三峡坝区河谷深槽地貌特征及其成因     

李徐生  杨达源  柯贤坤  ZHOU Lufu  CHEN Deji  YANG Tianmin  XUE Guofu 《地理学报(英文版)》2003,13(4):507-512

This paper describes valley bottom troughs of the Changjiang River and infers the geomorphologic development of troughs. Based on the morphology of the troughs, the following conclusions are drawn. (1) The deep troughs on the Three Gorges valley bottom are formed by river downcutting along the structural zones on the background of regional tectonic uplift at about 40-30 ka BP. (2) When river downcutting occurred in the river bed of Changjiang, the jets current (particularly eddy current) with a large number of pebbles ground and eroded the valley bottom, resulting in trough formation and deepening. Meanwhile, water currents with gravels and pebbles eroded the bank and the left wall of No.76 trough as well as the right wall of No.77 trough by striking, scouring, horizontal and vertical grinding. (3) The depth of the trough is mainly determined by the intensity of the water current and the consistency of bedrock against erosion, and is not controlled hv the altihlde of the sea level as the base level of erosion.  相似文献   

岷江上游半干旱河谷土地利用/土地覆盖研究   总被引：33，自引：4，他引：29  

樊宏  张建平 《中国沙漠》2002,22(3):273-278

岷江上游半干旱河谷土地利用/土地覆盖结构受山地系统特征影响,以林地为主,土地利用类型分布呈垂直带性。人口增长、人民生活水平的提高以及经济政策的激发,导致耕地面积扩大,流域森林面积下降,可采资源消耗贻尽。森林面积减少、耕地面积增长是引起干旱河谷干旱面积范围扩大的重要因素。岷江上游半干旱河谷土地利用优化应以长江流域的持续发展为着眼点,突出大流域生态屏障功能;建立生态补偿机制,完善相关政策法规,以保证生态重建和土地利用结构调整工作的长期稳定性;提高土地利用方式的科技含量;在科学规划的指导下,先易后难,逐步实现生态建设与半干旱河谷的治理。  相似文献   

拉西瓦工程河谷区高地应力场反演与形成机理   总被引：8，自引：6，他引：2  

袁风波  刘建  李蒲健  乔丽苹  李鹏 《岩土力学》2007,28(4):836-842

拉西瓦水电工程坝址区为高山峡谷地貌,受地质构造应力、自重、地表剥蚀和河流侵蚀卸荷等多因素影响而赋存有高地应力,河谷区钻孔岩芯饼化与探洞片状剥落现象明显。由于该区地应力场及其空间分布特征与多期地质构造运动及河谷演化历史等因素密切相关,要合理确定其三维地应力分布状况与大小具有较大难度和复杂性。采用多元回归与逐步回归相结合的方法对工程区域初始地应力场进行了详细反演,在此基础上,深入研究了河谷区地应力场的空间分布特征与规律,并就其形成机理开展了多因素影响效应分析,为我国西部强烈地质作用区高地应力研究及水电工程建设提供了具有参考价值的成果和工程案例。  相似文献   

近20年来中国滨海地带区域经济分异特点研究     

陈月英 《地理科学》2007,27(5):642-647

以地级行政区为地域单元,采用多指标综合作为衡量指标,对中国滨海地带经济地域分异特征即经济发展水平的峰谷相间特征进行了研究。首先研究了峰谷相间地域格局的发育过程;然后探讨了区域产业结构和城市化水平的时序演化特征;最后总结了上述时序过程和空间过程的时空关联特征。研究的结果表明,中国滨海地带已经形成了区域之间、区域组合之间、南与北之间多层次的地域经济分异。  相似文献   

