Impact of lithology and soil properties on abandoned dryland terraces during the early stages of soil erosion by water in south‐east Spain          下载免费PDF全文

Carlos Martínez‐Hernández  Jesús Rodrigo‐Comino  Asunción Romero‐Díaz 《水文研究》2017,31(17):3095-3109

Soil erosion by water in abandoned dry terraces is one of the most important environmental problems in semiarid areas, enhancing biological degradation and reducing possible resources that can be obtained. However, little is known about the effects of the types of lithology and soil properties on the early stages of soil erosion. Therefore, the main aim of this research was to assess the effect of different lithologies (marls, limestones, and metamorphic—phyllites, schists, and greywackes—materials) and soil properties on the early stages of soil erosion by water in abandoned dry terraces, compared with similar terraces still in agricultural use. Soil analyses (texture, aggregate stability, and bulk density) and 22 rainfall simulations were carried out under dry conditions. During the experiments, local inclination, vegetation and stone cover, total organic matter, and antecedent soil moisture were also quantified. The results showed that the highest soil loss (41.41 g/m² in cultivated plots and 17.05 g/m² in the abandoned plots) and runoff (3.79 L/m² in the abandoned plot) occurred on marl substrata. Marls also showed the shallowest infiltration front (9 cm) and lowest infiltration rate (4.3 cm/min). Limestones and, especially, metamorphic areas, showed a lower degree of soil erosion, higher infiltration rates, and deeper infiltration fronts.  相似文献   

基于地物光谱分析的WorldView-2数据岩性识别:以新疆乌鲁克萨依地区为例   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

金剑  田淑芳  焦润成  高虎 《现代地质》2013,27(2)

针对新疆维吾尔自治区西昆仑乌鲁克萨依地区的岩性出露情况,采用WorldView-2遥感影像数据进行岩性识别研究。在分析研究区内不同岩性的实测光谱曲线特征的基础上,针对在岩性识别过程中出现的不同岩性色彩反差弱、异物同谱、岩层表层浅覆盖等一系列问题,结合高空间分辨率WorldView-2数据波段特点和数据统计特征,确定了最佳波段组合,并采用主成分分析降低了波段间的高相关性。在此基础上进行反差增强、纹理增强等处理,提高了不同岩性对比度,去除了外界因素对光谱信息的干扰,为精确识别不同岩性提供了可靠依据。  相似文献   

泰国Phetchabun盆地Wichian Buri次盆新生界火山岩岩性识别及岩相展布特征          下载免费PDF全文

朱小二  杨尚锋  史超群 《中国地质调查》2019,6(2):48-57

新生界火山岩是泰国Phetchabun盆地Wichian Buri次盆的主要含油气岩系,但因火山岩喷发环境复杂,喷发期次频繁,造成火山岩岩性复杂,识别难度较大,岩相展布不清,这些因素严重制约着油气的进一步勘探和开发。通过岩心、岩石薄片、测井及地震等资料分析,总结了研究区火山岩的岩性特征,并提出相应的识别方法,同时对火山岩的发育期次和岩相展布进行了研究。结果表明:①研究区火山岩类型丰富,从基性岩至酸性岩、熔岩至火山角砾岩都有发育,以偏碱性玄武岩为主; ②自然伽马、密度及光电吸收界面指数测井对火山岩成分变化最为敏感,成像测井可以提供火成岩的结构和构造信息,两者结合可准确地识别火山岩岩性; ③结合测井和地震响应特征,研究区新生界火山岩为3期喷发的产物,可识别出火山通道相、溢流相、爆发相和火山沉积相等岩相类型,并预测其分布规律。研究成果为研究区火山岩的岩性识别提供了有效手段,并明确了岩相展布特征,可为研究区的油气勘探和开发提供一定的依据。  相似文献   

遥感技术在云南建水地区1∶5万区域地质调查中的应用     

周慧敏  郝伟涛 《江苏地质》2019,43(1):111-121

通过龙朋等6幅1∶5万区域地质调查,对云南建水地区进行遥感地质解译和蚀变信息提取。在充分收集数据资料、了解掌握该区地质背景的基础上,利用Landsat ETM+和2.5 m高分辨率ALOS遥感数据,进行各种图像增强处理。结合地质资料,建立解译标志,对研究区的岩性地层、断裂、线性构造进行解译。分析典型蚀变矿物的波谱特征,利用ETM+遥感数据提取与矿化紧密相关的蚀变异常信息,将提取的线性构造和蚀变异常信息与研究区地质、矿产资料结合,对遥感异常区进行初步评价,明确找矿方向,为研究区后续找矿工作提供参考。  相似文献   

火山岩储集层特征研究综述     

刘传友  狄晓磊  李磊  孙威 《地下水》2019,(1):106-111

近些年来,随着国内外在火山岩油气藏勘探开发方面的不断突破,火山岩这一特殊油气储层也受到了国内外学者的广泛关注。火山岩储集层的发育受岩浆性质、喷发活动等的影响,岩性、岩相类型多变,加之后期经历了多期的构造作用和成岩作用致使火山岩储集层的储集空间类型变得十分复杂。本文在综述火山岩储集层岩性、岩相研究现状和总结前人分类的基础上,将火山岩的储集空间总结为原生孔隙、次生孔隙和裂缝三个大类,以及原生气孔,残余气孔,砾间孔,晶间晶内孔,斑晶溶蚀孔,脱玻化孔,杏仁体溶蚀孔,基质溶蚀孔,角砾间溶孔,隐爆裂缝,冷凝收缩缝,构造裂缝,风化裂缝,溶蚀缝14个小类。并且讨论了火山岩储集空间与岩性及岩相的关系。  相似文献   

