海南岛近海海域7个沉积岩芯的现代沉积速率及其分布特征   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

许冬  龙江平  钱江初  席鹏 《海洋学研究》2008,26(3):9-17

利用多道α能谱仪,对2005年8～9月在海南岛近海采集的7个沉积岩芯进行了210Pb的沉积速率测定,探讨了海南岛近海陆架上现代沉积速率的区域性分布特征,结果表明:位于港湾内的B1168站位由于沉积物供应充足,有最高的沉积速率,达2.9 cm/a;位于河口海湾附近且受沿岸流影响的B289站位,有很高的沉积速率,可达1.6 cm/a,沉积环境较稳定;位于西南海底沙脊区北缘且靠近昌化江河口的B97、B135、B10站位也有较高沉积速率,分别达到1.0、0.89和0.47 cm/a,在表层都出现了210Pb放射性活度倒置的现象,表明所处区域有较强混合作用;处于西南外陆架的C4站位受北部湾环流影响,沉积速率为0.6 cm/a;位于东部外陆架的B377站位处于上升流区,沉积速率较低,为0.21 cm/a.可见,海南岛近海陆架上的现代沉积速率存在着明显的区域分布:在物质来源丰富的沿岸流作用区和河口区附近,现代沉积速率很高;在陆架环流沉积作用区,现代沉积速率也较高;在水深较大的外陆架上,由于沉积物供应相对匮乏,沉积速率一般较低;在近岸潮流沙脊区,由于水动力很强,无法形成现代细粒沉积.同时,在陆架上,沉积速率有随着水深的增加而降低的趋势.由此可见,海南岛近海海域的沉积速率与该区的物质供应、水动力条件和海底地形等因素有密切关系.  相似文献   

Impact of Human Activities on Depositional Process of Tidal Flat in Quanzhou Bay of China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

WANG Aijun 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2007,17(3):265-269

As a very important component of a coastal system,tidal flats come to be a focus of the studies on land-ocean interaction in the coastal zone because those areas are subjected to intense human activities and are highly sensitive to the global change.The Quanzhou Bay,located along the middle part of Fujian coast of China,covers about 136.4km2,and the area of coastal wetland in the entire bay from intertidal to subtidal with 6m of water depth accounts for 96% of the total area.Seven short cores were collected and divided in situ with the interval of 5cm on the coastal wetlands of Quanzhou Bay on April 19,2006.The sediment samples were scattered and the grain sizes were measured by using Mastersizer 2000.Human beings' activities on tidal flat have disturbed the vertical distribution of sediments in stratigraphic sequence and accelerated the sedimentation rates.Grain size analysis results show that the grain size diameters increase and sediment becomes worse sorted towards the sea under the strong human disturbance;Spartina alterniflora can play a role of trapping the fine sediment;but near the bank,the sediment becomes coarse and there are two peak values on frequency curve influenced by the sandpile.The trough formed by human activities along the coastline changes the transport path of water and suspended sediment.The sediments are transported through the trough and deposit in it during the flood;the ebb flow is retarded by the flow output through the adjacent trough,and the deposited sediment can not be re-suspended;then,the sedimentation rate increases.In situ observation show that the sedimentation rate is about 8-10cm/yr.  相似文献   

Extensional fault and fold growth: Impact on accommodation evolution and sedimentary infill     

Christopher Sb Serck  Alvar Braathen 《Basin Research》2019,31(5):967-990

Extensional faults and folds exert a fundamental control on the location, thickness and partitioning of sedimentary deposits on rift basins. The connection between the mode of extensional fault reactivation, resulting fault shape and extensional fold growth is well‐established. The impact of folding on accommodation evolution and growth package architecture, however, has received little attention; particularly the role‐played by fault‐perpendicular (transverse) folding. We study a multiphase rift basin with km‐scale fault displacements using a large high‐quality 3D seismic data set from the Fingerdjupet Subbasin in the southwestern Barents Sea. We link growth package architecture to timing and mode of fault reactivation. Dip linkage of deep and shallow fault segments resulted in ramp‐flat‐ramp fault geometry, above which fault‐parallel fault‐bend folds developed. The folds limited the accommodation near their causal faults, leading to deposition within a fault‐bend synclinal growth basin further into the hangingwall. Continued fold growth led to truncation of strata near the crest of the fault‐bend anticline before shortcut faulting bypassed the ramp‐flat‐ramp structure and ended folding. Accommodation along the fault‐parallel axis is controlled by the transverse folds, the location and size of which depends on the degree of linkage in the fault network and the accumulated displacement on causal faults. We construct transverse fold trajectories by tracing transverse fold hinges through space and time to highlight the positions of maximum and minimum accommodation and potential sediment entry points to hangingwall growth basins. The length and shape of the constructed trajectories relate to the displacement on their parent faults, duration of fault activity, timing of transverse basin infill, fault linkage and strain localization. We emphasize that the considerable wavelength, amplitudes and potential periclinal geometry of extensional folds make them viable targets for CO₂ storage or hydrocarbon exploration in rift basins.  相似文献   

