东亚地区区域气候模拟的研究进展   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3  

胡娅敏  丁一汇 《地球科学进展》2006,21(9):956-964

由于大气环流模式对东亚地区区域气候特征的模拟存在很大不足，采用区域气候模式模拟该地区特殊的季风气候成为目前发展的一个重要研究方向，并取得了显著的研究进展。通过回顾当前东亚地区区域气候模拟的现状，表明大部分区域气候模式都不同程度地模拟出了东亚季风区持续性洪涝现象的大尺度环流特征和演变过程，再现了东亚各主要气候区降水的年际、季节和季节内变化及主要雨带的季节进退和降水的时空演变特征。但是，大部分模式没能很好地模拟出大尺度特征的强度和量值，模拟的温度和降水存在系统性偏差。原因分析表明，进一步完善和改进区域气候模式的物理过程参数化方案及动力框架可以改善模拟效果。最后对区域气候模式未来的发展给出展望。  相似文献   

Properties and Stability of a Meso-Scale Line-Form Disturbance   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

沈新勇  丁一汇  赵南 《大气科学进展》2006,23(2):282-290

By using the 3D dynamic equations for small- and meso-scale disturbances, an investigation is performed on the heterotropic instability (including symmetric instability and traversal-type instability) of a zonal line-like disturbance moving at any angle with respect to basic flow, arriving at the following results: (1) with linear shear available, the heterotropic instability of the disturbance will occur only when flow shearing happens in the direction of the line-like disturbance movement or in the direction perpendicular to the disturbance movement, with the heterotropic instability showing the instability of the internal inertial gravity wave; (2) in the presence of second-order non-linear shear, the disturbance of the heterotropic instability includes internal inertial gravity and vortex Rossby waves. For the zonal line-form disturbance under study, the vortex Rossby wave has its source in the second-order shear of meridional basic wind speed in the flow and propagates unidirectionally with respect to the meridional basic flow. As a mesoscale heterotropic instable disturbance, the vortex Rossby wave has its origin from the second shear of the flow in the direction perpendicular to the line-form disturbance and is independent of the condition in the direction parallel to the flow; (3) for general zonal line-like disturbances, if the second-order shear happens in the meridional wind speed, i.e., the second shear of the flow in the direction perpendicular to the line-form disturbance, then the heterotropic instability of the disturbance is likely to be the instability of a mixed Rossby–internal inertial gravity wave; (4) the symmetric instability is actually the instability of the internal inertial gravity wave. The second-order shear in the flow represents an instable factor for a symmetric-type disturbance; (5) the instability of a traversal-type disturbance is the instability of the internal inertial gravity wave when the basic flow is constant or only linearly sheared. With a second or nonlinear vertical shear of the basic flow taken into account, the instability of a traversal-type disturbance may be the instability of a mixed vortex Rossby – gravity wave.  相似文献   

Multi-Year Simulations and Experimental Seasonal Predictions for Rainy Seasons in China by Using a Nested Regional Climate Model （RegCM_NCC） Part Ⅱ： The Experimental Seasonal Prediction   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5  

丁一汇  刘一鸣  史学丽  李清泉  李巧萍  刘艳 《大气科学进展》2006,23(4):487-503

A nested regional climate model has been experimentally used in the seasonal prediction at the China National Climate Center (NCC) since 2001. The NCC/IAP (Institute of Atmospheric Physics) T63 coupled GCM (CGCM) provides the boundary and initial conditions for driving the regional climate model (RegCM NCC). The latter has a 60-km horizontal resolution and improved physical parameterization schemes including the mass flux cumulus parameterization scheme, the turbulent kinetic energy closure scheme (TKE) and an improved land process model (LPM). The large-scale terrain features such as the Tibetan Plateau are included in the larger domain to produce the topographic forcing on the rain-producing systems. A sensitivity study of the East Asian climate with regard to the above physical processes has been presented in the first part of the present paper. This is the second part, as a continuation of Part I. In order to verify the performance of the nested regional climate model, a ten-year simulation driven by NCEP reanalysis datasets has been made to explore the performance of the East Asian climate simulation and to identify the model’s systematic errors. At the same time, comparative simulation experiments for 5 years between the RegCM2 and RegCM NCC have been done to further understand their differences in simulation performance. Also, a ten-year hindcast (1991–2000) for summer (June–August), the rainy season in China, has been undertaken. The preliminary results have shown that the RegCM NCC is capable of predicting the major seasonal rain belts. The best predicted regions with high anomaly correlation coefficient (ACC) are located in the eastern part of West China, in Northeast China and in North China, where the CGCM has maximum prediction skill as well. This fact may reflect the importance of the largescale forcing. One significant improvement of the prediction derived from RegCM NCC is the increase of ACC in the Yangtze River valley where the CGCM has a very low, even a negative, ACC. The reason behind this improvement is likely to be related to the more realistic representation of the large-scale terrain features of the Tibetan Plateau. Presumably, many rain-producing systems may be generated over or near the Tibetan Plateau and may then move eastward along the Yangtze River basin steered by upper-level westerly airflow, thus leading to enhancement of rainfalls in the mid and lower basins of the Yangtze River. The real-time experimental predictions for summer in 2001, 2002, 2003 and 2004 by using this nested RegCM NCC were made. The results are basically reasonable compared with the observations.  相似文献   

