锁固型斜坡失稳机理及其物理预测模型   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

薛雷  秦四清  泮晓华  陈竑然  杨百存  张珂 《工程地质学报》2018,26(1):179-192

稳定性受潜在滑面上锁固段所控制的一类斜坡,称之为锁固型斜坡,其失稳机理较为直观明确,我们认为突破斜坡失稳预测这一世界性科学难题应从该类斜坡入手。本文总结了当前有关锁固型斜坡的分类研究,认为可将其分成两大体系;指出锁固型斜坡演化3阶段与锁固段变形破坏过程之间存在内在联系,其演化过程之所以出现加速蠕滑阶段,是因为锁固段损伤累积至体积膨胀点后所致;发现锁固段峰值强度点和残余强度点可视为锁固型斜坡演化进程中的两个特征灾变点,其分别对应着突发型和渐变型滑坡的发生;基于锁固段损伤本构模型和重正化群理论,导出了体积膨胀点、峰值强度点与残余强度点三者之间的量化力学联系,构建了锁固型斜坡失稳的物理预测模型;据此模型对盐池河山崩、新滩滑坡和Libby坝左坝肩楔形岩质滑坡的回溯性预测效果良好,并可合理解释其失稳机理;阐述了该模型的使用原则和配套技术方法,以便于实际应用。  相似文献   

Multiple timescale constraints for high-flux magma chamber assembly prior to the Late Bronze Age eruption of Santorini (Greece)     

T.?Flaherty  T.?H.?DruittEmail author  H.?Tuffen  M.?D.?Higgins  F.?Costa  A.?Cadoux 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2018,173(9):75

The rhyodacitic magma discharged during the 30–80 km³ DRE (dense rock equivalent) Late Bronze Age (LBA; also called ‘Minoan’) eruption of Santorini caldera is known from previous studies to have had a complex history of polybaric ascent and storage prior to eruption. We refine the timescales of these processes by modelling Mg–Fe diffusion profiles in orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene crystals. The data are integrated with previously published information on the LBA eruption (phase equilibria studies, melt inclusion volatile barometry, Mg-in-plagioclase diffusion chronometry), as well as new plagioclase crystal size distributions and the established pre-LBA history of the volcano, to reconstruct the events that led up to the assembly and discharge of the LBA magma chamber. Orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene and plagioclase crystals in the rhyodacite have compositionally distinct rims, overgrowing relict, probably source-derived, more magnesian (or calcic) cores, and record one or more crystallization (plag???opx?>?cpx) events during the few centuries to years prior to eruption. The crystallization event(s) can be explained by the rapid transfer of rhyodacitic melt from a dioritic/gabbroic region of the subcaldera pluton (mostly in the 8–12 km depth range), followed by injection, cooling and mixing in a large melt lens at 4–6 km depth (the pre-eruptive magma chamber). Since crystals from all eruptive phases yield similar timescales, the melt transfer event(s), the last of which took place less than 2 years before the eruption, must have involved most of the magma that subsequently erupted. The data are consistent with a model in which prolonged generation, storage and segregation of silicic melts were followed by gravitational instability in the subcaldera pluton, causing the rapid interconnection and amalgamation of melt-rich domains. The melts then drained to the top of the pluton, at fluxes of up to 0.1–1 km³ year^??1, where steep vertical gradients of density and rheology probably caused them to inject laterally, forming a short-lived holding chamber prior to eruption. This interpretation is consistent with growing evidence that some large silicic magma chambers are transient features on geological timescales. A similar process preceded at least one earlier caldera-forming eruption on Santorini, suggesting that it may be a general feature of this rift-hosted magmatic system.  相似文献   

Geochronology and Geochemistry of Early Cretaceous A-type Granites in Central–Eastern Inner Mongolia,China: Implications for Late Mesozoic Tectonic Evolution of the Southern Great Xing'an Range     

ZHANG Yanwen  ZHANG Xiaofei  CHEN Lixin  PANG Zhenshan  CHEN Hui  XUE Jianling  ZHOU Yi  TENG Chao  CHEN Guochao 《《地质学报》英文版》2023,97(4):1094-1111

The southern Great Xing’an Range is the most critical Sn-polymetallic metallogenic belt in northeast China. However, the tectonic setting of the Early Cretaceous magmatic-metallogenic ”flare-up“ event remains uncertain. This paper presents an integrated study on the occurrence, petrology, zircon U-Pb ages, whole-rock geochemistry, and in situ zircon Hf isotopes for Wenduerchagan granites of Xi Ujimqin Banner, central-eastern Inner Mongolia. These granites consist primarily of granite porphyry(wi...  相似文献   

基于仿生视觉的单相机光场成像及3-3维直接转换基础     

赵守江  赵红颖  杨鹏  赵海盟  Anand ASUNDI  晏磊 《测绘学报》2018,47(6):809-815

本文是机器视觉参量下的三维数字摄影测量智能构象第三部分,以仿生复眼运动目标捕获的3-3-2信息处理方式为切入点,提出生物利用复眼进行三维成像的基本原理,然而由于传统仿生视觉受到硬件条件制约,所以本文在仿生复眼3-3-2信息获取理论的基础上,利用新一代微透镜阵列光场相机技术,提出了一种以单张光场影像获取目标场景深度信息的方法,并将其应用至绝对深度测量中。由于光场影像的一个重要的特性在于记录进入相机的不同光线的强度与方向信息,本文提出利用光线信息进行多深度层次重聚焦的方法,通过对物点在不同层次进行聚焦代价计算,确定出物点成像的平面,最终构建基于物点成像平面位置的深度图。与传统的光场深度估计相比,本文方法计算的深度图可以显著提升分辨率,且不依赖于光场微透镜的数目。为了验证本文方法的有效性,利用本文的算法与现有的深度信息的算法进行深度计算的比较。  相似文献   