Effects of substratum type on fish assemblages in shallow areas of a tropical estuary     

José Amorim Reis‐Filho  Alexandre Clistenes de Alcântara Santos 《Marine Ecology》2014,35(4):456-470

While there is already a comprehensive understanding of the effects of environmental variables, such as dissolved oxygen, temperature and salinity, on the structure, biomass and metabolism of aquatic biota in estuarine habitats, the effect of sedimentation, a harmful underlying factor, remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the differences in fish assemblages along the freshwater to salt water gradient of a large tropical estuary, and to evaluate the effects on them of habitat disturbance associated with shallow water sedimentation in the intertidal areas. Fish and environmental variables were recorded in the upper, middle and lower salinity zones of the estuary at ebb tide in both the dry and wet seasons. Sediment samples associated with different levels of habitat disturbance were analysed using granulometry, and their organic content and dissolved oxygen levels were quantified. Water temperature, salinity, pH and dissolved oxygen levels were also measured. Habitat disturbance was found to be correlated with the density, biomass and richness of fish assemblages. A total of 77 species were recorded, forming two distinct fish assemblages, with the Eleotridae family dominating in the upper zone, and Gerreidae, Gobiidae and Tetraodontidae the most common in the middle and lower estuary. Changes in the structure of fish assemblages, including reductions in density, biomass and richness, were associated with disturbance to natural features, where muddy sediment was replaced by sandy sediment and the quantity of organic matter fell. Atherinella brasiliensis was the species which showed a preference for the disturbed areas in the middle and lower zones, while Dormitator maculatus showed a preference for them in the upper estuary. They may be taken as indicators of habitat disturbance due to shallow sedimentation.  相似文献   

同构造沉积分析反演逆冲构造变形过程--燕山东段凌源南部中生代逆冲构造变形过程研究   总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14  

张长厚  徐德斌  张维杰  Tim COPE  王根厚  孙卫华  肖伟峰  张忠义  张军龙 《地学前缘》2004,11(3):227-243

介绍了同构造沉积分析的基本概念、研究思路、主要研究方法及其在区域构造变形过程研究中的重要作用。基于对辽西凌源南部区域构造变形、晚侏罗世土城子组同构造沉积粗碎屑沉积物成分变化规律的研究 ,获得如下主要认识 :( 1)同构造沉积始于髫髻山组火山活动之后 ;沉积物成分变化及古水动力特征表明 ,同构造沉积物源区主体位于盆地西侧褶皱隆起区 ,而不是来自南东方向的大型逆冲断层上盘的前渊沉积 ;而且显示了正常层序的物源区倾斜岩层的剥蚀和揭顶过程 ;当时的剥蚀作用已达中元古界蓟县系雾迷山组上部。 ( 2 )分布于郭家店盆地和邓杖子盆地之间的中元古界长城系地层“残片” ,与其东侧北票组间为向SEE逆冲的断层接触 ,而西侧与土城子组 (原邓杖子组 )之间为不整合接触 ;在老虎沟东南长城系地层“残片”不复存在的区域 ,土城子组不整合于北票组之上。该“残片”很可能是髫髻山组火山活动之前指向SEE的逆冲构造变形形成的飞来峰构造的残余部分。( 3 )凌源南部中生代逆冲构造变形可以区分为 :早侏罗世北票组之前 (印支期 )由北向南的逆冲作用、北票组之后髫髻山组之前向SEE的冲断推覆、髫髻山组之后的逆冲褶皱变形与同构造沉积作用以及九佛堂组之后局部的逆冲作用。指向SEE的主要逆冲作用以及伴生褶皱变形  相似文献   

