through the mid-depth of lithosphere because of the extensional regime of the upper lithosphere and decreasing the degree of metasomatic reaction with the surrounding mantle peridotite. The results indicate that the degree of metasomatism and the compositional variations of petit-spot magmas are controlled mainly by the stress field of the lithosphere.  相似文献   

软流层的地球膨胀成因及其形成时间     

陈志耕 《地球科学进展》2013,28(7):834-846

地球的软流层(圈)堪称全球构造、岩浆与成矿作用动力之源。以往人们虽然认识到软流层的重要作用,但其形成机制的定量研究还不够。最近20多年来,对地球半径变化的检验研究结果表明,地球膨胀已经有了较多的直接证据。而且,即使按照地球膨胀晚期0.1 mm/a的半径增长率计算,所产生的地球膨胀构造动力事件,也将是一个全球性超级构造动力事件。根据地球的非线性有限膨胀演化,所提出的软流层成因是:源于原始地球深部的膨胀内压,推挤原始地幔顶部物质做功并转化为原始岩石圈球壳围限下的地幔顶部物质的压缩能A,当压缩能的积累超过原始地幔顶部物质局部熔融所需要的热能Ω时,地幔顶部物质便开始熔融并逐渐形成地球的原始软流层。据此,按照地球非线性膨胀演化初期的半径增长率1.08 mm/a、原始地幔顶部物质以15%的局部熔融和绝热等压过程估算,地球开始膨胀后仅19.2 Ma,地球的原始软流层(圈)便可形成。  相似文献   

A Textural Record of Solidification and Cooling in the Skaergaard Intrusion, East Greenland   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Holness  Marian B.; Tegner  Christian; Nielsen  Troels F. D.; Stripp  Gemma; Morse  Stearns A. 《Journal of Petrology》2007,48(12):2359-2377

The clinopyroxene–plagioclase–plagioclase dihedralangle, _cpp, in gabbroic cumulates records the time-integratedthermal history in the sub-solidus and provides a measure oftextural maturity. Variations in _cpp through the Layered Seriesof the Skaergaard intrusion, East Greenland, demonstrate thatthe onset of crystallization of clinopyroxene (within LZa),Fe–Ti oxides (at the base of LZc) and apatite (at thebase of UZb) as liquidus phases in the bulk magma is recordedby a stepwise increase in textural maturity, related to an increasein the contribution of latent heat to the total heat loss tothe surroundings and a reduction in the specific cooling rateat the crystallization front of the intrusion. The onset ofboth liquidus Fe–Ti oxide and apatite crystallizationis marked by a transient increase in textural maturity, probablylinked to overstepping before nucleation. Textural maturationat pyroxene–plagioclase–plagioclase triple junctionseffectively ceases in the uppermost parts of the Layered Seriesas a result of the entire pluton cooling below the closure temperaturefor dihedral angle change, which is 1075°C. Solidificationof the Layered Series of the Skaergaard intrusion occurred viathe upwards propagation of a mush zone only a few metres thick. KEY WORDS: magma; partial melting; asthenosphere; olivine; mantle  相似文献   

中国及邻近陆海地区软流圈三维结构及其与岩石圈的相互作用   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

蔡学林朱介寿  曹家敏程先琼 《中国地质》2006,33(4):804-815

通过中国及邻近陆海地区天然地震面波层析成像三维Vs速度结构的系统地质构造解析,笔者论述了中国及邻近陆海地区软流圈三维结构特征,发现该区软流圈内既有高速块体,又有低速异常体,显示软流圈内存在纵向与横向上的不均匀性,研究软流圈内低速异常体三维几何结构表明,南海低速异常体呈复蘑菇状,结合地幔体波层析成像研究显示,南海地区存在巨型复蘑菇状地幔低速柱头。笔者还探讨了软流圈对岩石圈结构的影响及其相互作用问题。  相似文献   

High-resolution teleseismic body wave tomography beneath SE-Romania – II. Imaging of a slab detachment scenario     

M. Martin  F. Wenzel  the CALIXTO working group 《Geophysical Journal International》2006,164(3):579-595

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On the nature of mantle heterogeneities and discontinuities: evidence from a very dense wide-angle shot record     

Ramon Carbonell   《Tectonophysics》2004,388(1-4):103

A seismic survey with a receiver spacing of 50 m provided one of the most densely sampled wide-angle seismic reflection images of the lithosphere. This unique data set, recorded by an 18-km-long spread, reveals that at wide-angles the shallow subcrustal mantle features high amplitude reflectivity which contrasts with a lack of reflectivity at latter travel times. This change in the seismic signature is located at approximately 120–150 km depth, which correlates with the depth estimates of the lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary (LAB) of previous DSS studies. This seismic signature can be simulated by two-layer mantle model. Both layers with similar average velocities differ in their degree of heterogeneity. The shallow heterogeneous layer and the deeper and more homogeneous one correlate with the lithosphere and the asthenosphere, respectively. Studies involving surface outcrops of ultramafic massifs and mantle xenoliths infer that the upper mantle is a heterogeneous mixture of ultramafic rocks (lherzolites, harzburgites, pyroxenites, peridotites, dunites, and small amounts of eclogites). Laboratory measurements of physical properties of these mantle rocks indicate that compositional variations alone can account for the wide-angle reflectivity. A temperature increase would homogenize the mixture, decreasing the seismic reflection properties due to melting processes. It is proposed that this would take place below 120–150 km (1200 °C, the LAB).  相似文献