与季节内振荡-超级云团系统相关的赤道波的识别   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

赵南  丁一汇  高桥正明 《气象学报》1999,57(1):84-95

文中重点研究与热带季节内振荡－超级云团系统相关联的赤道波的识别。考虑到赤道波的本质为截获在赤道地区的一般的气候平衡场附近的线性动力过程的固有模态,首先从原理上阐明了ＰＯＰｓ分析技术对于分离各类赤道波动的有效性,以后利用这种分析方法对日本静止气象卫星所观测到的黑体红外辐射温度资料进行了ＰＯＰｓ分析。结果表明,在热带季节内振荡－超级云团系统中,对应于４０ｄ振荡的模态基本表现为Ｋｅｌｖｉｎ波的结构;对应于１０ｄ左右的模态,亦为Ｋｅｌｖｉｎ波,而在２ｄ尺度上,则分别存在经向模态序号ｎ＝１和ｎ＝２的西进和东进惯性重力波。分析中还发现了西进的混合Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ重力波的存在。  相似文献   

近30年夏季亚欧大陆中高纬度阻塞高压的统计特征   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

李峰  丁一汇 《气象学报》2004,62(3):347-354

文中利用1970～2001年NCEP再分析500 hPa逐日高度场资料,根据阻塞高压的天气学定义,采用客观统计方法检索出近32 a亚欧中高纬度392个阻塞高压个例,对其进行了气候学分析.结果表明,亚欧中高纬地区夏季阻塞高压活动频繁,10 d以下的过程占绝对多数,地理分布主要集中在45～70°N之间,纬向上可划分5个高发区,其中乌拉尔山和贝加尔湖东部阻高活动频次最高,同时,每个区域中又存在着相应的阻高活跃区.亚欧中高纬地区夏季阻高活动具有明显的季节内变化特征.6月份,阻塞活动多发生在乌拉尔山地区和鄂霍次克海地区,以双阻为主要形势;7月份,欧洲区和贝加尔湖地区的阻塞活动有所增多,尤其贝加尔湖东部地区增多明显,而乌拉尔山地区的阻塞形势明显减少,鄂霍次克海地区的阻塞活动位置向北移动,多发生在60°N以北,双阻形势逐渐减弱,贝加尔湖地区的中阻形势有所增强.8月份,阻塞形势主要存在于贝加尔湖东西两区,中阻形势占据主导地位.亚欧中高纬地区夏季阻塞高压活动年际变化特征也很突出,且这种年际振荡有明显的地理差异.另外,研究表明亚洲北部的阻高活动多以稳定型为主,移动型阻高个例仅占6.6%.移动型阻高以起源于乌拉尔山地区最多,移距最长,生命期最长.偶极子类阻高多集中在贝加尔湖东部与乌拉尔山地区,约占该地区总阻高频次的62.0%和49.7%,平均生命期分别达到7 d/次和9 d/次以上.  相似文献   

ENSO发生前与发展初期赤道西太平洋西风异常的爆发问题   总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12  

张祖强  丁一汇  赵宗慈 《气象学报》2000,58(1):11-25

利用 NCEP/NCAR再分析资料 ,通过对 El Nino与 La Nina发生前与发展初期低层风场的合成分析 ,发现在赤道中东太平洋增暖当年的春季与夏季 ,赤道西太平洋存在两次显著的西风局地 ( 1 40°E～ 1 80 )增强过程。其原因并不仅仅在于印度洋的西风异常东移 ,更在于南北半球的经向风在该地区强烈辐合 ,造成局地气压梯度增强 ,促进西风加强并向东爆发 ;同时由于地球自转效应的作用 ,来自北半球的东北风到达赤道附近后转西北风 ,南半球的东南风转西南风 ,直接加强了西风的强度。对比分析南北半球经向风的作用表明 ,南半球东南风的强度与位置更稳定 ,对赤道西风两次增幅过程的贡献更大。这支南半球的经向气流来自高纬极区 ,与中高纬度气压场异常有直接的关系。  相似文献   

ROLE OF A WARM AND WET TRANSPORT CONVEYOR OF ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON IN A BEIJING HEAVY RAINSTORM ON JULY 21, 2012     

柳艳菊  丁一汇  张颖娴  宋亚芳 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2017,23(3):302-313

