大气反常折射对星表和参考系的影响     

李德河 《时间频率学报》1998,21(1):59-64

在过去的时间纬度工作中,对大气反常折射的研究证明,大气反常折射给时问纬度测量带来了严重的影响。而当时大多数星表的编制都是时间纬度测量的副产品,无疑大气反常折射也给这些星表带来严重的误差影响。过去我国的经典天体测量工作以测时、测纬为主,这一问题并没有得到重视。在星表和参考系工作已成为我国基本天休测量工作的一项主要内容的今天,对大气反常折射的测量与研究,尤其对有效的测量应得到足够的重视。作者根据自己的实际测量和研究指出,大气反常折射主要由观测室周围不良小气候的造成,其中以具有周年变化和周日变化的大气反常折射对初始星表系统的影响最为严重。并分别讨论了这种反常折射对子午星表、等高星表和参考系的影响,提出了今后开展这方面工作的建议。  相似文献   

Estimation of the bispectra and phase distribution of storm sea states with abnormal waves     

Z. Cherneva  C. Guedes Soares   《Ocean Engineering》2007,34(14-15):2009-2020

This work deals with the estimation of the bispectrum of wind waves during severe storms containing abnormal or freak waves. It presents the basic definitions of higher-order spectra and of the bispectra in particular and further suggests how to interpret some of the results to identify non-linearity in the wave time series. Different estimation methods are used and compared so as to identify the differences in the estimated bispectra that results from the estimation procedure and the ones that result from the physics of the sea states. It is found that as a result of the second-order self-coupling the phase distribution of the wind wave during the severe storms differs from the uniform one and is well approximated by the distribution proposed by Tayfun and Lo [1989. Envelope, phase and narrow-band models of sea waves. Journal of Waterway Port Coast and Ocean Engineering 115(5), 594–613.].  相似文献   

Probability distributions of wave heights in bimodal seas in an offshore basin     

Petya G. Petrova  C. Guedes Soares   《Applied Ocean Research》2009,31(2):90-100

This study aims at assessing the adequacy for describing bimodal sea states of different non-linear probability distributions that have been developed for single sea states. It is based on data collected at an offshore test basin. The measurements represent three bimodal sea states with individual unidirectional wave systems propagating at 60, 90 and 120 from each other. The wave spectra are separated into swell and wind sea components and the relative energy ratio between the areas under the associated spectral curves is estimated and is related with the statistics of the time series considered. Dependence is found between the normalized high order cumulants, which describe the non-Gaussian surface, and the predominant contribution of the wind sea energy. Furthermore, the probabilities of exceedance of the individual wave heights are estimated and compared with the Rayleigh model and with other models that take into account either the effect of spectral bandwidth or the effect of wave nonlinearities. The results are discussed with respect to three classes of sea states that reflect the relative contribution of swell and wind sea energy.  相似文献   

Characteristics of abnormal waves in North Sea storm sea states   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

C. Guedes Soares  Z. Cherneva  E. M. Anto 《Applied Ocean Research》2003,25(6):658-344

A data set of storm wave records from the North Sea is analysed. Using current definitions of abnormal waves, eight of the largest wind waves are defined as abnormal waves. Twenty-four of the largest waves in time series, with a height larger than 10 m and with big vertical asymmetry are chosen for further analysis. Their individual characteristics are investigated and related to the global sea state characteristics. A comparison between measured data, second-order theory predictions and offshore basin data is made. The results for the chosen waves do not coincide with predictions of second-order theory. Considering that wind wave is second- and third-order non-linear, a new relationship between skewness and kurtosis is proposed for the sea states in which extremely asymmetric large waves have occurred. Another relationship between kurtosis and abnormality index of maximum waves is proposed too.  相似文献   

鄂东北春季三类典型极端强降水特征分析     

罗金芳  吴君涛  姜敏  张慧娟 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2024,18(2):44-51

利用1961—2020年降水资料、NCEP／NCAR2.5°×2.5°和ERA5资料,对鄂东北春季极端强降水个例天气系统及物理量的异常度、配置与降水落区的关系进行了分类对比研究。结果发现：(1)鄂东北春季极端强降水有三种典型形势,即地面倒槽型、冷锋前沿型、暖低压型。三类极端强降水过程500 hPa均有南支槽缓慢东移,湖北以东、东北地区到日本有异常强的高压或高压脊,东高西低的形势使降水持续时间长。850 hPa偏南急流异常强盛,鄂东北位于切变辐合区。强降水发生前地面暖低压异常发展,为强降水提供了有利的环境条件。(2)鄂东北大多数春季极端强降水与低层水汽、中低层垂直速度的异常密切相关。鄂东北及周边为低层水汽辐合和垂直速度异常度绝对值之和大值区。  相似文献   

