Millennial-centennial scales climate changes of Holocene indicated by magnetic susceptibility of high-resolution section in Salawusu River valley,China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Yingxia Lu  Baosheng Li  Xiaohao Wen  Shifan Qiu  Fengnian Wang  Dongfeng Niu  Zhiwen Li 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2010,20(3):243-251

The upmost segment(Holocene series)of the Milanggouwan stratigraphic section(MGS1)in the Salawusu River valley shows 11 sedimentary cycles of dune sands and fluvio-lacustrine facies,or dune sands and paleosols.The analysis of the magnetic susceptibility of this segment suggests that there are 11 magnetic susceptibility cycles with the value alternating from low to high,in which the layers of the dune sands correspond to the lower value of the magnetic susceptibility and the layers of fluvio-lacustrine facies and paleosols correspond to the higher peaks.The study reveals that the low and high magnetic susceptibility values indicate the climate dominated by cold-arid winter monsoon and warm-humid summer monsoon of East Asia,respectively,and the study area has experienced at least 22 times of mil-lennial-centennial scales climate alternation from the cold-arid to the warm-humid during the Holocene.In terms of the time and the climate nature,the variations basically correspond to those of the North Atlantic and some records of cold-warm changes in China as well.They might be caused by the alternation of winter and summer monsoons in the Mu Us Desert induced by global climate fluctuations in the Holocene.  相似文献   

Coastal dune rock development and Holocene climate changes in South China     

WANG Wei  WU Zheng 《地理学报》2010,20(3):469-480

Coastal dune rocks in China are eolian sands cemented by calcium carbonate under subaerial conditions, widely distributing on the tropical and subtropical coasts of South China. Particular temperature and precipitation as well as local wave and landform conditions are required for the formation of the dune rocks. A correspondence was found between Holocene environmental changes and coastal dune rock development by comparing the features of the sea-level and climate changes in the Holocene period with the ages, scales, and cementation of the dune rocks on the South China coasts. The findings provide well grounded explanation for some problems unresolved in the past researches on the coastal dune rock in South China: (1) There were no dune rocks with ages older than 6000 years in South China because the dune rocks formed before 6000 a BP were covered by the sea water that rose in the later period; (2) the dune rocks with ages of around 3000 a BP were widely found in South China today because the coastal dunes were cumulated on a large scale at that time as a result of temperature falling after the end of Megathermal; (3) Medieval Warm Period was the main period for the eolian dunes to be cemented into the coastal dune rocks in South China; (4) lack of dune rocks of younger than 1000 a BP was accounted for by that the climate conditions in recent one thousand years were not suitable for the cementation.  相似文献   

黄河壶口段全新世古洪水事件及其水文学研究   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

李晓刚  黄春长  庞奖励  查小春  郝高建  葛本伟 《地理学报》2010,65(11):1371-1380

通过对黄河中游晋陕峡谷段的考察,在多个地点发现全新世古洪水滞流沉积层。选择壶口段左岸岩棚内典型的古洪水滞流沉积剖面进行沉积学和水文学研究。对于采集的全新世地层剖面序列样品,进行粒度成分、磁化率、烧失量、CaCO₃含量等分析,从沉积学角度证明了研究剖面所夹洪水沉积物为典型的古洪水滞流沉积物,记录了全新世两个时期的特大洪水事件。通过地层学对比分析和OSL测年,确定其分别发生在全新世早期-中期转折阶段,和中期-晚期转折阶段。利用沉积学和水文学原理恢复古洪水水位,计算出第一组古洪水洪峰流量为27490m³/s、27830 m³/s、28570 m³/s,第二组为40920m³/s。本文的研究发现全新世特大洪水事件,并且恢复了其水文特征数据,对于揭示黄河水文过程对于全球变化的响应规律具有重要的科学意义,对于水利工程建设具有重要的现实意义。  相似文献   

The late Holocene mollusc fauna of the Aral Sea and its biogeographical and ecological interpretation     

Andrei Filippov 《Limnologica》2009,39(1):67-85

The Aral Sea, in 1960 the fourth largest lake on Earth, has since experienced a catastrophic environmental change, which appears to be mainly a result of human impact. Here, we attempt to add to a better understanding of environmental changes during the last millennium by using fossil mollusc assemblages obtained from 10 sediment cores, which were taken by gravity coring in 1991. The biogeographical analysis demonstrates that no endemic molluscs have existed in the Aral Sea during the last 1000 years. The investigated taxa are of Caspian and Palaearctic origin. The molluscan biodiversity is much lower than previously assumed and particularly low for such a large lake, indicating unstable ecological conditions during the period investigated. Using comparative ecological analyses of thanatocoenoses and stable isotope ratios in gastropod shells, we conclude that the main lake level changes of the last millennium were strong and abrupt, showing relative high stands at about 1300 AD and 1650 AD.  相似文献   

