南沙群岛南科1井白云岩发育特征及铁白云石成因机制的初步研究*     

韩雪  徐维海  罗云  黎刚  刘建国  朱小畏  程俊  苗莉  向荣  颜文 《热带海洋学报》2022,41(5):74-88

南海自新生代以来发育了大量的碳酸盐岩台地和生物礁, 并普遍发生白云岩化作用, 具有广阔的油气勘探前景。文章通过开展岩相学观察、矿物学分析、常微量元素和碳氧同位素分析, 同时结合Fe组分及Fe同位素地球化学分析, 对南沙群岛南科1井白云岩的发育特征和成岩环境进行了系统研究。结果表明: 南科1井上中新统—下更新统白云岩主要形成于近地表环境中, 溶蚀孔隙发育, 残余结构明显。白云岩层中发育有多个与暴露成因有关的界面, 未发现石膏层的存在。同时, 白云岩普遍具有低Fe、Mn和Sr的特征以及与现代海水相似的REE分布模式, δ¹³C和δ¹⁸O多为正值, 但不存在相关性。整体来看, 白云岩可能形成于轻微蒸发海水的渗透回流作用, 还受到了与古气候变冷有关的海平面下降的控制。此外, 南科1井岩芯中多个层位发育铁白云石, 并且集中分布在暴露面附近。Fe组分和Fe同位素组成结果显示, 白云岩中Fe主要来源于海水中碳酸盐的沉淀, 成岩过程中基本不存在额外的陆源或热液来源的Fe混入。铁白云石主要形成于低温和浅埋藏环境中, 大气淡水对生物骨架、生物碎屑以及自生碳酸盐矿物的淋滤-溶解作用为其提供了重要的物质来源。作为生物礁体暴露地表期间的产物, 铁白云石的发育层位可能指示着低海平面时期。  相似文献   

苏鲁超高压变质带超镁铁岩深部碳酸盐交代作用的证据     

陈世忠  杨经绥  许志琴  朱筱婷 《地质学报》2016,90(10):2721-2732

中国大陆科学钻探工程第三先导孔(PP3钻孔),位于秦岭-大别-苏鲁超高压造山带的东部,赣榆岗上超镁铁岩体中。钻孔中超镁铁岩的岩性包括纯橄岩和石榴超镁铁岩等,该超镁铁岩的SiO_2含量均值在43.68%,变化范围为41.9%~47.11%;MgO均值在44.71%,变化范围为47.12%~48.62%;Cr_2O_3均值在0.39%,变化范围为0.30%~0.47%;CaO均值0.12%(变化范围为0.006%~0.34%);Na2O均值在0.05%(变化范围为0.005%~0.32%)。超镁铁质岩的Mg#(Mg/(Mg+Fe)×100)稳定在91.9~93.0之间,Cr#(Cr/(Cr+Fe)×100)均值在38,较高;变化在30~45之间,变化小。其中闪石化金云母超镁铁岩具有最低的值(Cr#=19)。Ni含量在2100×10~(-6)~2500×10~(-6),CaO含量均值为0.13%,Al_2O_3含量均值为0.41%。岩体成分均一,表现为高镁,低钙和低铝的特征。超镁铁岩的不相容元素和稀土元素总量很低,稀土元素总量均值在0.60×10~(-6)。(La/Yb)N比值在6.9~51.2,均值在16.1,重稀土元素严重亏损,是中国东部最亏损的地幔岩之一。超镁铁岩中橄榄石成分(Fo在88.7~93.1之间,Fa在6.8~11.1之间),从早期到晚期,岩石Fo值从93→91~92.4→88.7~89.1。铬尖晶石Cr#值从51到89变化,TiO_2和MnO_2值分别低于0.26%和0.46%,晚期铬尖晶石Cr#值增大,Ti含量减小。单斜辉石由透辉石(Wo_(45.9)8En_(47.89)Fs_(2.73)Ac_(3.39))和顽透辉石(Wo_(27.61)En_(68.78)Fs_(2.27)Ac_(1.34))两种,透辉石(Cpx_Ⅰ)在顽透辉石(Cpx_Ⅱ)中呈被交代的残余粒状。角闪石和金云母呈明显的条带状和脉状,局部发育。岩石具有弱的Na和K交代作用,较高的Sr和Ba等元素,亏损高场强元素(HSFE),以及特征的稀土元素和微量元素配分曲线;岩石中主要组成矿物橄榄石从早期到晚期,矿物Mg#指数下降(Mg#从93→88);单斜辉石中可看到透辉石被顽透辉石交代现象;次生角闪石和金云母的形成等特征都显示超镁铁岩经历了碳酸盐交代作用。在超镁铁岩矿物橄榄石中发现细小白云石和菱镁矿等碳酸盐矿物更有力证明了苏鲁超高压变质带超镁铁岩经历了深部碳酸盐交代作用。PP3钻孔超镁铁岩属于强烈亏损地幔岩区域,单斜辉石和角闪石等含水矿物在超镁铁岩中含量低,交代作用的范围和规模有限,且交代作用在动力学上是快速的和不平衡的过程。  相似文献   