松辽盆地龙西地区泉四段砂岩岩石学特征及其对储层物性的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

连承波  钟建华  杨玉芳  渠芳  杨军 《沉积与特提斯地质》2010,30(1):61-66

松辽盆地龙西地区泉四段主要为岩屑长石砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩,成份成熟度较低,粒度较细,分选中等偏差,填隙物主要为粘土矿物和方解石。研究表明,储层物性随着石英含量的增加而变好,而随着岩屑含量的增加而变差,说明成份成熟度影响岩石的抗压性,进而影响储层的物性。泉四段砂岩中的长石主要通过钾长石的溶蚀作用改善储层物性。粒度大小和均匀程度与储层物性呈正相关关系,砂岩粒度的均匀程度也是形成低孔低渗储层的内在因素之一。  相似文献   

扬州市地质构造背景与氡浓度之间关系分析   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

宋意勤  孙桂石  王振友  吴新明 《上海国土资源》2010,31(Z1)

本文通过对扬州市区地层岩性、地质构造、断裂及放射性元素氡的特性分析,阐明了地区地层岩性、地质构造、断裂与放射性元素氡的形成和运移之间存在的关系,为地区建设工程氡浓度检测与控制提供依据。  相似文献   

基于K均值动态聚类分析的地球物理测井岩性分类方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王祝文  刘菁华  任莉 《华东地质学院学报》2009,32(2):152-156

在地球物理测井数据处理与解释中,岩性识别是地层评价、油藏描述等方面的一项重要内容.利用计算机自动进行岩性识别已成为测井解释发展的重要方向、人们研究和关注的内容.聚类分析是数据挖掘中的一个重要研究领域,是一种数据划分或分组处理的重要手段和方法.K均值算法是聚类算法中主要算法之一,它是一种基于划分的聚类算法.依据不同岩性在常规测井资料中的不同响应,根据K均值动态聚类方法的原理,结合其它资料,对井中的岩性进行分类,从而达到了区分和识别钻孔不同岩性的目的.  相似文献   

Lithological and fluvial controls on the geomorphology of tropical montane stream channels in Puerto Rico     

Andrew S. Pike  Frederick N. Scatena  Ellen E. Wohl 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2010,35(12):1402-1417

An extensive survey and topographic analysis of five watersheds draining the Luquillo Mountains in north‐eastern Puerto Rico was conducted to decouple the relative influences of lithologic and hydraulic forces in shaping the morphology of tropical montane stream channels. The Luquillo Mountains are a steep landscape composed of volcaniclastic and igneous rocks that exert a localized lithologic influence on the stream channels. However, the stream channels also experience strong hydraulic forcing due to high unit discharge in the humid rainforest environment. GIS‐based topographic analysis was used to examine channel profiles, and survey data were used to analyze downstream changes in channel geometry, grain sizes, stream power, and shear stresses. Results indicate that the longitudinal profiles are generally well graded but have concavities that reflect the influence of multiple rock types and colluvial‐alluvial transitions. Non‐fluvial processes, such as landslides, deliver coarse boulder‐sized sediment to the channels and may locally determine channel gradient and geometry. Median grain size is strongly related to drainage area and slope, and coarsens in the headwaters before fining in the downstream reaches; a pattern associated with a mid‐basin transition between colluvial and fluvial processes. Downstream hydraulic geometry relationships between discharge, width and velocity (although not depth) are well developed for all watersheds. Stream power displays a mid‐basin maximum in all basins, although the ratio of stream power to coarse grain size (indicative of hydraulic forcing) increases downstream. Excess dimensionless shear stress at bankfull flow wavers around the threshold for sediment mobility of the median grain size, and does not vary systematically with bankfull discharge; a common characteristic in self‐forming ‘threshold’ alluvial channels. The results suggest that although there is apparent bedrock and lithologic control on local reach‐scale channel morphology, strong fluvial forces acting over time have been sufficient to override boundary resistance and give rise to systematic basin‐scale patterns. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Log evaluation of fractured igneous reservoirs in Songliao Basin   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Baozhi PAN Lihua ZHANG Ying ZHANG Chen HUANG 《东北亚地学研究》2007,10(1):65-68

The petrophysical parameters are bad in most igneous reservoirs of Songliao Basin because of the very low porosity and permeability. The evaluation of igneous reservoirs has not been fully studied so far. The current technique of formation evaluation and interpretation used in sedimentary formations face a series of prob- lems and difficulties. In this study, The PCA was used to identify lithology, a multi-mineral model “QAPM” was proposed. “Surface effect” must be considered when evaluating saturation. A software “SIMPLE” was developed and was used to deal with the logging data in over 70 wells with good results were achieved.  相似文献