茂兰喀斯特森林林隙物种多样性的动态规律   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

龙翠玲 《山地学报》2009,27(3)

分析了茂兰喀斯特森林不同大小和发育阶段林隙物种多样性的动态变化规律。结果表明：林隙中乔木、灌木、草本和藤本植物的多样性指数H′在140～210 m2时最大,随林隙面积的进一步扩大,H′呈下降趋势。乔木、灌木和草本的多样性指数H′在林隙形成的20～30 a间达最大值,随林隙年龄的增加而减小。藤本植物的多样性指数H′在林隙形成初期至40 a时逐渐增加,在40 a时达最大值,最大值出现时间较其他生长型滞后。各生长型物种丰富度指数R1和均匀度指数J的变化趋势总体上与物种多样性指数相一致,生态优势度λ值与物种多样性指数几乎相反。乔木和藤本植物的多样性指数随林隙大小和年龄的变化趋势较灌木和草本植物和缓,灌木和草本植物对林隙环境的时空变化最为敏感。  相似文献   

Effects of grazing and climate change on species diversity in sandy grassland, Inner Mongolia, China     

HaLin Zhao  oshiya Okuro  RuiLian Zhou  YuLin Li  XiaoAn Zuo  Gang Huang 《寒旱区科学》2009,1(1):0030-0038

To understand the effects of animal grazing activities and climate change on sandy grassland vegetation in northern China, a field grazing and protected enclosure experiment was conducted from 1992 through 2006 in Horqin Sand Land, Inner Mongolia. The results showed that (1) the grazing was primary responsible for changes of the vegetation richness and diversity in the grazing grassland and that changing climate was the main reason for changes in the species richness and diversity in the grassland protected from grazing; (2) light and moderate grazing can promote restoration of the richness and the diversity in the degraded grassland, and heavy grazing could result in a decrease of the richness and diversity; (3) heavy grazing can result in significant decrease of the perennial diversity, and moderate and light grazing promotes increase of the perennial diversity; the grazing, whether heavy or moderate and light grazing, was beneficial to increase of the annual diversity; (4) heavy grazing was not beneficial to diversity of Graminean and Chenopodiaceae, and moderate and light grazing was favorable the diversity of Compositae and Chenopodiaceae; (5) the warm-humid climate was favorable to increase of the richness and the diversity, and the warm-drought climate could result in decease of the richness and the diversity; (6) increased precipitation was favorable to perennial diversity and the diversity of Graminean, Leguminosae, and Compositae, and decreased precipitation had few effects on the annual diversity and Chenopodiaceae diversity.  相似文献   

内蒙古荒漠-草原过渡带灌木群落特征     

宋兆斌  辛智鸣  朱雅娟 《中国沙漠》2022,42(2):104-112

荒漠-草原过渡带是草原逐渐被荒漠取代的区域.沿阿拉善左旗-乌拉特后旗调查灌木群落,分析植物群落的结构和物种多样性,以期为生物多样性保育提供理论依据.结果表明:该荒漠-草原过渡带有62种植物,隶属于18科、47属,禾本科、藜科、豆科和菊科的植物较多.植物主要由灌木和多年生草本构成,以旱生植物为主,主要包括红砂(Reaum...  相似文献   

基于Theil指数的广东省入境旅游经济时空差异研究     

王建军 《地域研究与开发》2012,31(1):99-103,115

运用Theil指数定量评价了1990-2009年广东省入境旅游经济时空尺度上的市际、地带间和地带内差异变化状况,其结论如下:(1)在时间尺度上,广东入境旅游经济市际差异Tp、地带内差异Twr演变呈逐渐收敛趋同的阶梯状下降趋势;珠三角地带间及地带内差异也呈阶梯状下降,东翼、西翼、山区地带间及地带内演变趋势不明显.(2)在空间尺度上,广东省入境旅游经济发展存在非均衡性,市际差异Tp主要来源于地带内差异Twr的贡献,尤其是珠三角地带内差异的贡献;珠三角与东翼、西翼、山区地带间差异较大,而东翼、西翼、山区地带间差异很小,地带间差异Tbr指数珠三角＞东翼＞山区＞西翼.引入区域分离Separation(缩写为SEP)指数来定量比较广东省四大地带入境旅游经济分离收敛的空间变化规律,并对广东省入境旅游经济发展提出相关建议.  相似文献   