塔西台地寒武纪沉积环境演化与海陆耦合     

刘沛显  关平  冯帆  贾文博  张巍  邓世彪  金亦秋 《沉积学报》2016,34(6):1092-1107

碳酸盐岩台地作为陆地与深海间的过渡带,其沉积记录了海洋和邻近陆地的演化。结合已有的沉积学工作,对塔里木盆地西部台地寒武系碳酸盐岩进行全岩及酸不溶物地球化学研究。塔西台地寒武纪主要发育局限台地、局限-蒸发台地或蒸发台地相沉积。碳酸盐岩的地球化学特征主要受沉积环境和成岩作用影响,对研究区寒武系白云岩来说,其元素组成极易受沉积微相的控制,氧同位素组成则很可能已被成岩作用改造,仅原生、准同生白云岩的Sr/Ba、Fe/Mn和C同位素可反映沉积相演化对应的古盐度、离岸距离等沉积环境特征的变化,酸不溶物化学蚀变指数（CIA值）则指示邻近陆地的化学风化强度与气候特征。寒武纪时期,塔西台地在相对海平面较高时发育局限台地相沉积,以水体盐度较低、沉积环境离岸较远和生物活动相对较弱为特征,陆地化学风化强度适中,气候温暖湿润;在相对海平面较低时发育蒸发台地相沉积,具有水体盐度较高、沉积环境离岸较近和生物活动相对较强等特点,陆地化学风化强烈,气候炎热极端;在相对海平面适中时发育局限-蒸发台地,沉积环境和邻近陆地的特征介于前述二者之间。沉积相演化对应的较长周期的海陆演化可能主要受全球海平面升降及宏观气候变化控制,具体表现为相对海平面升降所导致的海相沉积环境的变化,以及气候变化引起的陆地化学风化强度的变化。寒武纪塔西台地所处区域的海洋-陆地演化具有高度耦合的特征。  相似文献   

Diagenetic formation of gypsum and dolomite in a cold‐water coral mound in the Porcupine Seabight,off Ireland     

HANS PIRLET  LAURA M. WEHRMANN  BENJAMIN BRUNNER  NORBERT FRANK  JAN DEWANCKELE  DAVID VAN ROOIJ  ANNELEEN FOUBERT  RUDY SWENNEN  LIEVEN NAUDTS  MATTHIEU BOONE  VEERLE CNUDDE  JEAN‐PIERRE HENRIET 《Sedimentology》2010,57(3):786-805

Authigenic gypsum was found in a gravity core, retrieved from the top of Mound Perseverance, a giant cold‐water coral mound in the Porcupine Basin, off Ireland. The occurrence of gypsum in such an environment is intriguing, because gypsum, a classic evaporitic mineral, is undersaturated with respect to sea water. Sedimentological, petrographic and isotopic evidence point to diagenetic formation of the gypsum, tied to oxidation of sedimentary sulphide minerals (i.e. pyrite). This oxidation is attributed to a phase of increased bottom currents which caused erosion and enhanced inflow of oxidizing fluids into the mound sediments. The oxidation of pyrite produced acidity, causing carbonate dissolution and subsequently leading to pore‐water oversaturation with respect to gypsum and dolomite. Calculations based on the isotopic compositions of gypsum and pyrite reveal that between 21·6% and 28·6% of the sulphate incorporated into the gypsum derived from pyrite oxidation. The dissolution of carbonate increased the porosity in the affected sediment layer but promoted lithification of the sediments at the sediment‐water interface. Thus, authigenic gypsum can serve as a signature for diagenetic oxidation events in carbonate‐rich sediments. These observations demonstrate that fluid flow, steered by environmental factors, has an important effect on the diagenesis of coral mounds.  相似文献   

