特提斯成矿域主要金属矿床类型与成矿过程   总被引：18，自引：5，他引：13  

张洪瑞  侯增谦  杨志明 《矿床地质》2010,29(1):113-133

作为全球三大巨型成矿域之一的特提斯成矿域目前尚缺少系统的研究和总结。特提斯构造带是欧亚大陆南部一条全球性纬向展布的构造带,夹持于东欧、哈萨克、塔里木、华北、扬子、印度支那地块和印度、阿拉伯、非洲板块之间,由若干个小陆块,如Anatolides、外高加索、Alborz、伊朗中部、鲁特、阿富汗、帕米尔、南羌塘、北羌塘、拉萨、保山、中缅马苏、西缅甸等,及陆块中间的造山带组成,是在晚古生代到新生代期间,古、新特提斯洋扩张与闭合过程中,历经两次大规模的板块俯冲、碰撞形成的。这一过程可主要概括为冈瓦纳大陆的裂解以及欧亚大陆的增生,其中欧亚主动大陆边缘和冈瓦纳被动大陆边缘起了主要的控制作用。特提斯成矿域复杂的地质演化过程注定了其成矿具多金属、多类型的特征,漫长的空间展布决定了其金属堆积的连续成带性,其中的一些重要成矿带全球著名。文章在特提斯成矿域中识别出了6种主要的成矿作用,分别形成斑岩型Cu-Mo-Au、与岩浆热液有关的Sn-W、岩浆型铬铁矿、VMS型Cu-Pb-Zn、浅成低温热液型Au-Hg-Sb及与沉积岩有关的Pb-Zn等矿床。这些矿床都是在洋盆扩张、洋陆俯冲、大陆碰撞等地球动力学背景中形成的。与环太平洋、古亚洲等增...  相似文献   

从地震信息看红河—金沙江断裂带构造特征     

吴红华  戴福贵  杨津  杨克绳 《海相油气地质》2010,15(1):35-43

红河—金沙江断裂带,根据地质结构的差异可分为北段羌塘向北叠瓦逆冲断裂带,中段三江—哀牢山向东叠瓦逆冲断裂带,南段河内—中建正反转走滑断裂带。北段和中段均由三组基本平行的叠瓦逆冲断层构成,显示以强烈挤压为特征,但后者相对较弱;南段则经历了古近纪由挤压反转为拉张,形成一些断陷构造,新近纪又反转为挤压,断陷转变为坳陷,形成河内、莺歌海及中建等坳陷。该南段的主断层为正反转构造逆冲带的前锋太平断裂带,与原先人们所认为的不相同。红河—金沙江断裂带的挤压特征总体上由北往南逐渐减弱,其演化受特提斯构造活动所控制。断裂带的油气勘探成果表明,在喜马拉雅期形成的断坳结构盆地中油气显示较好。  相似文献   

川西藏东地区金矿床类型与特提斯地质演化的关系   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

邹光富 《四川地质学报》1996,(1)

川西藏东地区在大地构造位置上处于欧亚板块和印度板块结合部位的特提斯构造域东段。自早古生代以来，区内曾经历过多期次的构造岩浆活动，为金的成矿作用提供了十分有利的成矿条件。区内金矿床的主要类型有：火山成因块状硫化物型金矿床、层控型金矿床、浊积岩型金矿床、岩浆期后热液型金矿床、矽卡岩型金矿床、斑岩型金矿床、剪切带型金矿床。  相似文献   

Dramatic decrease of pelagic carbonate production by nannoplankton across the Early Toarcian anoxic event (T-OAE)     

Emanuela Mattioli  Bernard Pittet  Laurent Petitpierre  Samuel Mailliot 《Global and Planetary Change》2009,65(3-4):134-145