旅游干扰对五台山植被景观区植物多样性的影响          下载免费PDF全文

程占红  赵蒙 《干旱区地理》2012,35(4):578-586

 物种多样性是衡量景区生态环境质量的重要指标之一。通过计算物种的多样性指数、科属、区系、生活型和生态型特征,利用除趋势对应分析方法对五台山旅游干扰下植物多样性的格局进行了研究,结果表明：在不同地理因子和物种多样性的作用下,各类植被景观区表现出一定的格局规律。在排序图上,以灌木层和草本层植物为主的Ⅲ区、Ⅳ区和Ⅶ区位于左侧,以乔木层、灌木层和草本层植物为主的Ⅰ区、Ⅱ区、Ⅵ区和Ⅴ区位于中间,仅有乔木层的Ⅸ区位于右侧。坡位、海拔和旅游影响系数与DCA第一轴和第二轴的相关性均较大,说明这3个因子对植物多样性的格局有重要影响。研究结果有益于五台山景区的生态管理。  相似文献   

甘肃敦煌西湖荒漠湿地植物群落物种多样性特征研究   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

陈文业  张继强  赵明  王志广  吴三雄  袁海峰  康建军  孙飞达  王永恒 《中国沙漠》2012,32(6):1639-1646

 基于375个样方和150条样线的调查,对甘肃敦煌西湖荒漠-湿地生态系统植物群落物种多样性进行了研究。结果表明:①区内共记录植物26种,分属16科24属,芦苇（Phragmites australis）、多枝柽柳（Tamarix ramosissima）和胡杨（Populus euphratica）为绝对优势种,苏枸杞（Lycium ruthenicum）、疏叶骆驼刺（Alhagi sparsifolia）和胀果甘草（Glycyrrhiza inflata）为主要伴生种,其平均重要值依次为0.4728、0.4563、0.4342、0.2908、0.2594和0.2455。植物群落分多枝柽柳群落、胡杨群落、胀果甘草群落、疏叶骆驼刺群落、多枝柽柳沙包群落、苏枸杞群落、芦苇沼泽群落和芦苇群落8个类型。②植物群落物种多样性指数偏低（0.784～1.379）,多枝柽柳群落、胡杨群落和芦苇群落物种多样性指数最大（1.379、1.266和1.194）,群落之间差异显著（P＜0.05）;疏叶骆驼刺群落和苏枸杞群落次之（1.154、1.077）,胀果甘草群落、芦苇沼泽和多枝柽柳沙包群落最低（0.919、0.881、0.784）,各群落之间不存在显著差异。③灌（乔）木层是敦煌西湖植被主要层次,灌（乔）木层物种多样性指数（0.549～1.077）大于草本层（0.052～1.038）。④物种多样性指标H′、D、J和Ma随海拔梯度增加基本均显下降趋势,而指数C变化趋势则相反,表现为上升,均匀度指数变化幅度不显著。⑤物种多样性指标H′、D、J和Ma随经纬度升高变化趋势基本一致,均表现为先下降,后上升,再下降,而优势度指数C变化趋势则相反。  相似文献   

中国中、东部典型样区不同发展水平下土壤与土地利用多样性的对比分析(英文)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

段金龙  张学雷 《地理学报(英文版)》2012,22(6):1101-1116

Two typical provincial capitals (Nanjing and Zhengzhou) and two counties (Rugao and Yuanyang) in east (Jiangsu Province) and central (Henan Province) China were chosen respectively as the developed and less developed comparative cases for pedodiversity and land use diversity correlative analysis by borrowing the recently better developed pedodiversity methodology. Land use classification was worked out using remote sensing images in three different periods (1986-1988, 2000-2001 and 2004-2006) for these studied case areas before the calculation of the constituent diversity index and spatial distribution diversity index modified after Shannon entropy in 2 km×2 km grid scale of the soil and land use pattern were conducted and then a connection index was proposed to evaluate the relationship between soil and land use diversity. Results show that during the years from 1986 to 2006, the composition and spatial distribution of regional land use pattern had changed greatly. The agricultural land area of all the studied case areas decreased obviously in which Nanjing has the highest decrement of 895.98 km 2 mainly into urban use while the other land use type area changes show the same trend. The connection index of four typical soil family types and typical urban land use types, i.e., urban construction land, transportation land and industrial and mining area all increased in this period. In the studied case areas, there is the highest soil constituent diversity in Zhengzhou at 0.779 while the simplest soil constituent diversity in Rugao at 0.582. Meanwhile we have higher land use diversity in the more urbanized Jiangsu Province than Henan Province, Nanjing is ranking the first that has been getting higher and higher in the three periods at 0.366 in 1986-1988, 0.483 in 2000-2001 and 0.545 in 2004-2006. Finally, the connection index figures to evaluate the relationship between soil and land use diversity of the studied areas were compared to show the similar phenomenon that this figure grows fastest in Nanjing followed by Zhengzhou and other places.  相似文献   

