Environment, Development and Change in Rural Asia-Pacific – Between Local and Global – Edited by John Connell and Eric Waddell     

Ooi Giok Ling 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2008,29(2):241-242

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Sensitivity of ground-motion scenarios to earthquake source parameters in the Tehran metropolitan area,Iran     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2012

The northern Tehran fault (NTF) is a principal active fault of the Alborz mountain belt in the northern Iran. The fault is located north of the highly populated Metropolitan Area of Tehran. Historical records and paleoseismological studies have shown that the NTF poses a high seismic risk for the Tehran region and the surrounding cities (e.g. Karaj). A series of ground-motion simulations are carried out using a hybrid kinematic-stochastic model to calculate broadband (0.1–20 Hz) ground-motion time histories for deterministic earthquake scenarios (M7.2) on the NTF. We will describe the source characteristics of the target event to develop a list of scenario earthquakes that are probably similar to a large earthquake on the NTF. The effect of varying different rupture parameters such as rupture velocity and rise time on the resulting broadband strong motions has been investigated to evaluate the range of uncertainty in seismic scenarios. The most significant parameters in terms of ground-shaking level are the rise time and the value of the rupture velocity. For the worst-case scenario, the maximum expected horizontal acceleration, and velocity at rock sites in Tehran range between 128 and 1315 cm/s/s and 11–191 cm/s, respectively. For the lowest scenario, the corresponding values range between 102 and 776 cm/s/s and 12 to 81 cm/s. Nonlinear soil effects may change these results but are not accounted for in this study. The largest variability of ground motion is observed in neighborhood of asperity and also in the direction of rupture propagation. The calculated standard deviation of all ground-motion scenarios is less than 30% of the mean. The capability of the simulation method to synthesize expected ground motions and the appropriateness of the key parameters used in the simulations are confirmed by comparing the synthetic peak ground motions (PGA, PGV and response spectra) with empirical ground-motion prediction equations.  相似文献   

Assessing environmental risks through fuzzy parameterized probabilistic analysis   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

X. S. Qin 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2012,26(1):43-58

A fuzzy parameterized probabilistic analysis (FPPA) method was developed in this study to assess risks associated with environmental pollution-control problems. FPPA integrated environmental transport modeling, fuzzy transformation, probabilistic risk assessment, fuzzy risk quantification into a general risk assessment framework, and was capable of handling uncertainties expressed as fuzzy-parameterized stochastic distributions. The proposed method was applied to two environmental pollution problems, with one being about the point-source pollution in a river system with uncertain water quality parameters and the other being concerned with groundwater contaminant plume from waste landfill site with poorly known contaminant physical properties. The study results indicated that the complex uncertain features had significant impacts on modeling and risk-assessment outputs; the degree of impacts of modeling parameters were highly dependent on the level of imprecision of these parameters. The results also implied that FPPA was capable of addressing vagueness or imprecision associated with probabilistic risk evaluation, and help generate risk outputs that could be elucidated under different possibilistic levels. The proposed method could be used by environmental managers to evaluate trade-offs involving risks and costs, as well as identify management solutions that sufficiently hedge against dual uncertainties.  相似文献   

X荧光分析仪在地质工作中运用实例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵志强  杜晓冉  李铭  胡呈祥 《化工矿产地质》2005,27(1):47-49

X 荧光分析技术具有快速测定、适合野外作业、成本低、仪器轻便等特点。运用新型X 荧光仪进行样品分析,可以快速得到样品检测结果,以指导下步地质矿产勘查、工程施工等工作,大大加快工作进度、提高工程效率,对缩短地质矿产勘查周期有着重要意义。  相似文献   

Application of perfectly matched layers in the transient analysis of dam–reservoir systems     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2014

The transient analysis of dam–reservoir systems by employing perfectly matched layers has been investigated. In previous studies, boundary conditions of the PML region in the reservoir have been neglected. In this paper, they are incorporated completely in the formulation. Moreover, a technique is introduced to involve the effect of incident waves caused by vertical ground motions at the reservoir bottom in the analysis. Performing several numerical experiments indicates that applying boundary conditions of the PML domain and utilizing the proposed method for vertical excitation cases reduce the computational cost significantly and make the PML method a very efficient approach for the transient analysis of dam–reservoir systems.  相似文献   

内蒙古乌里雅斯太凹陷南洼槽坡折带粗砾斜坡扇沉积特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵莹彬  马立祥  谢丛娇  马奎祥  郭发军 《地质与资源》2012,21(2):205-210

斜坡扇沉积属重力流事件沉积,在我国陆相断陷湖盆中也有发育,是一种重要的相类型.针对乌里雅斯太凹陷南洼槽东部坡折带发育一套厚度大、粒级粗和相变快的砾岩体,通过精细的岩心观察,结合测井、3D地震,以及岩石分析资料等,认为该砾岩体应属于低位体系域重力流成因机制的斜坡扇沉积,并论述了研究区内的斜坡扇相带的划分,分析了其平面的相分布特征,建立了该研究区沉积相模式,为研究区岩性油气藏的进一步勘探开发提供了依据.  相似文献   