南海异常路径台风预报的数值试验   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

何安国  王康玲 《热带气象学报》1993,9(2):133-141

利用广州热带海洋气象研究所最近发展的热带有限区台风数值预报模式,对1991年登陆广东的9116号强热带风暴(Joel)进行了数值预报试验。结果表明:模型台风的加入,模式水平和垂直分辨率的提高,物理过程的完善,能大大提高台风路径的预报准确率。  相似文献   

厦门城市隐伏断层控制性地球化学探测   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

姚道平  卓群  张艺峰  付萍  许仪西 《震灾防御技术》2008,3(4):451-458

本文介绍了地球化学探测方法作为控制性探测隐伏断层的有效手段,在厦门城市隐伏断层的探测中得到了充分的应用。通过地球化学试验探测,可确定地球化学探测的异常下限值,同时在采取了一系列质量保障措施后,增强了判断异常点的可靠性,研究表明地球化学探测异常点呈明显的线性分布。经浅层地震探测验证,地球化学探测解译的断层分布位置与浅层地震探测断点吻合程度较高,表明该方法用于城市隐伏断层探测是有效可行的。  相似文献   

福建水氡对闽台地震的映震分析     

张清秀 《福建地震》2002,(3)

利用福建水氡台网 1 990年以来的水氡资料 ,针对 6次福建及其东南沿海大于 4 5级地震 ,7次台湾及其近海大于 6 8级地震进行分析研究 ,认为地震前异常存在加速性、同步性 ,形态的多样性 ,空间分布的不确定性。运用“九五”攻关软件 ,给出上述两区域地震异常特征的共性和个性 ,并对映震效能进行R值评分  相似文献   

新疆北天山推覆带大地电磁测深应用研究          下载免费PDF全文

张全胜  王家映  杨生  朱春生 《地震工程学报》2006,28(1):51-55

利用远参考与Robust技术手段对新疆北天山地区大地电磁原始资料进行去噪处理,以及静态校正、逐级反演、梯度法、残差法等处理与综合地质解释,取得了较好成效。将该区划分为四棵树凹陷、山前断褶带、北天山推覆带、中天山隆起带四大构造单元,其中北天山推覆带地表裸露石炭系基岩。在推覆断层之下,显示中浅部存在层状低阻异常带,推测为侏罗与白垩系地层,为油气远景区。  相似文献   

Grain growth in the forsterite-diopside system     

Tomohiro Ohuchi  Michihiko Nakamura 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》2007,160(1):1-21

Grain growth experiments in dunite, clinopyroxenite, and wehrlites with various forsterite/diopside ratios were performed to investigate the effect of modal composition on grain growth kinetics in the Earth's uppermost mantle. The experiments were conducted using a piston-cylinder apparatus at 1200 °C and 1.2 GPa for 2-763 h under dry conditions. Normal grain growth (NGG) occurred in dunite, clinopyroxenite, and relatively forsterite-poor wehrlites (≤70 vol.% of forsterite). Grain growth rates of forsterite and diopside in relatively forsterite-poor wehrlites were much slower than those in dunite and clinopyroxenite. In the forsterite-rich wehrlites (≥80 vol.% of forsterite), NGG of diopside and abnormal grain growth (AGG) of forsterite occurred. The growth rate of diopside was significantly slower than that in clinopyroxenite, while the growth rate of forsterite by AGG was found to be similar to that by NGG in dunite. The presence of ≤20 vol.% diopside had the effect of inhibiting the forsterite grain growth during the initial stage, resulting in AGG of forsterite, thus overtaking the growth rate in dunite. Our experimental results suggest that there would be a significant difference in grain growth rate and consequently in effective viscosity between olivine-rich peridotites (depleted mantle) and relatively olivine-poor peridotites (fertile mantle) in the case of grain size-sensitive creep. Variation of mean grain sizes in the upper mantle would result not only from differences in temperature and phase assemblage, but also from the variation of modal compositions.  相似文献