莫莫格国家级自然保护区的鱼类多样性     

杨富亿  吕宪国  娄彦景  娄晓楠  薛滨  姚书春  肖海丰  王波 《湿地科学》2012,10(2):214-222

2008～2010年,在鱼类资源调查的基础上,分析了莫莫格国家级自然保护区的鱼类多样性特征。调查结果显示,莫莫格国家级自然保护区有鱼类物种5目11科42属49种,其中本区土著种5目10科38属45种,包括中国特有种4种,中国易危种5种,冷水种8种,国家II级保护动物1种。土著种群落中,有鲤形目(Cyprini-formes)鱼类32种,鲤科(Cyprinidae)鱼类29种,鮈亚科(Gobioninae)鱼类13种;古北界北方区黑龙江亚区黑龙江分区的物种为22种;源于东部平原和北方平原生态类群的鱼类有27种;适应于江—湖缓流环境和淡水定居生活的鱼类有33种;草上产卵和水层产卵繁殖的鱼类有37种;杂食性和初级肉食性种类有28种,它们均相对占优势。莫莫格国家级自然保护区与嫩江的鱼类群落物种结构Jaccard系数和Morisita-Horn相似性指数分别为0.918和0.838;稀有种(包括中国易危种)和常见种分别为14种和25种;物种多度格局近似于对数正态分布。这些结果表明,莫莫格国家级自然保护区的鱼类多样性与嫩江密切相关,鱼类区系复杂,物种组成与生态类型多样;群落结构相对较稳定,多样性程度相对较高,但仍面临着稀有种(包括中国易危种)尚占有一定比例而导致群落结构脆弱的潜在威胁。保持嫩江鱼类群落结构的稳定,对维护和发展莫莫格国家级自然保护区的鱼类多样性具有特别重要的意义。  相似文献   

广西北仑河口红树林湿地大型底栖动物多样性的初步研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

何祥英  苏搏  许廷波  农立成  叶朝放  李啸宇 《湿地科学与管理》2012,8(2):44-48

2010年7月对广西北仑河口红树林湿地的大型底栖动物进行调查,共发现大型底栖动物8门10纲46科106种,其中软体动物49种,甲壳类36种,多毛类10种,其它类11种。生物量优势种和密度优势种都是软体动物门的珠带拟蟹守螺。大型底栖动物平均生物量是103.09g/m2,平均密度是196个/m2。与历史调查数据比较,本次调查发现了69种本地新种;对比国内6个红树林区底栖动物群落结构,其生物量及栖息密度属于中等偏下,物种多样性指数高于其它红树林区。结果表明:底栖动物的生物量及栖息密度与红树林发育状况呈负相关的关系,物种多样性与红树林发育状况呈正相关的关系。  相似文献   

Genetic diversity of wild barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum) and its utilization for barley improvement     

XiaoYing M  Chao Li  AiDong Wang  RuiJun Duan  GenLin Jiao  Eviatar Nevo  GuoXiong Chen 《寒旱区科学》2012,4(6):0453-0461

Wild barley (Hordeum vulgare spp. spontaneum) is the undisputed progenitor of cultivated barley and offers considerable potential as a genetic resource for barley improvement. Naturally occurring populations are distributed primarily across the Fertile Crescent, but secondary areas of diversity are also found in central Asia and Tibet. The pattern of its genetic diversity is non-random, and is structured on a global, regional and local scale. On a global scale, diversity follows ecogeography, while on a regional and local scale, it is more strongly determined by ecology. Populations growing in areas where the climate is unreliable and/or the soil is heterogeneous tend to retain the most diversity. A large number of accessions are currently conserved ex situ, but a high proportion of these have originated from the Fertile Crescent. Given the likelihood of future climate change, conserving germplasm both in situ and ex situ in the various regions where the species’ currently existing is a research priority. The value of H. vulgare spp. spontaneum for the improvement of cultivated barley lies largely in its potential contribution to the levels of attainable pathogen resistance and abiotic stress tolerance.  相似文献