东地中海黎凡特盆地白垩纪阿尔布期白云岩成因研究          下载免费PDF全文

王小敏  胡忠亚  李伟强 《高校地质学报》2018,24(5):681

“白云岩问题”一直是碳酸盐岩研究的热点问题。镁作为白云石的主量元素之一,其同位素组成包含了白云岩化过 程和白云岩沉积环境的信息。本文以以色列黎凡特盆地早白垩世末阿尔布期（~100 Ma）Givat Ye’arim组和Soreq组白云岩 为研究对象,在岩石学、微量元素和C-O-Sr同位素地球化学研究基础之上,开展了高密度镁同位素分析。结果显示白云岩 主要由半自形-自形的泥微晶白云石组成,岩性致密,后期成岩改造作用较弱,因此元素及同位素组成基本可以反映原始 白云岩化流体的地球化学特征;C-Sr同位素组成与Albian期海水保持一致,表明同期咸化海水是白云岩化流体并为白云石 形成提供镁离子;白云岩δ26Mg值稳定在-2.0‰左右,没有明显的垂向差异,表明白云岩化过程中咸化海水供应充足,流体 以渗流方式而不是以扩散方式在松散沉积物中运移,孔隙水化学组成相对均一,白云岩镁同位素组成得以与同期海水相平 衡。白云岩中陆源风化指示元素Rb和ΣREE以及海水盐度指标Na元素含量表现出多期旋回性变化,反映半封闭体系对周期 性气候和环境变化的响应,然而垂向上稳定的白云岩δ26Mg值表明区域性的气候变化不会显著改变沉积盆地体系中的镁同位 素组成,因此对于地质历史时期在半局限海洋环境中沉积的巨厚白云岩而言,其镁同位素组成可以用来示踪全球海水镁同 位素波动。  相似文献   

黔东铜仁地区寒武系热液白云岩特征及其成矿意义^*          下载免费PDF全文

李驰  潘文  杜远生 《古地理学报》2018,20(5):869-876

黔东铜仁地区寒武系清虚洞组和娄山关组中分布有多处热液白云岩,其形态包括块状、透镜状、角砾状等。通过露头及薄片观察、流体包裹体温度测定、稀土元素和锶同位素分析,笔者探讨了研究区不同类型热液白云岩的形成机制、热液性质与来源及其与铅锌成矿作用的关系。结果表明: (1)热液白云岩由中粗晶-巨晶鞍状白云石组成,形成温度为96~223 ℃,平均为155.86 ℃;盐度为8.28~16.15 wt% NaCl,平均为12.30wt% NaCl;具有轻稀土富集和Ce负异常特征,LREE/HREE为16.51,δCe为0.79, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr为0.708662。(2)块状和透镜状热液白云岩形成于交代作用较完全的环境,角砾状热液白云岩可能形成于水力破裂作用;白云石化流体可能来自包括震旦系碳酸盐岩在内的下伏地层,断层和裂缝为其运移通道。(3)白云石化流体与区域铅锌成矿流体温度、盐度和地球化学特征相近,来源相同或相似;热液白云岩中含有少量成矿物质,应形成于铅锌主成矿期前后。  相似文献   