In this account we present estimates of nannofossil fluxes in four sections and one borehole all belonging to the Early Jurassic western Tethys. This study aims to map the distribution of pelagic carbonate production across the Early Toarcian anoxic event (T-OAE), and to understand which environmental parameters did control such production. Our results indicate important changes in carbonate production by nannoplankton occurring within the western Tethys and its variations through time. Nannofossil fluxes (specimens per m² per year) are extremely low during the T-OAE in all the studied settings. Higher fluxes are encountered in the westernmost part of the Tethys Ocean before the T-OAE, whilst pelagic carbonate production shifted towards the northern margin of the Tethys after the recovery from anoxic conditions. The dramatic decrease in nannoplankton production during the T-OAE has been interpreted in previous works as a biocalcification crisis related to high pCO₂ in the atmosphere/hydrosphere system. Although a high pCO₂ may have lowered the carbonate saturation state of Early Jurassic oceans and finally hampered biocalcification, we speculate that the most important effects of CO₂ increase were indirect, and affected pelagic producers via changes on climate and sea-level. Namely, it seems that precipitation/evaporation budgets and continental runoff that controlled nutrient levels and salinity in surface oceanic waters were important factors for pelagic biocalcifiers.  相似文献   

双沟印支期花岗岩地球化学和地质年代学研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郭泱泱  郭安林  胡晓佳 《云南地质》2012,(1):134-138

双沟狗头坡花岗岩属高SiO2、K2O的过铝质A2型后造山(后碰撞)型花岗岩,形成于伸展构造背景下(地壳厚度<15km)。U-Pb锆石测年得到双沟岩体的年龄为235.4±1.4Ma。结合区域地质资料分析,双沟岩体的侵位时间和地球化学性质说明T2末期之前,金沙江-哀牢山洋盆业已闭合,碰撞造山期已经结束,研究区进入了造山带垮塌机制下后造山的伸展阶段。  相似文献   

Tectonic and Hydrocarbon Accumulation Elements Characteristics of the Tethyan Realm in South China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

YU Yixin  TANG Liangjie  YIN Jinyin  DONG Li  WANG Pengwan  ZHOU Yan 《《地质学报》英文版》2009,83(6):1214-1223

Abstract: The evolution of the global Tethys Sea can be classified into three stages, Proto-Tethys, Paleo-Tethys and Neo-Tethys. The Tethyan realm has distinctive features of zonations and segmentations along north-south and east-west, respectively, and has variable richness in oil and gas. The petroleum geological conditions of Tethys are complicated, partly represented by multi-layer of source and seal rocks, and reservoirs. The hydrocarbon accumulation elements and periods of the Tethyan realm show gradually younger from west to east and north to south. South China is located in the north belt and Yangtze segment of the Tethyan realm, and its polycyclic tectonic movements were governed by the Tethyan and Pacific realms. The blocks in South China rotated clockwise and counter-clockwise during their drift northward from Gondwana. The belts and segmentations of Tethys in South China are also clear, with six tectonic belts including: Chuxiong-Sichuan; middle Guizhou-Hunan-Hubei; lower Yangtze; Xuefeng-Jiangnan; Guangxi-Hunan-Jiangxi; and Cathaysia. Numerous faults, including compressional, compressional-shear, extensional, extensional-shear and shear are well developed in South China. The fault strikes are mainly NE, NW and NS, in which the NE is the dominant direction. Lower, middle and upper hydrocarbon assemblages, respectively corresponding to Proto-, Paleo- and Neo-Tethys, formed in the Tethyan realm of South China with the lower and middle having excellent hydrocarbon accumulation conditions. An integrated analysis of tectonic evolution, superimposed deformation and later hydrocarbon preservation shows that during the Neo-Tethyan stage in South China, continental sediments were deposited and experienced intense tectonic deformation, which had resulted in different hydrocarbon pool-forming features from those of the Neo-Tethyan realm.  相似文献   

