铝合金钻杆强度的模拟仿真分析     

周海龙  刘宝昌  王骕  李闯 《世界地质》2017,36(3):1008-1014

与传统的钢制钻杆相比,铝合金钻杆具有密度小、比强度高、无磁等优点,因此在钻井作业中具有较大优势。钻杆在井下工作环境恶劣,如与井壁发生碰撞,将导致钻杆变形,降低其强度。笔者通过Ansys LS-DYNA以及Workbench进行仿真,研究Φ147 mm铝合金钻杆与孔壁碰撞后的变形状态,以及产生裂纹后对其强度进行分析。结果表明,Φ147 mm铝合金钻杆在使用过程中,钻杆主体段相对薄弱,在2 m/s的速度下与钻孔壁发生碰撞会产生塑性变形,从而降低铝合金钻杆的性能。钻杆主体段的裂纹长度1 mm时,在载荷作用下,将发生裂纹扩展,导致钻杆断裂。钻杆主体段有裂纹时,在疲劳载荷作用下,有裂纹的钻杆所能承受的载荷是无裂纹钻杆所能承受载荷的五分之一。  相似文献   

A semi-empirical dilatancy model for ballast fouled with plastic fines     

Beena K. SarojiniAmma  Buddhima Indraratna 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2019,14(1):12-17

In the era of high speed trains, it is very important to ensure the stability of rail tracks under adverse conditions including the fouling of ballast. Fouling of ballast from unstable and saturated soft subgrade soil is one of the major reasons for track deterioration. The reported results of a number of large-scale laboratory experiments on the shear behaviour of ballast and fouled ballast are analysed, herein. It was observed that fines have a significant influence on the shear behaviour of ballast. Shear strength increases and dilatancy decreases with the addition of fines. In this paper, a semi-empirical mathematical model has been proposed to capture the dilatancy of ballast fouled with fines during shearing. The empirical constants a, b and c proposed in the model are a function of the fines content Void Contamination Index (VCI). The results of the model have been compared with the laboratory experiments and are found to be in good agreement.  相似文献   

Evaluation of embankment foundation creep in conditions of deep bedding of roof in permafrost soils     

Evgeny Ashpiz  Lev Khrustalev 《寒旱区科学》2013,5(5):0534-0539

Railroad operating experience in permafrost conditions has shown that deformations of embankments on thawing foun-dations last for a long time. After an initial period of heat settlement due to permafr...  相似文献   

Rheological behavior of dredged slurries at high water contents     

Gui-Zhong Xu  Ying Zhang  Ruo-Bing Sun 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2017,35(3):357-364

Each year in the world, there is significant amount of dredged slurries generated during geotechnical jobs. In the slurry storage process, the rheological behavior is a key factor affecting the motion of dredged slurries. To gain better understanding on this behavior, experiments on dredged slurries with different liquid limits are conducted using rotary viscometer. It has been found that, as water content increases, slurry property can change from Bingham plastic fluids to Newtonian fluids. In log–log coordinates, their corresponding yield stress and plastic viscosity are in linear relationship with their water contents and the intersection of these two lines can be treated as the turning point which is 4.7 times the liquid limit. The yield stress and plastic viscosity of different dredged slurries can be normalized efficiently using normalized water content. So, in this paper, a new quantitative prediction method for yield stress and plastic viscosity is proposed, which is effective for use in alkined modes of motion, is proposed.  相似文献   

Is the Montreal Protocol a model that can help solve the global marine plastic debris problem?     

《Marine Policy》2017

The impacts of plastic debris on the marine environment have gained the attention of the global community. Although the plastic debris problem presents in the oceans, the failure to control land-based plastic waste is the primary cause of these marine environmental impacts. Plastics in the ocean are mainly a land policy issue, yet the regulation of marine plastic debris from land-based sources is a substantial gap within the international policy framework. Regulating different plastics at the final product level is difficult to implement. Instead, the Montreal Protocol may serve as a model to protect the global ocean common, by reducing the production of virgin material within the plastics industry and by regulating both the polymers and chemical additives as controlled substances at a global level. Similar to the Montreal Protocol, national production and consumption of this virgin content can be calculated, providing an opportunity for the introduction of phased targets to reduce and eliminate the agreed substances to be controlled. The international trade of feedstock materials that do not meet the agreed minimum standards can be restricted. The aim of such an agreement would be to encourage private investment in the collection, sorting and recycling of post-consumer material for reuse as feedstock, thereby contributing to the circular economy. The proposed model is not without its challenges, particularly when calculating costs and benefits, but is worthy of further consideration by the international community in the face of the global threats posed to the ocean by plastics.  相似文献   