埋藏环境白云石结构类型   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

王丹  陈代钊  杨长春  Hairuo Qing  王旭  吴茂炳  邢秀娟 《沉积学报》2010,28(1):17-25

近年来我国在白云岩储层油气勘探方面取得了重大进展,这些白云岩储层绝大多数为埋藏阶段形成的白云岩,同时大量研究也证实地层中大部分白云岩形成于埋藏环境。国际学术界对埋藏环境白云石的成因结构分类比较细致,但在我国这方面的研究还不够深入,因此本文借助国际上对埋藏环境白云石成因结构的分类方法,并结合中国白云岩研究的实际情况尝试提出埋藏环境白云石结构分类方案。该方案首先以白云石在岩石中的产状分为基质白云石和胶结白云石两大类,再以晶粒大小、晶型、晶面特征、接触关系为分类依据,将埋藏环境白云石分为六种结构类型。  相似文献   

Behavior of REE Fractionation during Weathering of Dolomite Regolith Profile in Southwest China   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

GONG Qingjie  ZHANG Gaixi  ZHANG Jing  JIANG Biao  MA Nan 《《地质学报》英文版》2010,84(6):1439-1447

<正>REE fractionation during the weathering of dolomite has been recognized for decades.A regolith profile on dolomite in southwest Yunnan of China was selected to investigate the behaviors of REE during weathering.The weathering of dolomite is divided into two stages:the pedogenesis stage and soil evolution stage,corresponding to the saprolites and soils respectively in the regolith profile. SiO_2,TiO_2,P_2O_5,Zr,Hf,Nb and Ta were immobile components during the weathering by and large, while Al_2O_3,K_2O and Fe_2O_3 were lost during the soil evolution stage in the physical form(clay minerals probably).REE were fractionated during the whole weathering of dolomite.The field weathering profile and the lab acid-leaching experiments on dolomite indicate that MREE were enriched clearly relative to other REE during the pedogenesis stage in a "capillary ascending-adsorption" mechanism, but they did not fractionate clearly in the soil evolution stage.REE were lost and accumulated in the weathering front of dolomite during the soil evolution stage in a "physical-chemical leaching" mechanism.  相似文献   

Salinity reflux and dolomitization of southern Australian slope sediments: the importance of low carbonate saturation levels     

JOHN M. RIVERS  T. KURT KYSER  NOEL P. JAMES 《Sedimentology》2012,59(2):445-465

Anomalously saline waters in Ocean Drilling Program Holes 1127, 1129, 1130, 1131 and 1132, which penetrate southern Australian slope sediments, and isotopic analyses of large benthic foraminifera from southern Australian continental shelf sediments, indicate that Pleistocene–Holocene meso‐haline salinity reflux is occurring along the southern Australian margin. Ongoing dolomite formation is observed in slope sediments associated with marine waters commonly exceeding 50‰ salinity. A well‐flushed zone at the top of all holes contains pore waters with normal marine trace element contents, alkalinities and pH values. Dolomite precipitation occurs directly below the well‐flushed zone in two phases. Phase 1 is a nucleation stage associated with waters of relatively low pH (ca 7) caused by oxidation of H₂S diffusing upward from below. This dolomite precipitates in sediments < 80 m below the sea floor and has δ¹³C values consistent with having formed from normal sea water (? 1‰ to + 1‰ Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite). The Sr content of Phase 1 dolomite indicates that precipitation can occur prior to substantial metastable carbonate dissolution (< 300 ppm in Holes 1129 and 1127). Dolomite nucleation is interpreted to occur because the system is undersaturated with respect to the less stable minerals aragonite and Mg‐calcite, which form more readily in normal ocean water. Phase 2 is a growth stage associated with the dissolution of metastable carbonate in the acidified sea water. Analysis of large dolomite rhombs demonstrates that at depths > 80 m below the sea floor, Phase 2 dolomite grows on dolomite cores precipitated during Phase 1. Phase 2 dolomite has δ¹³C values similar to those of the surrounding bulk carbonate and high Sr values relative to Phase 1 dolomite, consistent with having formed in waters affected by aragonite and calcite dissolution. The nucleation stage in this model (Phase 1) challenges the more commonly accepted paradigm that inhibition of dolomitization by sea water is overcome by effectively increasing the saturation state of dolomite in sea water.  相似文献   

