柴达木盆地新构造运动主要特征与成因机制   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

杨明慧 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1997,17(3):71-78

研究表明，在壳幔结构、地球物理背景、沉积物结构、多层关地幔和构造样式等方面，达木盆地与中国东部新生代裂谷类伸展盆地具有可比性，应该归属 展性盆 。盆地伸展和收缩作用相间进行，伸展起因于地幔底辟；而收缩受两人因素影响；（１）盆地伸展作用受相邻造山带反作用诱导的挤压应力；（２）板块碰撞传递的远程板内应力。在此基础邮新的构造期达木盆地演化的“双层模式”，即地幔上隆－地壳伸展；被动挤压＋板内应力－地壳收缩  相似文献   

"生态围垦"的前景及发展思路   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

徐承祥 《海洋学研究》2006,24(Z1):1-5

浙江省人多地少,土地供需矛盾突出,而该省滩涂资源却相当丰富,科学开发利用这一资源是解决该省土地资源日趋减少的主要途径,其作用与意义愈加凸显.在加大围垦力度为浙江经济提供强大土地支撑的同时,必须树立"生态围垦"的发展理念和加强"生态围垦"的科学研究,营造优美和谐的生态环境,走可持续围垦之路,提出了实施"生态围垦"的5项措施,为"生态省"建设增添新的内容.  相似文献   

Theoretical aspects of cap-rock and fault seals for single- and two-phase hydrocarbon columns   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

N.L. Watts   《Marine and Petroleum Geology》1987,4(4)

Cap-rock seals can be divided genetically into those that fail by capillary leakage (membrane seals) and those whose capillary entry pressures are so high that seal failure preferentially occurs by fracturing and/or wedging open of faults (hydraulic seals). A given membrane seal can trap a larger oil column than gas column at shallow depths, but below a critical depth (interval), gas is more easily sealed than oil. This critical depth increases with lower API gravity, lower oil GOR and overpressured conditions (for the gas phase). These observations arise from a series of modelling studies of membrane sealing and can be conveniently represented using pressure/ depth (P/D) profiles through sealed hydrocarbon columns. P/D diagrams have been applied to the more complex situation of the membrane sealing of a gas cap underlain by an oil rim; at seal capacity, such a two-phase column will be always greater than if only oil or gas occurs below the seal.These conclusions contrast with those for hydraulic seals where the seal capacity to oil always exceeds that for gas. Moreover, a trapped two-phase column, at hydraulic seal capacity will be less than the maximum-allowed oil-only column, but more than the maximum gas-only column. Unlike membrane seals, hydraulic seal capacity should be directly related to cap-rock thickness, in addition to the magnitude of the minimum effective stress in the sealing layer and the degree of overpressure development in the sequence as a whole.Fault-related seals are effectively analogous to membrane cap-rocks which have been tilted to the angle of the fault plane. Consequently, all of the above conclusions derived for membrane cap-rocks apply to both sealing faults sensu stricto (fault plane itself seals) and juxtaposition faults (hydrocarbon trapped laterally against a juxtaposed sealing unit). The maximum-allowed two-phase column trapped by a sealing fault is greater than for equivalent oil-only and gas-only columns, but less than that predicted for a horizontal membrane cap-rock under similar conditions. Where a two-phase column is present on both sides of a sealing fault (which is at two-phase seal capacity), a deeper oil/water contact (OWC) in one fault block is associated with a deeper gas/oil contact (GOC) compared with the adjacent fault block. If the fault seal is discontinuous in the gas leg, however, the deeper OWC is accompanied by a shallower GOC, whereas a break in the fault seal in the oil leg results in a common OWC in both fault blocks, even though separate GOC's exist. Schematic P/D profiles are provided for each of the above situations from which a series of fundamental equations governing single- and two-phase cap-rock and fault seal capacities can be derived. These relationships may have significant implications for exploration prospect appraisal exercises where more meaningful estimates of differential seal capacities can be made.The membrane sealing theory developed herein assumes that all reservoirs and seals are water-wet and no hydrodynamic flow exists. The conclusions on membrane seal capacity place constraints on the migration efficiency of gas along low-permeabiligy paths at depth where fracturing, wedging open of faults and/or diffusion process may be more important. Contrary to previous assertions, it is speculated that leakage of hydrocarbons through membrane seals occurs in distinct pulses such that the seal is at or near the theoretically calculated seal capacity, once this has been initially attained.Finally, the developed seal theory and P/D profile concepts are applied to a series of development geological problems including the effects of differential depletion, and degree of aquifer support, on sealing fault leakage, and the evaluation of barriers to vertical cross-flow using RFT profiles through depleted reservoirs. It is shown that imbibition processes and dynamic effects related to active cross-flow across such barriers often preclude quantitative analysis and solution of these problems for which simulation studies are usually required.  相似文献   