A heavy rainstorm named Beijing “7.21” heavy rainstorm hit Beijing on 21 to 22 July 2012, which is recorded as the most severe rainstorm since 1951. The daily precipitation amount in many stations in Beijing has broken the history record. Based on the NCAR/NCEP reanalysis data and precipitation observation,the large-scale conditions which caused the “7.21” heavy rainstorm are investigated, with the emphasis on the relationship between it and an equatorial convergence zone, Asian summer monsoon as well as the tropical cyclone over the ocean from the Philippines to the South China Sea (SCS). The results indicated that a great deal of southerly warm and wet moisture carried by northward migrating Asian summer monsoon provided plenty of moisture supplying for the “7.21” heavy rainstorm. When the warm and wet moisture met with the strong cold temperature advection induced by cold troughs or vortexes, an obviously unstable stratification formed, thus leading to the occurrence of heavy precipitation. Without this kind of intense moisture transport, the rainstorm only relying on the role of the cold air from mid- and higher- latitudes could not reach the record-breaking intensity. Further research suggested that the northward movement of an Asian monsoonal warm and wet moisture transport conveyor (MWWTC) was closely related with the active phase of a 30-60 day intra-seasonal oscillation of the Asian summer monsoon. During this time, the monsoon surge triggered and maintained the northward movement of the MWWTC. In addition, compared with another heavy rainstorm named “63.8” heavy rainstorm, which occurred over the Huaihe River Basin in the mid-August 1963 and seriously affected North China, a similar MWWTC was also observed. It was just the intense interaction of the MWWTC with strong cold air from the north that caused this severe rain storm.  相似文献   

南支槽与孟加拉湾风暴结合对一次高原暴雪过程的影响   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

索渺清  丁一汇 《气象》2014,40(9):1033-1047

利用NCEP/NcAR逐6 h 1°×1°。再分析资料与常规和非常规观测资料,对2007年11月云南德钦高原暴雪产生的原因进行了研究,探讨南支槽与孟加拉湾风暴结合对高原东南部强烈天气的影响过程。结果表明:(1)在南支槽和孟加拉湾风暴结合的天气尺度条件下,槽前偏南风低空急流受高原大地形阻挡产生的高原切变线是高原暴雪的直接影响系统;(2)由于地形和冷空气的作用,上升运动向北倾斜使高原对流层中上层首先出现上升运动,整层上升运动在高原切变线和次级环流上升支的共同作用下强烈发展。孟加拉湾风暴北上与南支槽结合、高原切变线北移和风暴低压临近使德钦上升运动出现三次增强;(3)南支槽前偏南风低空急流向北输送水汽,部分水汽被抬升到高空,部分水汽绕过高原东南角向下游输送。高空水汽经高原上空沿着高空西风急流向下游远距离输送。高、低空水汽通道不重合往往会影响高原及其下游强降水落区的预报。受高空水汽输送影响,高原东南部纵向岭谷区具有高层大气最先增湿的特征,近地层水汽通量长时间强烈辐合有利于高原暴雪的形成;(4)上游冷空气沿南支西风到达孟加拉湾,促使南支槽加深和维持有利于引导盂加拉湾风暴北上,南支槽前偏南风低空急流把暖湿空气输送上高原,同时横槽转竖冷空气从高原南下,冷暖空气在德钦交汇形成强锋区也是暴雪产生的一个有利条件。(5)高原暴雪的锋区结构具有中纬度锋面天气特征,在暴雪发生的锋区附近,满足倾斜位涡发展和条件性对称不稳定。  相似文献   

江南南部初夏雨季的降水和环流气候特征   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

苗长明  郭品文  丁一汇  刘樱  沈杭锋 《大气科学》2014,38(2):285-296

基于1961～2010年气象台站逐日降水资料、同期美国NCEP/NCAR的逐日再分析格点资料,通过气候平均、REOF分析、聚类分析等方法,分析了江南地区初夏降水的地域性和时段性特征,及西太平洋副高和高、低空急流等大气环流的相应演变过程。结果发现:（1）江南南部27.5°～29.5°N存在一个独立于华南前汛期和江淮梅雨的初夏雨季,该雨季平均发生时间为6月11～30日,比江淮梅雨早约8天左右。（2）西太平洋副高的西伸东退是江南南部初夏雨季发生发展的重要环流背景,6月第2候副高发生突变性加速西伸之后雨季开始,雨季期间850 hPa副高西伸脊点基本稳定在最西位置即133°E附近,6月第6候副高东退北抬后雨季结束。（3）低层急流大风带的形成和位置是江南南部初夏雨季阶段的重要动力条件,印度洋和孟加拉湾向东北延伸的低层急流与西太平洋副高西北侧的气流连通形成低层急流大风带,并与北侧上空的高空急流耦合,降水集中区位于低层急流大风带左侧、高空急流入口区右侧。  相似文献   

前言     

丁一汇 《大气科学》2014,38(4):615-615

正陶诗言先生离开我们已经一年了。一年来,先生的音容笑貌时时浮现。我们怀念他在70余年的学术生涯中孜孜不倦的努力和坚忍不拔的攀登,怀念他为中国气象事业做出的卓越成就和重要贡献,更怀念他给予我们的智慧和力量。陶诗言先生是我国天气学和天气预报的科学大师。他一生为中国的天气学理论、天气分析以及天气预报业务的发展做出了重要贡献,在寒潮、东亚梅雨、东亚季风、卫星气  相似文献