华北秦皇岛地区柳江盆地马家沟组碳酸盐岩多期白云化作用     

冯诗海  李红  蒋佳俊  雷云  牛元哲  杨锐  刘永杰 《沉积学报》2017,35(4):664-680

华北秦皇岛地区的中奥陶统马家沟组以广泛发育海相白云质灰岩、灰质白云岩和白云岩为特征。在石门寨奥陶系亮甲山剖面,马家沟组自下而上识别出四类碳酸盐岩:含白云石泥晶灰岩（类型I）、细-粉晶白云岩（类型II）、“麦粒状”细-粉晶白云岩（类型III）和钙质泥晶白云岩（类型IV）。类型I主要由泥晶方解石构成,含三叶虫和介形类生物碎片,少量自形的粉晶白云石呈“漂浮状”分布于压溶缝合线内,基质中少见。岩相学和地球化学特征表明此类白云石形成于埋藏成岩期压溶作用之后,压溶缝为云化流体提供通道,压溶缝内泥质组分的成岩转化可能为白云化作用提供了部分镁离子来源;类型II白云岩主要由自形、半自形不等粒粉晶-细晶白云石构成,白云石普遍具有“雾心亮边”,在背散射和阴极发光照片中白云石可见清晰的多圈亮、暗相间环带。环带和带间主量元素的差异表明白云石经历了埋藏成岩期多期成岩流体的改造;类型III白云岩中白云石呈单向延伸的“米粒”或“麦粒”状,粉晶为主,晶体长轴方向具有垂直结晶轴c的特点,白云石具富铁、贫锰、锶的特点,长、短对角线上钙、镁离子的微小差异以及阴极发光特征表明此类白云石也经历了埋藏成岩期的改造,成岩流体使白云石发生微溶作用可能是导致白云石晶体单向延伸且光学性质固定取向的主要原因;类型IV为钙质泥晶球粒白云岩,含石膏假晶,白云石多为微晶和微亮晶,球粒也多由微晶白云石构成,溶孔发育,但全被亮晶贫铁方解石充填,此类岩石的白云化作用发生得很早,可能形成于潮上带澙湖或潮坪环境。综上所述,研究区马家沟组碳酸盐岩具有经历了不同类型及多期白云化作用的特点。自剖面底部向顶部,白云石的有序度由0.8降至0.47,而去云化作用则呈现逐渐增强的趋势。  相似文献   

Genesis of Dolomite from Ma55–Ma510 Sub-members of the Ordovician Majiagou Formation in the Jingxi Area in the Ordos Basin     

LIU Jingdong  JIANG Youlu  LIU Xinshe  YANG Zhiwei  HOU Xiangdong  ZHU Rongwei  WEN Caixi  WANG Feiyan 《《地质学报》英文版》2017,91(4):1363-1379

We clarified three stages of dolomitization and secondary changes by studying the petrology and geochemistry characteristics of dolomite from the Ma55–Ma510 sub-members of the Ordovician Majiagou Formation in the Jingxi area in the Ordos Basin: (1) Syngenetic microbial dolomitization is characterized by formation of dolomite with a mainly micrite structure and horse tooth-shape dolomite cements. (2) Seepage reflux dolomitization during the penecontemporaneous period superposed adjustment functions such as recrystallization and stabilization in the middle-deep burial stage, forming dolomites mainly consisting of micro crystal and powder crystal structure. (3) Powder dolomite, fine dolomite, and medium-coarse crystalline dolomite formed in pores and fractures in the middle-deep burial stage. The secondary concussive transgression-regression under a regressive background is an important condition for the occurrence of many stages of dolomitization in the study area. The basin was an occlusive epicontinental sea environment in the Ma5 member of the Ordovician Majiagou Formation sedimentary period. In the sediments, sulfate content was high, which is conducive to the preservation of microbial activity and microbial dolomitization. Micritic dolomite formed by microbial dolomitization provides good migration pathways for seepage reflux dolomitization. Affected by evaporation seawater with increased Mg/Ca ratio, seepage reflux dolomitization was widely developed and formed large-scale dolomite, and underwater uplifts and slopes are favorable areas for dolomite. In the middle-deep burial stage, dolomitizing fluid in the stratum recrystallized or stabilized the previous dolomite and formed a small amount of euhedral dolomite in the pores and fractures.  相似文献   

新疆乌鲁木齐二叠系湖相微生物白云岩成因   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李红  柳益群  李文厚  杨锐  雷川  刘林玉  刘洪福  李海平 《地质通报》2013,32(4):661-670