基于多源遥感数据的高山峡谷区岩性信息提取研究——以新疆乌什县北山1:50000填图试点为例     

孟鹏燕  孙杰  于长春  穆超  帅爽  谢菲  孟丹 《地质力学学报》2016,22(4):907-920

新疆乌什县北山1:50000填图试点项目位于塔里木盆地西北边缘和西南天山交接部位,海拔较高,地形切割较深,属于典型的高山峡谷区。利用ASTER、SPOT6、GF-2等多源遥感数据,基于典型岩性光谱吸收特征,进行岩性差异信息增强与提取研究,总结出一套基于多源遥感数据进行岩性单元边界划分的方法。以ASTER数据、ASTER与SPOT6协同数据、ASTER与GF-2协同数据等为基础影像数据,并选择最佳波段组合进行RGB彩色合成,从而增强影像差异,结合已有研究区地质资料,初步圈定不同影像单元边界;继而利用矿物丰度指数、SMACC端元丰度提取等方法识别研究区内主要岩性的分布位置和范围;最后结合野外实际调查数据,依据实际地质背景和影像质量进行筛选,获得最终的岩性单元解译图。研究结果为该区进一步进行地层优化划分及对比提供了参考资料。   相似文献   

金沙江巧家—蒙姑段的阶地发育与河谷地貌演化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘芬良  高红山  李宗盟  潘保田  苏怀 《地理学报》2020,75(5):1095-1105

金沙江水系演化与河谷发育问题长期以来是地质地貌学界关注的重大问题,目前仍存在较大争议。河流阶地及其相关沉积是河谷发育过程的产物,可以提供河谷发育的时代与形式等诸多信息。金沙江在巧家—蒙姑段河谷中,葫芦口附近发育和保存了8级基座阶地,结合光释光和电子自旋共振测年方法,依据古气候资料,推断T6~T1的下切时间分别对应于深海氧同位素（MIS）的36/35、34/33、24/23、20/19、14/13和4/3阶段,即气候由冷至暖的转型期。青岗坝附近则发育了5级由堰塞湖相沉积组成的堆积型阶地,指示了中更新世以来该段河谷在下切过程中经历了频繁的滑坡堵江堰塞,发育形式以“下切—滑坡—堰塞—堆积—下切”过程为主。此外,河流的平均下切速率自0.82 Ma以来由此前的0.56 mm/a下降至0.19 mm/a,表明中更新世以来频繁发生的堵江堰塞事件严重抑制了该段河谷的下切作用。综合流域内河流阶地序列及相关沉积的研究,金沙江下游段现代河谷的形成时代不晚于早更新世。  相似文献   

基于可公度性网络分析的淮河蚌埠站大洪水预测研究     

李秀斌  门可佩  李相辉  庄小东  刘学媛  秦秀荣 《南京气象学院学报》2013,5(2):178-183

根据1916—2010年淮河蚌埠水文站大洪水资料,运用信息预测理论,构建大洪水可公度有序网络结构,同时采用峰谷定位法、前兆法等方法对淮河大洪水进行综合分析和预测.结果表明:2013—2014年淮河(蚌埠站)将有可能发生大洪水.  相似文献   

元谋干热河谷浅沟测量方法比较与精度评价     

赵亚凯  邓青春  刘辉  杨海青  杨枫  汪宇濛 《测绘通报》2022,(12):70

为探究不同测量方法获取浅沟数据的精度,本文以元谋干热河谷区浅沟为例,采用RTK、三维激光扫描、近景摄影测量等多种测量方法获取浅沟数据,建立DEM并提取浅沟形态参数,对比近景摄影测量以不同方式获取标记坐标后建立DEM的差异,同时以测针板实测浅沟横剖面为参照,对比分析不同测量方法获取浅沟横剖面的精度。结果表明：RTK获取密度较低的点数据,建立的DEM较粗糙,仅体现沟缘大致走向;近景摄影测量+RTK方法测得的DEM高程整体低于近景摄影测量+全站仪所得DEM高程;利用三维激光扫描仪和近景摄影测量+全站仪两种方法获取数据所提取的浅沟形态参数精度较高;对比浅沟横剖面,横剖面近景摄影测量+全站仪测量所得与实测横剖面重合度较高。因此,利用近景摄影测量+全站仪进行浅沟测量,在精度、效率等方面优势较大。  相似文献   

Geochemistry,and zircon U–Pb and molybdenite Re–Os geochronology of Jilongshan Cu–Au deposit,southeastern Hubei Province,China     

A‐Juan Pang  Sheng‐Rong Li  M. Santosh  Qing‐Yu Yang  Bao‐Jian Jia  Cheng‐Dong Yang 《Geological Journal》2014,49(1):52-68