岩石嵌固掏挖基础抗拔承载特性及其影响因素研究          下载免费PDF全文

郑卫锋  聂兰磊  韩杨春 《地震工程学报》2016,38(6):883-888

岩石嵌固掏挖基础目前已经广泛应用于电力基础工程中。原状土由于受扰动较小,胶结性强,具有良好的抗剪强度,对掏挖基础抗拔承载力具有重要影响,因此研究原状土参数变化对基础上拔承载性能的影响规律具有重要意义。结合现场试验,建立数值模型,研究土体黏聚力、内摩擦角、弹性模量对基础上拔承载性能的影响规律。研究表明:土体内摩擦角和黏聚力对基础抗拔承载力具有较大影响,而弹性模量影响程度较低;参数的变化对土体塑性区发展规律影响较小。  相似文献   

Ice- and cryogel-soil composites in water-retaining elements in embankment dams constructed in cold regions     

N. K. Vasiliev  A. A. Ivanov  I. N. Shatalin  V. V. Sokurov 《寒旱区科学》2013,5(4):0444-0450

There are a number of serious problems connected with building and repairing water-retaining elements in embankment dams in cold regions. One of them is the difficulty in finding inexpensive clay materials with the necessary structural properties and using them in the winter. Another is the cracks that appear in the upper part of a dam when the core freezes to the banks, and leakage along the cracks threatens to destroy the dam. Still another is the process of erosion at the bottom of the core which may occur through fissures in the rock foundation of a dam and in transport constructions. Also, the behaviour of water-retaining elements during earthquakes is unreliable. All of these problems can be solved by using ice- and cryogel-soil composites created by cryotropic gel formation (CGF). Our laboratory investigations demonstrate that the materials proposed for water-retaining elements have the necessary permeable, plastic, thermophysical, and strength properties to solve all of these problems. Certain constructions of water-retaining elements which may prove to be both safe and cost-effective are proposed. However, these ice- and cryogel-soil composites need to be field-validated before they are used in dams and transport structures in cold regions.  相似文献   

锦州湾表层海水微塑料分布特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

曲玲  张微微  王旭  郭洪发  陈元  李明浩  张守锋  赵骞  王菊英 《海洋学报》2021,43(2):98-104

海洋微塑料是全球关注的新兴环境问题,海湾由于特殊的地理环境特征,成为微塑料分布研究的热点区域。本研究以锦州湾为研究海域,于2017年10月布设了11个点位开展表层海水微塑料样品采集,在实验室采用湿式氧化法开展样品前处理,应用傅立叶变换显微红外光谱仪分析鉴定微塑料成分。研究结果表明,锦州湾表层水体微塑料平均丰度为(0.93±0.59)个/m3,微塑料数量占全部塑料样品的96.2%。微塑料的主要成分为聚丙烯和聚乙烯,分别占55.0%和23.5%;线状和片状塑料的比例最高,分别占41.7%和26.2%;白色、蓝色和半透明微塑料分别占35.1%、26.0%和21.4%。受水动力条件和陆域河流输入等影响,锦州湾表层水体中微塑料的空间分布整体呈现北部偏高,向南部递减的趋势。  相似文献   

Numerical Modeling of Sediment Mass Sliding and Tsunami Generation: The Case of February 7, 1963, in Corinth Gulf,Greece     

G. A. Papadopoulos  L. I. Lobkovsky  R. Kh. Mazova  I. A. Garagash  V. Karastathis  L. Yu. Kataeva 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(4):315-331

Numerical modeling of a landslide process at the continental slope by taking into account slope parameters is performed for the tsunami event of February 7, 1963, reported in the Corinth Gulf, central Greece. A layered sediment structure was considered, and an initial external dynamic action at the landslide process was introduced. The results obtained were quite consistent with the observational runup data as well as with the results arrived at by conventional rigid-body and viscous-fluid models. However, this approach permits to describe in detail the formation of several wave groups and particular tsunami characteristics that are strongly dependent on the landslide model.  相似文献   

琥珀与仿琥珀塑料的放大检查     

李平  方竹 《地质科学译丛》2009,(4):28-30

目前市场上仿琥珀产品很多,对其鉴别较困难。通过放大检查琥珀与仿琥珀塑料样品的包裹体与外部特征,结果发现,两者存在较多的差异,如蜜蜡与仿蜜蜡塑料的条纹、爆花琥珀与仿爆花琥珀塑料的裂隙盘、植物珀与仿植物珀塑料的植物枝节特征、虫珀与仿虫珀塑料的昆虫特征等,这些均可用于鉴别琥珀与仿琥珀塑料。  相似文献