Helmert方差分量估计在跨江水准测量中的应用     

卫柳艳  岳东杰  李希峰  魏峰远 《测绘与空间地理信息》2006,29(2):116-118

Helmert方差分量估计是一种根据验后信息重新定权来保证观测值权值合理的方法之一,在很多领域已经得到了广泛的应用。本文把Helmert方差分量估计引入跨江水准测量的数据处理中,使观测数据的权值更加合理,平差结果更加准确。  相似文献   

基于虚拟观测的病态问题解法   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

冯光财  戴吾蛟  朱建军  陈正阳 《测绘科学》2007,32(2):38-39,66

在大地测量数据处理领域中,处理病态问题的主要方法有:岭估计方法、奇异值分解法(SVD)、Tik-honov正则化方法等,但是这些方法大多数是强调数学上的意义,没有充分联系大地测量的实际情况,因此不利于在测绘领域病态问题本质的理解和研究。为使病态问题的求解具有实际的物理意义,提出了基于虚拟观测的岭估计方法。该方法将先验约束条件作为一类互相独立的虚拟观测值,从而把病态问题转化为测量平差问题,然后运用Helmert方差估计法来确定岭参数。该方法还可以得到的参数之间的权矩阵,用它来代替虚拟观测值的权矩阵,重新对参数进行计算,则实现了该方法向广义岭估计的推广。实际算例分析的结果表明该方法不仅计算简单而且能保证结果精确。  相似文献   

红外测距在信阳市燃气混气站场区断层水平位移监测中的应用     

程新文  陈性义  吕利萍  赖祖龙  彭少才  陈于 《地质科技情报》2003,22(2):109-112

结合红外精密测距在信阳市燃气混气站场区稳定性研究中的应用,探讨了大气对红外测距的影响;在数据处理中采用了验后方差估计的自由网平差模型,使结果获得了亚毫米级的精度,并将F检验方法应用于变形分析中,得到了同观测结果相一致的结论,从而提高了工程岩土体稳定性定量评价的可信度。  相似文献   

方差体技术在地震勘探中的应用   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

陈凤云 《中国煤田地质》2005,17(2):51-52

三维地震数据体反映了地下一个规则网格的反射情况。当遇到地下有断层或某个局部区域地层不连续变化时，一些地震道的反射特征就会与附近地震道出现差异而导致地震首局部的不连续性。三维方差体技术就是求取三维数据体所有样点的方差值来反映这种不连续性信息。通过该技术在济宁2号井某采区的实际应用，可看出，方差体技术在三维地震信息的自动拾取以及提高地震资料解释成果精度等方面有明显优势，对断层、陷落柱有良好的自动识别能力。  相似文献   

Correcting the Smoothing Effect of Ordinary Kriging Estimates   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Jorge Kazuo Yamamoto 《Mathematical Geology》2005,37(1):69-94

The smoothing effect of ordinary kriging is a well-known dangerous effect associated with this estimation technique. Consequently kriging estimates do not reproduce both histogram and semivariogram model of sample data. A four-step procedure for correcting the smoothing effect of ordinary kriging estimates is shown to be efficient for the reproduction of histogram and semivariogram without loss of local accuracy. Furthermore, this procedure provides a unique map sharing both local and global accuracies. Ordinary kriging with a proper correction for smoothing effect can be revitalized as a reliable estimation method that allows a better use of the available information.  相似文献   

天津市湿地环境变迁及成因分析   总被引：11，自引：4，他引：11  

曹喆  丁立强  梅鹏蔚 《湿地科学》2004,2(1):74-79

应用3S技术对天津湿地环境进行调查，结合地面采集的历史和现状数据，全面分析了天津湿地环境变迁的自然和人为因素。近一个世纪以来，天津湿地持续减少，天然湿地丧失殆尽，人为因素影响是天津湿地环境变迁的主要原因。城市拓展、经济开发对湿地的占用以及水环境污染是目前湿地面临的主要威胁。保护天津湿地要从搞好城市土地利用规划、调整产业结构、控制水污染、加强湿地保护区管理、尽快制定湿地保护法等方面入手。、  相似文献   

Assessing natural and cultural influence on soil in remnant tropical woodlands     

C Y Jim  Michael W H Chan 《Area》2004,36(1):6-18

Rural Hong Kong contains culturally protected enclaves of remnant woodlands that provide sanctuary for vegetation, wildlife and soil. This study focuses on the influence of natural and cultural factors on soil properties in woodlands with different human activities. At each of the nine selected sites, two pits were dug to collect soil samples for analysis of 24 physical and chemical properties. Analyses of variance between soil attributes and site factors suggest the prominence of woodland size, and important contribution of topography, aspect and parent material. Soil indicators of human impacts and the tenacity of woodland soil towards anthropogenic disturbance were demonstrated.  相似文献   

Fitting the Linear Model of Coregionalization by Generalized Least Squares   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Bernard Pelletier  Pierre Dutilleul  Guillaume Larocque  James W. Fyles 《Mathematical Geology》2004,36(3):323-343

In geostatistical studies, the fitting of the linear model of coregionalization (LMC) to direct and cross experimental semivariograms is usually performed with a weighted least-squares (WLS) procedure based on the number of pairs of observations at each lag. So far, no study has investigated the efficiency of other least-squares procedures, such as ordinary least squares (OLS), generalized least squares (GLS), and WLS with other weighing functions, in the context of the LMC. In this article, we compare the statistical properties of the sill estimators obtained with eight least-squares procedures for fitting the LMC: OLS, four WLS, and three GLS. The WLS procedures are based on approximations of the variance of semivariogram estimates at each distance lag. The GLS procedures use a variance–covariance matrix of semivariogram estimates that is (i) estimated using the fourth-order moments with sill estimates (GLS₁), (ii) calculated using the fourth-order moments with the theoretical sills (GLS₂), and (iii) based on an approximation using the correlation between semivariogram estimates in the case of spatial independence of the observations (GLS₃). The current algorithm for fitting the LMC by WLS while ensuring the positive semidefiniteness of sill matrix estimates is modified to include any least-squares procedure. A Monte Carlo study is performed for 16 scenarios corresponding to different combinations of the number of variables, number of spatial structures, values of ranges, and scale dependence of the correlations among variables. Simulation results show that the mean square error is accounted for mostly by the variance of the sill estimators instead of their squared bias. Overall, the estimated GLS₁ and theoretical GLS₂ are the most efficient, followed by the WLS procedure that is based on the number of pairs of observations and the average distance at each lag. On that basis, GLS₁ can be recommended for future studies using the LMC.  相似文献   

基于方差分量估计的自适应融合导航   总被引：23，自引：4，他引：23  

杨元喜  高为广 《测绘学报》2004,33(1):22-26

多源传感器观测信息的精度一般不一致,利用方差分量估计理论可以合理地顾及各传感器观测信息在融合导航解中的权比.首先给出基于多源观测信息的融合导航解算模式,进而基于方差分量估计讨论了各传感器观测信息在融合导航解中的合理平衡问题,然后应用自适应因子顾及动力学模型预报信息的贡献,给出了计算过程,并利用模拟数据进行了试算与比较.  相似文献   

阿克苏霜期规律初探   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈颖  史红政 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2004,27(2):16-17

通过分析1971～2000年阿克苏市初、终霜期及无霜期序列，初步探讨了它们的变化趋势、分布频率等气候特征，指出了初霜期推迟、终霜期提前、无霜期增长的变化趋势，而这种变化趋势与气候变暖理论相一致。  相似文献