The 3 June 1994 Java Tsunami: A Post-Event Survey of the Coastal Effects     

Maramai  Alessandra  Tinti  Stefano 《Natural Hazards》1997,15(1):31-49

The paper is a report of the field campaign undertaken by an international team (Italian, French and Indonesian) a few weeks after the occurrence of a tsunami invading the south-eastern coast of Java (Indonesia) and it complements the results of a concurrent field survey by Asian and USA researchers. The tsunamigenic earthquake occurred on 3 of June 1994 in the Indian Ocean about 200 km south of Java. The tsunami caused severe damage and claimed many victims in some coastal villages. The main purpose of the survey was to measure the inundation and the runup values as well as to ascertain the possible morphological changes caused by the wave attacks. Attention was particularly focussed on the most affected districts, that is Lumajang, Jember and Banyuwangi in Java, although also the districts of Negera, Tebanan and Denpasar in Bali were examined. The most severe damage was observed in the Banyuwangi district, where the villages of Rajekwesi, Pancer and Lampon were almost completely levelled by the violent waves. Most places were hit by three significant waves with documented wave height often exceeding 5 m. The maximum runup value (9.50 m) was measured at Rajekwesi, where also the most impressive erosion phenomena could be found. In contrast, only in one place of the neighbouring island of Bali was there a slight tsunami, the rest of the island being practically unaffected.  相似文献   

1995年我国天气气候特点     

徐良炎 《气象》1996,22(4):17-19

１９９５年，我国大部地区降水正常或偏多，但季节分配不均。春季，北方干旱范围较大，陕、甘等省冬春夏连旱，旱情严重。汛期，江南及东北南部暴雨频繁，赣、湘、辽、吉等省发展严重洪涝。全国大部地区热量比较充足，但光照条件欠佳，部分地区作物遭受低温寡照或霜冻危害。登陆台风和热带风暴偏多，两广局地损失严重。部分地区遭受风雹或沙尘暴袭击。  相似文献   

Impacts of afforestation on groundwater resources and quality   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Alistair Allen  Deborah Chapman 《Hydrogeology Journal》2001,9(4):390-400

Plans to double the proportion of land under forest cover in Ireland by the year 2035 have been initiated. The plan, primarily financially driven, ignores potential environmental impacts of forestry, particularly impacts on groundwater resources and quality. Since groundwater supplies almost 25% of Ireland's total potable water, these impacts are important. Field investigations indicate that afforestation leads to a reduction in runoff by as much as 20%, mainly due to interception of rainfall by forest canopies. Clearfelling has the opposite impact. Implications are that uncoordinated forestry practices can potentially exacerbate flooding. Groundwater recharge is affected by forestry, largely due to greater uptake of soil water by trees and to increased water-holding capacity of forest soils, arising from higher organic contents. Recharge rates under forests can be reduced to one tenth that under grass or heathland. Groundwater quality may be affected by enhanced acidification and nitrification under forests, due partly to scavenging of atmospheric pollutants by forest canopies, and partly to greater deposition of highly acid leaf litter. The slower recharge rates of groundwater under forests lead to significant delays in manifestation of deterioration in groundwater quality. Electronic Publication  相似文献   

污水渗滤土地处理系统中的复氧方式及效果   总被引：24，自引：0，他引：24  

何江涛  张达政  陈鸿汉  汤鸣皋 《水文地质工程地质》2003,30(1):103-106,109

复氧是困扰人工快渗、构造湿地等污水渗滤土地处理系统已久的问题。国际上目前采用的方法主要有3种：一是采用干湿交替的工作方式进行系统复氧，一是设置通气管对系统内部进行复氧，再一是利用植物的根系对系统内部进行复氧。研究结果表明，干湿交替的工作方式对系统的复氧条件有明显改善，而小水力负荷周期的工作方式对系统的复氧更为有效。通气管的设置通常与间歇性布水工作方式相结合，其效果通常要明显好于单纯采用干湿交替的工作方式。植物根系对系统的复氧，常因植物不同类型面具有不同的氧传输能力，植物根茎所能到达的范围往往决定了系统有效处理部位的大小。  相似文献   