土壤水盐运移模型研究进展及展望   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

解雪峰  濮励杰  朱明  许艳  王小涵  徐彩瑶 《地理科学》2016,36(10):1565-1572

回顾了国内外土壤水盐运移模型的发展历程,根据土壤水盐运移模型构成的原理和发展趋势,将土壤水盐运移模型分为水盐平衡模型、物理模型和系统模型。借助国内外文献对已有模型的原理和应用进行了介绍,并对存在的问题进行了分析;展望了新形势下土壤水盐运移模型的未来发展趋势和研究重点,旨在为今后土壤水盐运移模型研究提供新的思路。  相似文献   

中国生态旅游研究进展与展望   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

钟林生  马向远  曾瑜皙 《地理科学进展》2016,35(6):679-690

自1992年生态旅游概念引入中国以来,经历了理论介绍到本土化探索的过程,并不断推动中国生态旅游的实践发展。本文以1992-2015年间公开发表的中国生态旅游研究成果为基础,采用系统综述方法,对筛选的1493篇中文核心期刊文献进行梳理与总结,从生态旅游基础理论、生态旅游资源、生态旅游市场、生态旅游开发、生态旅游作用与影响、生态旅游管理与政策等6个方面对国内生态旅游研究展开述评,最后展望了今后中国生态旅游研究需关注的8个方面研究议题。  相似文献   

土地利用多功能性研究进展与展望   总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9  

刘超  许月卿  孙丕苓  刘佳 《地理科学进展》2016,35(9):1087-1099

土地利用多功能性研究是土地科学和地理学研究的重要学术命题,对于提高土地利用效率、促进区域可持续发展具有重要的理论和应用价值。本文通过对土地利用多功能性的概念内涵、识别与分类、评价研究等方面的梳理,明晰土地利用多功能性的研究现状。目前,学者对土地利用多功能性内涵特征的认识基本一致;土地利用多功能性的分类标准尚未统一;土地利用多功能性分析框架初步形成,评价指标体系尚不完善,评价方法较单一,应用研究相对薄弱;土地利用多功能性受自然、社会经济及政策等因素共同影响。未来,应构建多学科交叉的土地利用多功能性研究内容框架,完善分类体系,深化评价研究并加强应用研究,从而为开展土地利用规划与土地管理工作提供参考。  相似文献   

山东济宁许厂煤矿下组煤瓦斯与二氧化碳开发利用前景及存在的问题          下载免费PDF全文

田立强  范士彦 《山东国土资源》2016,32(10)

许厂煤矿下组煤中蕴藏着较为丰富的瓦斯、二氧化碳资源。下组煤位于瓦斯风化带内,含瓦斯、二氧化碳和氮气等气体,瓦斯含量与埋藏深度呈正相关关系,主要存在低含量瓦斯、二氧化碳抽采率、二氧化碳资源化转换等技术方面的问题。从国家相关优惠政策、资源优势、煤与煤层气一体化开发技术、近水平长钻孔定向钻进技术、煤层压裂造缝技术、煤层注气增产技术和瓦斯、二氧化碳气体提纯技术等关键技术的发展程度,结合煤矿的下组煤层的开采方案,认为许厂煤矿有着较好的煤炭与瓦斯、二氧化碳一体化开发利用前景。  相似文献   