The Jilongshan skarn Cu–Au deposit is located at the Jiurui ore cluster region in the southwestern part of the Middle–Lower Yangtze River valley metallogenic belt. The region is characterized by NW‐, NNW‐ and EW‐trending faults and the mineralization occurs at the contact of lower Triassic carbonate rocks and Jurassic granodiorite porphyry intrusions. The intrusives are characterized by SiO₂, K₂O, and Na₂O concentrations ranging from 61.66 to 67.8 wt.%, 3.29 to 5.65 wt.%, and 2.83 to 3.9 wt.%, respectively. Their A/CNK (A/CNK = n(Al₂O₃)/[n(CaO) + n(Na₂O) + n(K₂O)]) ratio, δEu, and δCe vary from 0.77 to 1.17, 0.86 to 1, and 0.88 to 0.96, respectively. The rocks show enrichment in light rare earth elements ((La/Yb)_N = 7.61–12.94) and large ion lithophile elements (LILE), and depletion in high field strength elements (HFSE), such as Zr, Ti. They also display a peraluminous, high‐K calc‐alkaline signature typical of intrusives associated with skarn and porphyry Cu–Au–Mo polymetallic deposits. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) zircon U–Pb age indicates that the granodiorite porphyry formed at 151.75 ± 0.70 Ma. A few inherited zircons with older ages (677 ± 10 Ma, 848 ± 11 Ma, 2645 ± 38 Ma, and 3411 ± 36 Ma) suggest the existence of an Archaean basement beneath the Middle–Lower Yangtze River region. The temperature of crystallization of the porphyry estimated from zircon thermometer ranges from 744.3 °C to 751.5 °C, and 634.04 °C to 823.8 °C. Molybdenite Re–Os dating shows that the Jilongshan deposit formed at 150.79 ± 0.82 Ma. The metallogeny and magmatism are correlated to mantle–crust interaction, associated with the subduction of the Pacific Plate from the east. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Warm‐temperate,marine, carbonate sedimentation in an Early Miocene,tide‐influenced,incised valley; Provence,south‐east France     

Noel P. James  Margaret J. Seibel  Robert W. Dalrymple  David Besson  Olivier Parize 《Sedimentology》2014,61(2):497-534

The Saumane‐Venasque compound palaeovalley succession accumulated in a strongly tide‐influenced embayment or estuary. Warm‐temperate normal marine to brackish conditions led to deposition of extensive cross‐bedded biofragmental calcarenites. Echinoids, bryozoans, coralline algae, barnacles and benthic foraminifera were produced in seagrass meadows, on rocky substrates colonized by macroalgae and within subaqueous dune fields. There are two sequences, S1 and S2, the first of which contains three high‐frequency sequences (S1a, S1b and S1c). Sequence 1 is largely confined to the palaeovalley with its upper part covering interfluves. Each of these has a similar upward succession of deposits that includes: (i) a basal erosional surface that is bored and glauconitized; (ii) a discontinuous lagoonal lime mudstone or wackestone; (iii) a thin conglomerate generated by tidal ravinement; (iv) a transgressive systems tract series of cross‐bedded calcarenites; (v) a maximum flooding interval of argillaceous, muddy quartzose, open‐marine limestones; and (vi) a thin highstand systems tract of fine‐grained calcarenite. Tidal currents during stages S1a, S1b and S1c were accentuated by the constricted valley topography, whereas basin‐scale factors enhanced tidal currents during the deposition of S2. The upper part of the succession in all but S1c has been removed by later erosion. There is an overall upward temporal change with quartz, barnacles, encrusting corallines and epifaunal echinoids decreasing but bryozoans, articulated corallines and infaunal echinoids increasing. This trend is interpreted to be the result of changing oceanographic conditions as the valley was filled, bathymetric relief was reduced, rocky substrates were replaced as carbonate factories by seagrass meadows and subaqueous dunes, and the setting became progressively less confined and more open marine. These limestones are characteristic of a suite of similar cool‐water calcareous sand bodies in environments with little siliciclastic or fresh water input during times of high‐amplitude sea‐level change wherein complex inboard antecedent topography was flooded by a rising ocean.  相似文献