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The paper is intended to extend the investigations about the nature of abnormal waves that have been reported in the work of Guedes Soares et al. (Characteristics of abnormal waves in North Sea states. Applied Ocean Research 25, [337–344]). The same dataset gathered at the oil platform North Alwyn in the North Sea during the November storm in 1997 is used along with the time series from the Draupner platform, in which an abnormal wave occurred. The data are reanalyzed from the viewpoint of the applicability of second-order models to fit large waves. The observed results confirm that the second-order approximation is not adequate to describe highly asymmetric and abnormal waves. 相似文献
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The wave groups are studied by both conventional wave analysis methods and by the non-stationary Hilbert Huang Transform (HHT) method. Full-scale wave records containing abnormal waves are used. Instantaneous quantities, such as envelope, phase and frequency, are adopted to study the wave grouping. A refined definition of wave group is proposed considering that the wave process is simultaneously amplitude and frequency modulated. The validation of the proposed definition is conducted by analysis of numerical simulation data. Group parameters are proposed based on the time-frequency distribution of energy. An attempt is made to find the relationship between the characteristics of abnormal waves and the group characteristics. 相似文献
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E. C. Butcher 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1989,131(3):463-483
It is well-known that the amplitude and phase of theSq(H) variation show considerable variability from day to day. In this paper we consider one aspect of the phase variability—that associated with AQDs. AQDs (or abnormal quiet days) are defined as magnetically quiet days where the maximum excursion ofH at a mid-latitude station on the poleward side of the focus occurs outside the normal time range 0830–1330 LST. Such days exhibit properties, many of which appear quite distinct from the properties of the normalSq(H) variation. The properties of AQDs, and the proposals that have been made to explain them, are considered in detail. The consequences of these proposals and some problems which need to be addressed in order to obtain a fuller understanding of the dynamics of the ionosphere on AQDs are also discussed. 相似文献
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1991年2月25日柯坪6.5级地震前,震中附近地区的土层地应力、金属摆倾斜仪等多项前兆观测出现异常变化,说明强震发生前近场灵敏度较低的简陋仪器也能观测到明显的前兆反应。分析、认识这些异常对地震短临预报的决策是有益的。 相似文献
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本文对强震前震源系统的调制比r_m和调制比异常面积Sr_m随时间变化的起伏加剧现象进行回顾性研究,得到下列研究结果:(1)强震前近源区以及中强震前近源区大多出现调制比r_m的起伏加剧,并大多在起伏频次达三次时有大震或中强震发生。(2)大多数中、强地震前r_m异常面积Sr_m围绕震源区呈现由小至大、由大至小的过程,因此引入最小异常面积Sr_(min)和最大异常面积Sr_(max)之比γ作为中、短期预报指标,根据统计得到异常指标[γ]如下式某些震例在震前出现异常面积Sr_m起伏的加剧过程,初步认为是震源区周围调整单元调整能力较差导致的结果。(3)r_m、Sr_m起伏加剧开始时间与震级有关,震级愈大,起伏加剧出现愈早。根据半年步长逐月滑动得到的r_m-T图,起伏加剧开始至发震的时间与震级M的统计,得到如下关系(T以月计)M=4.29+0.11T(4)强震前场区异常一般呈现随机异常型、波动型和衰减型三种。若场区某统计区出现r_m的三次起伏加剧时,说明该统计区未来有强震发生。(5)由自治系统和非自治系统原理初步解释了震前震源区周围调整区调制比r_m及调制比异常面积Sr_m起伏现象的周期特征。 相似文献
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