Messinian palaeoclimate and palaeo-environment in the western Mediterranean realm: insights from the geochemistry of continental deposits of NW Sardinia (Italy)     

《International Geology Review》2012,54(8):971-990

To evaluate the palaeo-environmental parameters of a portion of the Sardinia–Corsica microplate during the Messinian drop in sea level, we examined the chemistry and mineralogy of upper Tortonian–lower Messinian (late Miocene) clayey continental deposits from NW Sardinia. Differences exist between the uppermost part of the succession, which is devoid of carbonate phases, and the lower part, reflecting changes in provenance and climate. The carbonate-free samples were probably derived from quartzite of the metamorphic basement and were deposited under a climate characterized by alternating dry and relatively wet periods. The other samples were derived from basement phyllite and were deposited under a warm, dry climate that promoted the capillary rise of Ca²⁺ and bicarbonate from a shallow water table, and therefore, the precipitation of carbonate. This part of the succession contains both calcite and dolomite. The presence of barite indicates an important concentration of SO₄ ^2? in the solution from which the CaMg(CO₃)₂ precipitated. The formation of dolomite under hypersaline conditions may be explained by bacterial degradation of organic matter, which produced CO₂ and ammonia, thereby increasing the solution alkalinity. The succession formed in an oxic environment, except for a calcite-rich level that formed under relatively reducing conditions. For this level, the large amount of calcite and the lack of dolomite indicate an alkaline environment and a very low Mg²⁺/Ca²⁺ ratio in the soil solution. These observations, coupled with the reducing conditions, indicate the availability of large amounts of degraded organic matter, probably related to a period typified by a wetter climate.  相似文献   

塔里木盆地深层寒武系地表岩溶型白云岩储层及后期流体改造作用   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

朱东亚  孟庆强  胡文瑄  金之钧 《地质论评》2012,58(4):691-701

对塔里木盆地钻遇寒武系白云岩的塔深1等井的岩芯观察发现埋深超过8000m的深层寒武系白云岩中仍发育有丰富的几毫米至几厘米大小的地表岩溶作用形成的溶蚀孔洞。塔深1井测井曲线的突变反映出了多个寒武系沉积间断(暴露)面的存在;但塔深1井附近寒武系地震剖面同相轴连续性较好,没有明显的角度不整合接触。测井和地震特征表明了寒武系白云岩岩溶作用发生在同生或准同生期,是由于相对海平面下降造成的暴露作用,而没有发生强烈的构造抬升。塔深1等井寒武系白云岩溶蚀孔洞中常见有白云石、石英等矿物的充填。充填白云石具有弯曲晶面和波状消光的特征。白云石中流体包裹体均一温度主峰区间110～130℃,没有随深度增加而增加的特点。与基质白云岩相比,充填白云石具有相对较低的Na、K和Sr的含量以及相对较高的Fe、Mn和Ba含量。在同位素组成上,充填白云石具有相对较轻的氧同位素组成和较高的n(87Sr)/n(86Sr)比值;其氧同位素δ18OPDB的变化范围为-11.62‰～-5.13‰,平均为-8.00‰,锶同位素n(87Sr)/n(86Sr)比值变化范围为0.709361～0.709978,平均为0.709590。上述特征表明了白云石等的充填作用与深部热液活动有关。受深部热液作用强度的限制,寒武系白云岩中已有的岩溶型孔隙并没有被完全充填破坏,仍有较多的储集空间得以保存下来。  相似文献   

一种红色砭石的矿物学特征研究     

刘畅  洪汉烈  殷科  韩文  王雅玫  刘萍萍  高义 《地质科学译丛》2012,(2):19-24

采用X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、热重分析（TG-DTG）及激光诱导离解光谱（LIBS）等分析方法对一种红色砭石的矿物学特征进行了深入的研究。XRD分析表明,红色砭石主要由白云石组成,并含有少量石英和方解石及微量云母、正长石和赤铁矿。SEM结果显示,砭石中的矿物颗粒大多为集合体,粒径大多集中在1～5μm之间,表面光滑程度有所不同。红色砭石在650-850℃范围内出现一个单失重峰,为白云石的分解形成,类质同象或者杂质矿物的存在导致白云石两阶段的分解同步完成。红色砭石的颜色可能与赤铁矿和正长石微晶在砭石中的均匀分布有关。  相似文献