Progress in Earthquake Science and Technology in China: Review and Prospects (Ⅰ)     

Chen Zhangli 《中国地震研究》2001,15(4):329-345

In the article the author looks back the hard development course and great progress in earth quake science and technology in China during the last near a half of century and expounds the following 3 aspects: (1) The strong desire of the whole society to mitigate seismic disasters and reduce the effect of earthquakes on social-economic live is a great driving force to push forward the development of earthquake science and technology in China; (2) To better ensure people‘ s life and property, sustainable economic development, and social stability is an essential purpose to drive the development of earthquake science and technology in China; and (3) To insist on the dialectical connection of setup of technical system for seismic monitoring with the scientific research of earthquakes and to better handle the relation between crucial task, current scientif ic level, and the feasibility are the important principles to advance the earthquake science and technology in China. Some success and many setbacks in earthquake disaster mitigation consistently enrich our knowledge regarding the complexity of the conditions for earthquake occurrence and the process of earthquake preparation, promote the reconstruction and modernization of technical system for earthquake monitoring, and deepen the scientific research of earthquakes. During the last 5 years, the improvement and modernization of technical system for earthquake monitoring have clearly provided the technical support to study and practice of earthquake prediction and pre caution, give prominence to key problems and broaden the field of scientific research of earth quakes. These have enabled us to get some new recognition of the conditions for earthquake oc currence and process of earthquake preparation, characteristics of seismic disaster, and mecha nism for earthquake generation in China‘s continent. The progress we have made not only en courages us to enhance the effectiveness of earthquake disaster mitigation, but also provides a basis for accelerating further development of earthquake science and technology in China in the new century, especially in the 10th five-year plan. Based on the history reviewed, the author sets forth a general requirement for develop ment of earthquake science and technology in China and brings out 10 aspects to be stressed and strengthened at present and in the future. These are: upgrade and setup of the network of digitized seismic observation; upgrade and setup of the network for observation of seismic pre cursors; setup of the network for observation of strong motion; setup of the laboratories for ex periment on seismic regime; establishment of technical system for seismic information, emer gency command and urgent rescue; research on short-term and imminent earthquake predic tion; research on intermediate- and long-term earthquake prediction; research on attenuation of seismic ground motion, mechanism for seismic disaster, and control on seismic disaster; ba sic research fields related to seismology and geoscience. We expect that these efforts will signifi cantly elevate the level of earthquake science and technology in China to the advanced interna tional level, improve theories, techniques, and methods for earthquake precaution and predic tion, and enhance the effectiveness of earthquake disaster mitigation.  相似文献   

浅谈桂林市新解放桥工程地质勘察及桥基处理     

牟春梅 《南方国土资源》2001,14(4):79-82

随着桂林市经济和旅游业的发展 ,交通量大幅度的增加 ,原解放桥所能承受的荷载已远远超过它的设计标准 ,加上桥基和桥面已有不同程度的破损 ,建设新的解放桥已势在必行。文章就新解放桥场地的工程地质条件、存在的工程地质问题及所进行的工程地质评价和桥基处理情况作简要介绍。  相似文献   

柴达木盆地三湖地区磁力异常形成机理研究与异常分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

王志强  王财富  徐子远  李瑞 《地质找矿论丛》2008,23(4):339-342,347

柴达木盆地的油气资源丰富,近年来在该区发现了大量异常显示,但是各种异常形成机理各不相同,存在较大多解性,使得该区油气储量探明率很低.根据柴达木盆地以往开展的常规非地震勘探的现状及效果,以磁测找油机理为基础,采用磁力资料化极、剩余磁力异常提取和磁力平剖图等处理手段,对三湖地区生物气藏磁异常进行分析研究,取得明显的异常显示效果.  相似文献