新疆乌鲁木齐地区养牛场剖面中二叠统芦草沟组以发育浅湖至半深湖背景下的中层深灰色、灰色碳酸盐岩、粉砂岩、细砂岩与中、厚层灰黑色泥岩、油页岩的互层沉积为特点.湖相碳酸盐岩以微晶白云岩为主体,其次为微晶灰岩.微晶白云岩主要由白云石、铁白云石及少量方解石等组成,常混有泥质组分且富含有机质.镜下观察白云石主要为微晶(＜4μm)及微亮晶(4-10 μm),极少数为亮晶(＞10μm).扫描电镜分析发现微晶白云岩中存在微球状(直径约9μm)、微棒状(长度约0.3～1.2μm)及微米级它形(＜ 5μm)等3种微形貌的白云石,其中微米级它形白云石在白云岩中占绝大多数.在微晶灰岩中还发现了直径约70-150nm,形态与球菌相似的纳米微粒,具有微生物矿化的特征.研究区白云岩Sr丰度及Sr/Ca比总体持平或略高于微晶灰岩,Mn丰度远高于微晶灰岩,C、O同位素均高于微晶灰岩,暗示了白云岩可能形成于比微晶灰岩更深及盐度更大的水下还原环境,二者之间缺乏明显的交代关系.芦草沟组白云岩的δ13CPDB介于9.2 ‰～15.6‰,强烈正偏的δ13CPDB可能是产甲烷古菌的代谢活动引起有机质碳同位素分馏的结果.以上特征表明,研究区芦草沟组白云石的沉淀可能与产烷带厌氧微生物的代谢活动引起的甲烷生成作用有关.  相似文献   

Oxygen and carbon isotope composition of Gordon Group carbonates (Ordovician), Florentine Valley,Tasmania, Australia     

C. Prasada Rao  B. Wang 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(3):305-316

The Gordon Group carbonates consist of biota of the Chlorozoan assemblage, diverse non‐skeletal grains and abundant micrite and dolomite, similar to those of modern warm water carbonates. Cathodoluminescence studies indicate marine, meteoric and some burial cements. Dolomites replacing burrows, mudcracks and micrite formed during early diagenesis.

δ¹⁸O values (‐5 to ‐7%ō PDB) of the non‐luminescent fauna and marine cement are lighter than those of modern counterparts but are similar to those existing within low latitudes during the Ordovician because of the light δ¹⁸O values of Ordovician seawater (‐3 to ‐5%o SMOW). The δ¹⁸O difference (2%o) between marine and meteoric calcite indicates that Ordovician meteoric water was similar to that in modern subtropics. Values of δ¹³C relative to δ¹⁸O indicate that during the Early Ordovician there were higher atmospheric CO₂ levels than at present but during the Middle and Late Ordovician they became comparable with the present because of a change from ‘Greenhouse’ to glacial conditions. δ¹⁸O values of Late Ordovician seawater were heavier than in the Middle Ordovician mainly because of glaciation.

Dolomitization took place in marine to mixed‐marine waters while the original calcium carbonate was undergoing marine to meteoric diagenesis.  相似文献   

Salinity reflux and dolomitization of southern Australian slope sediments: the importance of low carbonate saturation levels     

JOHN M. RIVERS  T. KURT KYSER  NOEL P. JAMES 《Sedimentology》2012,59(2):445-465

Anomalously saline waters in Ocean Drilling Program Holes 1127, 1129, 1130, 1131 and 1132, which penetrate southern Australian slope sediments, and isotopic analyses of large benthic foraminifera from southern Australian continental shelf sediments, indicate that Pleistocene–Holocene meso‐haline salinity reflux is occurring along the southern Australian margin. Ongoing dolomite formation is observed in slope sediments associated with marine waters commonly exceeding 50‰ salinity. A well‐flushed zone at the top of all holes contains pore waters with normal marine trace element contents, alkalinities and pH values. Dolomite precipitation occurs directly below the well‐flushed zone in two phases. Phase 1 is a nucleation stage associated with waters of relatively low pH (ca 7) caused by oxidation of H₂S diffusing upward from below. This dolomite precipitates in sediments < 80 m below the sea floor and has δ¹³C values consistent with having formed from normal sea water (? 1‰ to + 1‰ Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite). The Sr content of Phase 1 dolomite indicates that precipitation can occur prior to substantial metastable carbonate dissolution (< 300 ppm in Holes 1129 and 1127). Dolomite nucleation is interpreted to occur because the system is undersaturated with respect to the less stable minerals aragonite and Mg‐calcite, which form more readily in normal ocean water. Phase 2 is a growth stage associated with the dissolution of metastable carbonate in the acidified sea water. Analysis of large dolomite rhombs demonstrates that at depths > 80 m below the sea floor, Phase 2 dolomite grows on dolomite cores precipitated during Phase 1. Phase 2 dolomite has δ¹³C values similar to those of the surrounding bulk carbonate and high Sr values relative to Phase 1 dolomite, consistent with having formed in waters affected by aragonite and calcite dissolution. The nucleation stage in this model (Phase 1) challenges the more commonly accepted paradigm that inhibition of dolomitization by sea water is overcome by effectively increasing the saturation state of dolomite in sea water.  相似文献   