A soil chronosequence in Late Glacial and Neoglacial moraines, Humboldt Glacier, northwestern Venezuelan Andes     

W.C. Mahaney  V. Kalm  B. Kapran  M.W. Milner  R.G.V. Hancock   《Geomorphology》2009,109(3-4):236-245

Late Glacial and Neoglacial (Little Ice Age) deposits on the Humboldt Massif were analyzed for relative-age dating parameters, including geomorphic and weathering characteristics, geochemical and soil properties. The soil chronosequence, formed in chemically uniform parent materials, provides an important database to study soil evolution in a tropical alpine environment. Extractable and total Fe and Al concentrations, examined to assess their use in relative-age determination, and as paleoenvironmental indicators, provide an important measure of the accumulation and downward profile movement over time of organically-bound Al, ferrihydrite and other crystalline forms (hematite and goethite) of extractable Fe. Ferrihydrite is particularly useful in determining former perched water levels in soils with relation to paleoclimate. The ratios of most Fe extracts are time dependent. The Fe_d/Fe_t ratio, within statistical limits, shows a slow increase from LIA (Little Ice Age) to Late Glacial soils, which closely correlates with other alpine soil studies in the middle latitudes and other tropical alpine locales. Values of Al_d (dithionite) and Al_o (oxalate extractable) generally do not correlate with time; however, Al_p (pyrophosphate extractable) measured against Al_t (total) provides insight on the downward translocation over time of organically-bound Al. Low leaching rates in this chronosequence are further supported by clay mineralogy trends and the geochemical data.  相似文献   

Late Holocene dune activity in the Eastern Platte River Valley, Nebraska     

P.R. Hanson  R.M. Joeckel  A.R. Young  J. Horn 《Geomorphology》2009,103(4):555-561

Large-scale dune activity in the Nebraska Sand Hills and elsewhere on the western Great Plains has been linked to prehistoric “megadroughts” that triggered the activation of regional dune fields. The effect of megadroughts on the smaller dune fields east of the Nebraska Sand Hills has never been assessed, however. This study focuses on the Duncan dune field near the confluence of the Loup and Platte rivers in eastern Nebraska. Seventeen optically stimulated luminescence age estimates were obtained and reveal two periods of dune activation that occurred between 4.4 to 3.4 ka and 0.8 to 0.5 ka. Significantly, both periods chronologically overlap large-scale dune activity identified in the Nebraska Sand Hills. Geochemical evidence indicates that the Duncan dunes received sand not only from the terrace underlying them, but also from the Loup River. These data link dune activity in the Duncan area, at least indirectly, to increased sediment supply from streams that drain the Sand Hills during megadroughts, implying the activation of the dunes occurred as an indirect response to regional megadroughts. Calculations of dune migration rates, however, argue in favor of local, drought-driven hydrologic changes as a causative factor in dune activation, in other words, a direct effect of megadroughts. Whether the impact was direct or indirect, it is highly likely that the repeated reactivation of the Duncan dunes resulted in some way from regional, large-magnitude droughts. Other paleoclimate proxies from the Great Plains tend to support this conclusion. We conclude that the megadroughts that have been identified in the Sand Hills and other Great Plains dune fields were indeed regional events with far-reaching effects.  相似文献   

The formation of headland/island sandbanks     

Simon P. Neill  James D. Scourse 《Continental Shelf Research》2009

There are four extensive sandbanks in the vicinity of the Isle of Portland, a headland in the English Channel. The formation and maintenance of the two most prominent of these sandbanks (one on either side of the headland) can largely be explained by net bedload convergence, driven by instantaneous headland eddies generated by tidal flow past the headland. However, there are also two less prominent sandbanks (again, one on either side of the headland), which are not located in zones of bedload convergence. It is suggested here that these latter two sandbanks were formed when the Isle of Portland was isolated from the mainland by a tidal strait. Relative sea-level data and radiocarbon dates indicate that this would have occurred ca. 9–7 ka BP, prior to the closure of the strait by sedimentation. Tidal flow through this strait generated eddy systems in addition to the headland eddies, leading to the formation of associated headland/island sandbanks. At 7 ka BP, sedimentation resulted in closure of the strait, leading to the present-day headland configuration, and subsequent reworking of these now moribund sandbanks formed by the strait. A series of idealised morphological model experiments, parameterised using bedrock depths and glacial isostatic adjustment model output of relative sea level, are here used to simulate this hypothesised sequence of sandbank evolution over the Holocene. The results of the model experiments are corroborated by in situ observations of bedforms and sediment characteristics, and by acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) data applied to predictions of bedload transport over the sandbanks. In addition to demonstrating the mechanism which leads to the formation of sandbanks by tidal flow through a strait, the model results show that upon subsequent closure of such a strait, these sandbanks will no longer be actively maintained, in contrast to sandbanks which are continuously maintained by headland eddies.  相似文献   

