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81.
Numerical identification of diffusion parameters in a nonlinear convection–diffusion equation is studied. This partial differential
equation arises as the saturation equation in the fractional flow formulation of the two-phase porous media flow equations.
The forward problem is discretized with the finite difference method, and the identification problem is formulated as a constrained
minimization problem. We utilize the augmented Lagrangian method and transform the minimization problem into a coupled system
of nonlinear algebraic equations, which is solved efficiently with the nonlinear conjugate gradient method. Numerical experiments
are presented and discussed.
This work was partially supported by the Research Council of Norway (NFR), under grant 128224/431. 相似文献
82.
Land subsidence caused by groundwater exploitation in Suzhou City,China 总被引:10,自引:2,他引:10
Suzhou City, located at the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in southeastern Jiangsu Province, is one of the few cities
in China which suffer from severe ground settlement. A research project was carried out to investigate this problem. Geological
and hydrogeological studies show that there is a multi-layered aquifer system with three distinct, soft mud layers of marine
and lagoonal origins. An examination of historical records of groundwater extraction, water levels, and ground settlement
shows that the ground subsidence is associated with the continuously increasing groundwater extraction in the deep, confined
aquifer. It is believed that the consolidation of the soft mud layers, especially the third layer which is thick and close
to the main pumped aquifer, contributes to the ground settlement. A three-dimensional finite difference numerical model representing
the multi-layered aquifer system was developed to study the ground settlement in response to groundwater extraction. By calibrating
the model with both the measured groundwater level and ground settlement, the aquifer parameters were estimated. The model
outputs fit reasonably well with the observed results, which indicates that the numerical model can reproduce the dynamic
processes of both groundwater flow and soil consolidation. The hydraulic conductivity of the third mud layer near the center
of the ground settlement has been reduced by over 30% in the last 14 years. The gradual deterioration in the hydraulic conductivity
of the mud may have significant adverse effect on the sustainable groundwater resource of the deep confined aquifer, since
the recharge from the shallow aquifers through the mud layer is the only source of water to the deep aquifer. An analysis
of the spatial distributions of groundwater drawdown and ground settlement shows that the area with maximum drawdown is not
necessarily the area with maximum ground settlement due to the occurrence of the soft mud layer. A simple reallocation in
pumping rates on the basis of the spatial distribution of the thick mud layer could significantly reduce the ground settlement.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
83.
84.
85.
Quantifying Organization of Atmospheric Turbulent Eddy Motion Using Nonlinear Time Series Analysis 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Using three methods from nonlinear dynamics, we contrast the level of organization inthe vertical wind velocity (w) time series collected in the atmospheric surface layer(ASL) and the canopy sublayer (CSL) for a wide range of atmospheric stability ()conditions. The nonlinear methods applied include a modified Shannon entropy, waveletthresholding, and mutual information content. Time series measurements collected overa pine forest, a hardwood forest, a grass-covered forest clearing, and a bare soil, desertsurface were used for this purpose. The results from applying all three nonlinear timeseries measures suggest that w in the CSL is more organized than that in the ASL, and that as the flows in both layers evolve from near-neutral to near-convective conditions, the level of organization increases. Furthermore, we found that the degree of organization in w associated with changes in is more significant than the transition from CSL to ASL. 相似文献
86.
The paper describes a stationary model of the boundary layer of a large-scale vortex. The model takes into account two types of nonlinearities: (1) advection of the momentum and centrifugal accelerations, that is related to large values of the Rossby number; (2) a nonlinear turbulent friction on the lower boundary (generally speaking, not only quadratic, but also more complicated). Nevertheless, the model may be studied analytically. This approach allows discovery and analysis of several universal regularities, which are not revealed by numerical modeling. The model provides the actual values for the speed of the surface wind and the angle of cross-isobar surface flow in the tropical cyclones. 相似文献
87.
Rodrigo A. Miranda Erico L. Rempel Abraham C.-L. Chian Felix A. Borotto 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2005,67(17-18):1852
There is increasing observational evidence of nonlinear wave–wave interactions in space and astrophysical plasmas. We first review a number of theoretical models of nonlinear wave–wave interactions which our group has developed in the past years. We next describe a nonlinear three-mode truncated model of Alfvén waves, involving resonant interactions of one linearly unstable mode and two linearly damped modes. We construct a bifurcation diagram for this three-wave model and investigate the phenomenon of intermittent chaos. The theoretical results presented in this paper can improve our understanding of intermittent time series frequently observed in space and astrophysical plasmas. 相似文献
88.
本文把数量化理论Ⅲ与Q-型非线性映射在机地结合在一起,定义了一种新的数学模型-QN-模型。详细地介绍了该模型的基本原理和计算步骤,给出了模型在覆盖区资源靶区以预测中应用的实例。 相似文献
89.
滑坡演化的非线性动力学与突变分析 总被引:19,自引:1,他引:19
基于对任-连续函数, 至少在较小的邻域内可以用多项式任意逼近的数学理论, 运用改进的Backus广义线性反演理论, 以斜坡位移时间序列为基础, 反演建立了斜坡演化的非线性动力学模型。并利用自治梯度系统与突变模型的等价性, 通过变量代换得到标准的尖点突变模型。以黄茨及卧龙寺滑坡为例对滑坡的发展孕育过程进行分析, 结果表明:该非线性动力学模型不仅预测效果十分理想, 而且具有较高的自我调整适应能力; 斜坡临滑前都以突变特征值D的突降至零为前兆特征, 可作为-个具有物理意义的前兆指标。 相似文献
90.
Horizontal and vertical components of earthquake ground motions at liquefiable sites 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Field observations on ground motions from recent earthquakes imply that current knowledge is limited with regard to relating vertical and horizontal motions at liquefiable sites. This paper describes a study with the purpose of clarifying this emerging issue to some extent. A series of numerical analyses is carried out on a liquefiable soil deposit with a verified, fully coupled, nonlinear procedure. It is shown that the transformation of vertical motions in the deposit differs considerably from the transformation of horizontal motions. Both the amplitude and frequency content of the horizontal motions are strongly dependent on the shaking level or the associated nonlinear soil behavior. The transfer function for vertical motions is however likely to be independent of the intensity of input motions; no reduction in the amplitude occurs even in the case of strong shaking. The results are shown to be in consistence with the laboratory observations on shaking table tests and recent field observations that less nonlinearity exists for vertical motions. It is also shown that the possibility exists for using information on spectral ratios between the horizontal and vertical surface motions to quickly identify in situ soil behavior and liquefaction that are not readily covered by conventional field or laboratory experimentation procedures. 相似文献