一种红色砭石的矿物学特征研究     

刘畅  洪汉烈  殷科  韩文  王雅玫  刘萍萍  高义 《地质科学译丛》2012,(2):19-24

采用X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、热重分析（TG-DTG）及激光诱导离解光谱（LIBS）等分析方法对一种红色砭石的矿物学特征进行了深入的研究。XRD分析表明,红色砭石主要由白云石组成,并含有少量石英和方解石及微量云母、正长石和赤铁矿。SEM结果显示,砭石中的矿物颗粒大多为集合体,粒径大多集中在1～5μm之间,表面光滑程度有所不同。红色砭石在650-850℃范围内出现一个单失重峰,为白云石的分解形成,类质同象或者杂质矿物的存在导致白云石两阶段的分解同步完成。红色砭石的颜色可能与赤铁矿和正长石微晶在砭石中的均匀分布有关。  相似文献   

山西省盂县羊泉冶镁白云岩矿床地质特征、成因及经济意义研究     

刘成林  徐永婧 《矿产与地质》2012,26(3):231-236

金属镁是新世纪重要的绿色金属能源,而冶镁白云岩是生产金属镁不可缺少的原料,是山西省能源重化工基地的一种十分重要的矿产资源.盂县羊泉冶镁白云岩矿床位于吕梁、太行断块-五台山块隆东侧,白云岩矿体赋存于寒武系上统-奥陶系下统三山子组,总体上呈走向NW、倾向SW的单斜构造.含矿岩石主要为中-厚层细-粗晶白云岩,粉晶-细晶或中粗晶粒状结构,块状或薄层状构造.矿床的形成演化经历了沉积-白云岩化-重结晶三个阶段.矿体平均品位ω(MgO)为21.20％、ω(SiO2)为0.67％、ω(K2O+ Na2O)为0.076％,品位变化较均匀.该区共求得冶镁用白云岩矿资源量约3.45亿吨,属一大型矿山,具有较大的开发前景.  相似文献   

Messinian palaeoclimate and palaeo-environment in the western Mediterranean realm: insights from the geochemistry of continental deposits of NW Sardinia (Italy)     

《International Geology Review》2012,54(8):971-990

To evaluate the palaeo-environmental parameters of a portion of the Sardinia–Corsica microplate during the Messinian drop in sea level, we examined the chemistry and mineralogy of upper Tortonian–lower Messinian (late Miocene) clayey continental deposits from NW Sardinia. Differences exist between the uppermost part of the succession, which is devoid of carbonate phases, and the lower part, reflecting changes in provenance and climate. The carbonate-free samples were probably derived from quartzite of the metamorphic basement and were deposited under a climate characterized by alternating dry and relatively wet periods. The other samples were derived from basement phyllite and were deposited under a warm, dry climate that promoted the capillary rise of Ca²⁺ and bicarbonate from a shallow water table, and therefore, the precipitation of carbonate. This part of the succession contains both calcite and dolomite. The presence of barite indicates an important concentration of SO₄ ^2? in the solution from which the CaMg(CO₃)₂ precipitated. The formation of dolomite under hypersaline conditions may be explained by bacterial degradation of organic matter, which produced CO₂ and ammonia, thereby increasing the solution alkalinity. The succession formed in an oxic environment, except for a calcite-rich level that formed under relatively reducing conditions. For this level, the large amount of calcite and the lack of dolomite indicate an alkaline environment and a very low Mg²⁺/Ca²⁺ ratio in the soil solution. These observations, coupled with the reducing conditions, indicate the availability of large amounts of degraded organic matter, probably related to a period typified by a wetter climate.  相似文献