长江三峡地区全新世环境演变及其古文化响应   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

史威  朱诚  李世杰  马春梅 《地理学报》2009,64(11)

依据长江三峡地区大九湖和玉溪剖面AMS14C测年数据(校正为日历年)建立了约9.3～2ka BP高分辨率多环境代用指标(δ13C、K、腐殖化度、抱粉总浓度、Rb、Sr及Rb/Sr)的变化曲线,并在此基础上与研究区周边反映全新世气候环境变化的不同沉积记录进行综合对比分析.与此同时,本文还通过对研究区古遗址和古洪水层的统计分析,获取了本区新石器以来古文化兴衰变迁和古洪水发生的完整信息.研究结果表明:(1)本区全新世大暖期约出现在7.6～4 ka BP.9.3～7.6 ka BP,本区气候极不稳定,波动幅度大,总体上冷湿,多次出现显著的降温或干旱事件(9.1、8.2和7.7 ka BP前后);4～2 ka BP,本区气候较此前偏干凉,且波动频繁.(2)7.6～ka BP的大暖期分为三个演变阶段:即6～5 ka BP为大暖期的鼎盛期,气候稳定,温暖湿润,植被及生态条件优越,洪水发生频率低;7.6～6 ka BP和5～4 ka BP为大暖期中具有不稳定特征的过渡期,其中5～4 ka BP及4 ka BP前后的降温事件仍较显著,且多发洪水.(3)本区史前古文化的主要形成发展期与大暖期持续阶段相对应,其中耕作业相对发达的大溪文化繁荣期出现在大暖期中的鼎盛阶段(约6～5 ka BP),大溪文化前后处于低潮及表现为衰退现象的古文化则对应气候环境的不稳定期,总体上,研究区古文化响应气候环境变化的主要方式是通过改变其生业结构的途径来实现的.  相似文献   

Late-Holocene equatorial environments inferred from deposition processes,carbon isotopes of organic matter,and pollen in three shallow lakes of Gabon,west-central Africa     

Pierre Giresse  Makaya Mvoubou  Jean Maley  Alfred Ngomanda 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2009,41(2):369-392

Seven vibro-cores were collected from three shallow lakes of the Gabon (Kamalété, Nguène, Maridor) along a 300-km west–east transect close to the Equator. These lakes are located in very distinct landscapes: coastal forest-savanna mosaic, rain forest and savanna with colonising forest, respectively. Core chronologies were established by radiocarbon dating. Study of these lacustrine archives (textural variables, clay minerals, organic matter components, δ¹³C, pollen) allowed comparison of late Holocene environmental changes recorded at each site and with results from other studies. Lake Kamalété indicates minor climatic deterioration (increased drying and greater seasonality) between 1,410 and 500 cal. years BP, which is also recognised in southern Cameroon and east-central Africa. Lake Nguène was surrounded by dense moist forest throughout the last 4,110 years, but shows significant deterioration from ~2,800 cal. years BP, a phenomenon seen at nearby sites. Lake Maridor shows a decline of forest initiated a little after 3,800 cal. years BP, which indicates timing that is distinct from the two other sites. This was probably a response to local conditions (i.e. outlet damming). Although the three lakes display generally parallel climatic trends perhaps linked to SST oscillations, there is not perfect coherence between these three sites. Differences among the three basins may be attributable to local factors like groundwater hydrology and slope instabilities of such shallow lake systems in this equatorial region.  相似文献   

长江上游全新世特大洪水对西南 季风变化的响应   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

葛兆帅 《地理研究》2009,28(3):592-600

利用24次全新世特大洪水序列与川渝地区近两千年的洪灾史料,对长江上游特大洪水事件和气候变化的响应机制进行了分析。从长江上游特大洪水序列与阿拉伯海记录的西南季风气候变化对比分析来看,特大洪水事件与西南季风变化具有很好的响应关系,特大洪水事件多发生于西南季风较弱的阶段,这些阶段以西南季风气候快速变化为特征,是气候剧烈波动期或气候的转型期。与北大西洋、贵州董歌洞石笋所记录的气候变化比较,特大洪水有的与全新世气候突变一致,有的则不一致,可能特大洪水事件更多表现为地方事件。与文献记载的历史洪灾事件相比,长江上游低频高量级的特大洪水事件对西南季风的变化具有更好的响应关系,而高频低量级的洪灾事件具有更高的随机性,由于历史文献记载的洪水量级差异较大,如果将他们笼统地放在一起分析,可能会掩盖洪水事件对气候变化响应机制。  相似文献