热带环流异常对1998年长江流域特大洪涝的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

何敏  许力 《南京气象学院学报》2001,24(4):467-475

分析了造成1998年长江流域特大洪涝灾害的大尺度热带环流成因。指出1998年处在热带环流强度偏弱的气候阶段，西太平洋暖池地区对流活动偏弱，南海热带季风持续异常偏弱，副热带夏季风偏强度是造成长江持续强降水的主要原因；西太平洋热带对流层高低层环流系统的异常分布，为1998年长江特大洪涝提供了有利的环流背景，还探讨了热带环流异常影响换国夏季降水的可能途径，它们的关系在1998年夏季降水预测中得到应用。  相似文献   

Breach erosion of earthfill dams (BEED) model   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

V. P. Singh  P. D. Scarlatos  J. G. Collins  M. R. Jourdan 《Natural Hazards》1988,1(2):161-180

A computer model has been developed for simulation of breach erosion of earthfill dams (BEED). The model incorporates the processes of surface erosion and slope sloughing to simulate breach enlargement. Depletion of reservoir water is approximated by a volume continuity equation while broad-crested weir hydraulics is utilized to describe flow over and through the breach. Due to the implicit form of these equations, an iterative solution is proposed with convergence achieved within only a few iterations. The BEED model is written in both FORTRAN 77 and BASIC computer languages. Testing of the model using historical data of the failures of Teton and Huaccoto dams showed that timing, shape, and magnitude of the predicted outflow hydrograph were adequately simulated by this model. The same is true for the dimensions of the terminal breach. A sensitivity analysis indicated that internal friction angle and the relation for surface erosion were the major factors affecting the model results.  相似文献   

基于水位和雨量的洪涝受灾面积评估模型研究     

周月华  郭广芬  邵末兰  李竹君 《湖北气象》2007,26(4):323-327

在分析湖北省洪涝灾害孕灾环境和致灾因子的基础上,利用民政部门整理的1951～2000年洪涝受灾面积资料,建立了基于长江中游流域逐月最高水位和湖北省5～10月降水总量的湖北省洪涝灾害受灾面积定性和定量评估模型,并给出了该模型2001～2006年的独立样本检验值,探讨了该模型在年度灾害趋势预估和灾后评估中的应用。  相似文献   

基于ArcObjects的海南省防洪应急指挥系统设计与实现     

李敏  李晓明  赖丽华 《地理空间信息》2007,5(2):25-27

针对海南省台风、洪水灾害频繁的特点,论述了海南省防洪应急指挥系统的总体设计、系统结构设计和主要功能模块设计等内容。该系统已在实际中得到了应用。  相似文献   

注水开发过程中原油的水洗作用初探   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

郭建军  陈践发  李粉丽  段文标  王义凤 《地球化学》2007,36(2):215-221

注水开发过程中的水洗作用是一个以往被忽略,但又十分重要的问题.通过对3口井、时间间隔为20年的6个原油样品系统的地球化学测试与对比研究,探讨了注水开发过程中水洗作用对原油的改造作用以及各种地球化学参数的变化特征和规律.结果表明,在注水开发过程中,水洗作用对芳烃的影响远大于饱和烃,主要表现在芳烃组分的含量明显降低,一些芳烃类化合物的含量和芳烃参数也发生了显著的变化.认为这些变化是注水开发过程中原油遭受水洗作用的特征性标志,并对油源对比和油气运移等研究具有参考意义.  相似文献   

泡沫复合驱应用方案的模拟评价     

于会宇  黄梅 《华北地质》2006,29(2):145-149

在泡沫复合驱油矿场试验过程中,由于压缩机注入压力以及现有注采工艺技术的限制,导致泡沫复合驱实际应用方案与实验方案有很大差异。为了正确评价试验效果,本文对泡沫复合驱应用方案进行了室内模拟评价,认为气液比是影响驱替效果最为重要的因素。随着气液比的下降,最终采出程度是下降的,气液交替周期对泡沫复合驱的影响非常明显。同时还进行了不同渗透率油层泡沫复合驱效果、泡沫复合驱和普通的三元复合驱油效果对比评价,认为相比于普通的ASP复合驱,泡沫复合驱技术具有明显的优势。这一试验对今后泡沫复合驱技术的进一步发展具有意义。  相似文献