The history of water salinity in the Pearl River estuary,China, during the Late Quaternary   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yongqiang Zong  Fengling Yu  Guangqing Huang  Jeremy M. Lloyd  Wyss W.‐S. Yim 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2010,35(10):1221-1233

This research reconstructed the Late Quaternary salinity history of the Pearl River estuary, China, from diatom records of four sedimentary cores. The reconstruction was produced through the application of a diatom–salinity transfer function developed based on 77 modern surface sediment samples collected across the estuary from shallow marine environment to deltaic distributaries. The statistical analysis indicates that the majority of sediment samples from the cores has good modern analogues, thus the reconstructions are reliable. The reconstructed salinity history shows the older estuarine sequence formed during the last interglacial was deposited under similar salinity conditions to the younger estuarine sequence, which was formed during the present interglacial. Further analysis into the younger estuarine sequence reveals the interplays between sea level, monsoon‐driven freshwater discharge, and deltaic shoreline movement, key factors that have influenced water salinity in the estuary. In particular, a core from the delta plain shows the effects of sea‐level change and deltaic progradation, while cores from the mouth region of the estuary reveal changes of monsoon‐driven freshwater discharge. This study demonstrates the advantages of quantitative salinity reconstructions to improve the quality of reconstruction and allow direct comparison with other quantitative records and the instrumentally observed values of salinity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

TEC measurements and modelling over Southern Africa during magnetic storms; a comparative analysis     

John Bosco Habarulema  Lee-Anne McKinnell  Ben D.L. Opperman 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2010,72(5-6):509-520

This paper presents the results from a study designed to investigate the ability of a newly developed neural network (NN) based model to follow total electron content (TEC) dynamics over the Southern African region. The investigation is carried out by comparing results from the NN model with actual TEC data derived from Global Positioning System (GPS) observations and TEC values predicted by the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI-2007) model during magnetic storm periods over Southern Africa. The magnetic storm conditions chosen for the study presented in this paper occurred during the periods 16–21 April 2002, 1–6 October 2002, and 28 October–01 November 2003. A total of six South African GPS stations were used for the validation of the two models during these periods. A statistical analysis of the comparison between the actual TEC behaviour and that predicted by the two models is shown. In addition, ionosonde measurements from the South African Louisvale (28.5°S, 21.2°E) station, located close to one of the validation GPS stations used, are also considered during the Halloween storm period of 28–31 October 2003. The generalisation of TEC behaviour by the NN model is demonstrated by producing predicted TEC maps during magnetic storm periods over South Africa. Presented results demonstrate the ability of NNs in predicting TEC variability over South Africa during magnetically disturbed conditions, and highlight areas for improvement.  相似文献   

Ground‐motion attenuation relationship for the Sumatran megathrust earthquakes     

Kusnowidjaja Megawati  Tso‐Chien Pan 《地震工程与结构动力学》2010,39(8):827-845

A representative attenuation relationship is one of the key components required in seismic hazard assessment of a region of interest. Attenuation relationships for peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity and response spectral accelerations for Sumatran megathrust earthquakes, covering M_w up to 9.0, are derived based on synthetic seismograms obtained from a finite‐fault kinematic model. The relationships derived are for very hard rock site condition and for a long‐distance range between 200 and 1500 km. They are then validated with recorded data from giant earthquakes on the Sumatran megathrust occurring since year 2000. A close examination of the recorded data also shows that spectral shapes predicted by most of the existing attenuation relationships and that specified in the IBC code are not particularly suitable for sites where potential seismic hazard is dominated by large‐magnitude, distant, earthquakes. Ground motions at a remote site are typically signified by the dominance of long‐period components with periods longer than 1 s, whereas the predominant periods from most of the existing attenuation relationships and the IBC code are shorter than 0.6 s. The shifting of response spectrum towards longer period range for distant earthquakes should be carefully taken into account in the formulation of future seismic codes for Southeast Asia, where many metropolises are located far from active seismic sources. The attenuation relationship derived in the present study can properly reproduce the spectral shape from distant subduction earthquakes, and could hopefully give insights into the formulation of future seismic codes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Agricultural effluent control under uncertainty: An inexact double-sided fuzzy chance-constrained model     

Y. Xu  X.S. Qin 《Advances in water resources》2010

An inexact double-sided fuzzy chance-constrained programming (IDFCCP) method was developed in this study and applied to an agricultural effluent control management problem. IDFCCP was formulated through incorporating interval linear programming (ILP) into a double-sided fuzzy chance-constrained programming (DFCCP) framework, and could be used to deal with uncertainties expressed as not only possibility distributions associated with both left- and right-hand-side components of constraints but also discrete intervals in the objective function. The study results indicated that IDFCCP allowed violation of system constraints at specified confidence levels, where each confidence level consisted of two reliability scenarios. This could lead to model solutions with high system benefits under acceptable risk magnitudes. Furthermore, the introduction of ILP allowed uncertain information presented as discrete intervals to be communicated into the optimization process, such that a variety of decision alternatives can be generated by adjusting the decision-variable values within their intervals. The proposed model could help decision makers establish various production patterns with cost-effective water quality management schemes under complex uncertainties, and gain in-depth insights into the trade-offs between system economy and reliability.  相似文献