Predicting permeability of tight carbonates using a hybrid machine learning approach of modified equilibrium optimizer and extreme learning machine     

Kardani  Navid  Bardhan  Abidhan  Gupta  Shubham  Samui  Pijush  Nazem  Majidreza  Zhang  Yanmei  Zhou  Annan 《Acta Geotechnica》2022,17(4):1239-1255

Acta Geotechnica - It is a problematic task to perform petro-physical property prediction of carbonate reservoir rocks in most cases, specifically for permeability prediction since a carbonate rock...  相似文献   

Kaolin-nucleation-based biotreated calcareous sand through unsaturated percolation method     

Ma  Guoliang  Xiao  Yang  He  Xiang  Li  Jun  Chu  Jian  Liu  Hanlong 《Acta Geotechnica》2022,17(8):3181-3193

Acta Geotechnica - Ocean development is an effective and practical way to address resource issues, such as food, fuel, and land shortage. The current work proposed using kaolin-based biocement to...  相似文献   

南极威德尔海冬季冰脊形拖曳力          下载免费PDF全文

谭冰  卢鹏  李志军  HAAS Christian  NICOLAUS Marcel 《水科学进展》2012,23(6):869-877

利用2006年南极威德尔海冬季科学考察期间由机载激光高度计测得的海冰上表面形态数据,以拖曳分割理论为基础研究了冰脊形拖曳力及其对冰-气总拖曳力的贡献以及中性条件下对应10 m高度处风速的冰-气拖曳系数C_dn(10)。结果显示,在密集冰区,冰脊形拖曳力及其对总拖曳力的贡献随冰脊强度(脊高/脊距)的增大呈递增趋势,而随粗糙长度的增大而减小,对应于威德尔海冬季典型冰脊强度和粗糙长度,占总拖曳力的35%,说明了冰脊形拖曳力在冰-气界面动量交换中的重要作用。C_dn(10)随冰脊强度的增大而增大,但冰脊强度较小时,C_dn(10)随粗糙长度增大而增大;而对较大的冰脊强度,C_dn(10)则随粗糙长度增大而减小。  相似文献   

Effects of meteorological and hydrogeological factors on gross recharge percentage at unconfined sandy aquifers with an equatorial climate     

Stephen Boon Kean Tan  Eng Ban Shuy  Lloyd Hock Chye Chua 《水文研究》2007,21(18):2493-2503

A thorough understanding of rainfall recharge processes and their controlling factors is essential for management of groundwater systems. This study investigates the effects of various meteorological and hydrogeological factors on the gross recharge percentages, the rainfall–recharge relationships and the recharge threshold values for unconfined sandy aquifers under an equatorial climate. Among the meteorological factors investigated, rainfall intensity was found to have the most significant impact on the gross recharge rate. The effects of potential evaporation rate, relative humidity and air temperature on the gross recharge percentage were significant when the vadose zone thickness is larger than 2·5 m. The recharge threshold values were found to depend strongly on the vadose zone thickness. The rainfall–recharge relationships could generally be well defined by a normal–log relationship. The rainfall–recharge relationships derived here are applicable to yield estimates of gross recharge percentages for unconfined sandy aquifers under an equatorial climate, using rainfall intensity and vadose zone thickness as input variables. In this study, a theory was developed and validated to provide physical explanations for the observations, based on the residence time of the percolated rainwater within the vadose zone. Among the soil hydraulic parameters tested, porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity were found to have the most pronounced effects on the gross recharge percentage. Utilizing the sensitivity results and the theory derived, an approach was developed for extending the application of the derived rainfall–recharge relationships to other sand textures. The approach was found to be capable of producing rough and fast estimations of gross recharge percentage for other sand textures. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Catastrophic early Holocene sea level rise,human migration and the Neolithic transition in Europe     

《Quaternary Science Reviews》2007,26(17-18):2036-2041

The collapse of the Laurentide Ice Sheet and release of freshwater 8740–8160 years ago abruptly raised global sea levels by up to 1.4 m. The effect on human populations is largely unknown. Here we constrain the time of the main sea level rise and investigate its effect on the onset of the Neolithic across Europe. An analysis of radiocarbon ages and palaeoshoreline reconstruction supports the hypothesis that flooding of coastal areas led to the sudden loss of land favoured by early farmers and initiated an abrupt expansion of activity across Europe, driven by migrating Neolithic peoples.  相似文献   

Combating piracy and armed robbery in Asia: The ReCAAP Information Sharing Centre (ISC)     

Joshua Ho 《Marine Policy》2009

The Regional Cooperation Agreement on Combating Piracy and Armed Robbery Against Ships in Asia (ReCAAP) Information Sharing Centre (ISC) is an international organisation that comprises 14 member countries in the region. Despite its many advantages, the ISC has some weaknesses, which when addressed could bring regional cooperation to a new level and which could make the ISC a model for other regions.  相似文献