渤海湾北岸Bg10孔磁性地层研究及其构造意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

袁桂邦  胥勤勉  王艳  杨吉龙  秦雅飞  杜东 《地质学报》2014,88(2):285-298

对渤海湾北岸孔深600m的Bg10孔进行了详细的沉积学和古地磁研究,划分了39个沉积单元;基于516个样品(60个交变样品,456个热退样品)分离出的特征剩磁,建立了钻孔的磁性地层,并与标准极性年表相对比,确定正极性N1、N2、N3、N4、N5、N6和N7分别对应C1n、C1r.1n、C2n、C2r.1n、C2An.1n、C2An.2n和C2An.3n,R1、R2、R3、R4、R5和R6分别对应C1r.1r、C1r.2r+C1r.3r、C2r.1r、C2r.2r、C2An.1r和C2An.2r。钻孔B/M界限埋深162.3m,M/G界限埋深为475.8m,钻孔底部位于C2An.3n内,其年龄应小于3.596Ma。Bg10孔包括3个沉积阶段:Ⅰ阶段为3.3~3.6Ma,沉积速率略大于130m/Ma,为构造活动期,唐县期夷平面结束后,盆地沉降和山体隆升的差异增大,并与西部地区的青藏运动A幕相对应;Ⅱ阶段为1.9~3.3Ma,沉积速率为112m/Ma,为盆地的填充过程,气候变化控制沉积过程,但沧县隆起和黄骅坳陷之间沉降仍有差异。Ⅲ阶段为0~1.9Ma,沉积速率为202m/Ma,约在1.0~1.2Ma发生一期构造活动,与西部地区的昆黄运动时代大体相当。1.0Ma以来,沉积过程受构造和气候变化双重影响,沧县隆起和黄骅坳陷之间仍有差异沉降。唐山-邢台断裂带可能在1.9Ma之后活动性增强,并和张家口-蓬莱断裂带在沧县隆起上的交汇区域形成一个次级凹陷。  相似文献   

三门峡水库水文要素整编计算软件的设计与实现          下载免费PDF全文

云会才  李亚波  李亚东  李建军  白玉山 《水文》2014,34(1):83-86

本文针对三门峡水库工作实际,分析了目前数字技术条件下三门峡水库水文要素摘录蓄水量计算工作所处的困境和应解决的具体问题,以此为基础提出了三门峡水库水文要素整编计算软件的系统组成和功能模块构成,实现并完成了系统功能设计。  相似文献   

Holocene environmental change and the accumulation–erosion balance of sheltered river-mouth sediments, Göteborg, SW Sweden     

K. Brack  R. L. Stevens  M. Paetzel   《Marine Geology》2000,170(3-4):347-362

Holocene sedimentological change was investigated in 15 sediment piston cores (250 cm long) from the mouth of the Göta älv River, outside of Göteborg, which is sheltered by an archipelago. The main objective was to interpret recent, natural and human-induced influences upon the accumulation–erosion balance and the sedimentary environment from Holocene sediment units. The five main units are: consolidated glaciomarine clay (Facies gC) lowermost, consolidated estuarine clay (Facies dC), soft sub-recent sediment (Facies omC and Facies C) uppermost and dumped sediment (Facies D) in some parts of the study area. The sediment facies are divided by two major hiatuses: (a) the early Holocene hiatus between Facies gC and dC involves a time gap of at least 7000 years, ending at ca. 4000 BP and (b) the late Holocene hiatus between the consolidated clays (Facies gC and dC) and Facies omC spans 1000 years and ends ca. 50 BP (i.e. 100 years ago). Both hiatuses probably relate to the effects of isostatic land uplift. Surface sediments consist mainly of an organic-matter-rich clay facies, suggesting changes in the trophic state of the estuary during the last 100 years. Together with human-induced increased river erosion and loss of accommodation space in the estuary, this caused the onset of sedimentation in the estuary. The recent sediments are contaminated with heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Hg), with highest concentrations in the lower part of Facies omC.  相似文献   

连云港西大堤工程后人工海湾内回淤强度的测算分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张华 《海洋工程》2000,18(1):70-74

本文重点研究了连云港西大堤工程后人工海湾内的回淤状况,得出以下结论：西大堤的封堵使人工海湾内的水动力和泥沙运动产生了明显的变化。但这只是工程后的局部调整,不会造成严重的淤积。由于湾内泥沙供应量的减少,连云港仍将维持冲淤相对平衡的状态。并且,本文以实测资料为依据,对两类主要的回淤预报公式进行了分析评价,证明了这两类公式的合理性和可靠性。  相似文献   

黄河三角洲河道沉积规律研究Ⅰ.建林边滩的形成与演化   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

陈彰榕  范德江 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2000,30(4):673-678

通过对建林边滩形态、沉积物的实地调查 ,查明了建林边滩的形态及沉积物分布特征 ,从河流沉积动力学角度探讨了边滩的形成与演化。建林边滩发育呈“二元结构”,沉积物下粗上细 ,侧向地质作用与垂向地质作用是塑造边滩的根本动力。  相似文献