青藏高原北部白垩纪隆升的证据   总被引：24，自引：6，他引：18  

李海兵  杨经绥 《地学前缘》2004,11(4):345-359

认为青藏形成统一大陆应该在印支期晚期古特提斯洋关闭和海水退出时。由于来自冈瓦纳大陆的羌塘微陆块向NE斜向俯冲 ,产生了印支期的阿尼玛卿、柴北缘和阿尔金大规模走滑断裂的形成 ,并且由于东部受到华南板块的阻挡 ,形成南北向的龙门山褶皱带。此阶段 ,地势较低 ,海拔不高。直至中特提斯洋在白垩纪早期关闭 ,来自冈瓦纳大陆的冈底斯微陆块沿班公湖—怒江一线俯冲到北部高原的下面 ,由于高原北部受到塔里木—阿拉善地块的阻挡 ,东部受到南中国板块的阻挡 ,高原北部开始隆升 ,形成高原雏形。高原南北统一大陆形成于新特提斯洋的关闭和印度板块沿雅鲁藏布江缝合带与欧亚大陆碰撞时 ,并在新近纪后开始快速抬升 ,形成现今的高原地貌 ,这已是共识。值得讨论的是 ,如何识别高原北部白垩纪时期的隆升 ,以及其对建立高原隆升模型和计算高原北部隆升速率的贡献。  相似文献   

Tectonic settings of porphyry Cu–Mo–Au deposits in the Himalayan–Tibetan orogen,East Tethys     

《International Geology Review》2012,54(3):302-312

Porphyry Cu (Mo–Au) deposits in the Himalayan–Tibetan orogen formed during the Late Triassic, Early Cretaceous, Eocene, Oligocene, and Miocene and can be classified into different metallogenic belts according to their petrologic features, mineralization ages, and tectonic settings. A close spatial relationship to regional strike–slip faults is evident in all five belts. Porphyry Cu (Mo–Au) deposits exist in a wide range of tectonic environments, including island arc, syn-collision, post-collisional convergence, and continental-transform plate boundaries.

Porphyry Cu deposits cluster in the southernmost part of the Yidun–Zhongdian Belt, along the N–S-trending Gaze River dextral strike–slip fault. Porphyry Cu deposits in the Lijiang–Jinping Belt lie along the Ailaoshan–Red River continental–transform shear zone and the associated strike–slip faults. The Yulong–Malasongduo porphyry belt is controlled by the Cesuo Fault, a NNW-trending regional dextral transcurrent fault that is associated with Palaeogene westward continental oblique subduction along the Jinsha suture. In the Gangdis Belt, Miocene porphyry Cu deposits are localized along N–S-trending normal faults, which were produced by transpression within the regional NW–SE-trending Karakoram–Jiali fault zone (KJFZ). A close spatial relationship between porphyry Cu deposits and strike–slip faults also exists for the Bangong–Nujiang Belt.  相似文献   

Middle Jurassic subduction-related ophiolite fragment in Triassic accretionary complex (Mamu Dağı ophiolite,Northern Turkey)     

《International Geology Review》2012,54(16):2021-2035

ABSTRACT

The Mamu Da?? ophiolite, ca. 13 km long and 5 km across (Tokat, Sakarya Zone), consists of peridotites, pyroxenites, gabbros, and basalts, which are crosscut by dolerite dykes. These rocks show variable degrees of serpentinization and alteration. Gabbroic rocks consisting of plagioclase + clinopyroxene ± orthopyroxene ± olivine ± amphibole ± sphene ± opaque minerals have commonly the ophitic and the cumulate textures. Similar mineral paragenesis is observed in the basalts and the dolerites, which are commonly characterized by the sub-ophitic and the microlitic porphyric textures.

Primitive mantle-normalized rare earth and trace element diagrams of gabbros and basalts display subduction-related geochemical characteristics such as high Th concentrations, negative Nb, Zr, and Ti anomalies. Some of the gabbros are interpreted to be the cumulate rocks. They have mostly positive europium anomaly (Eu/Eu* 1.77–0.83) and relatively low SiO₂ and incompatible element (e.g. Zr, Ti) contents. The initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd values of gabbro/dolerite and basalt samples vary between 0.7036 and 0.7049, between 0.51259 and 0.51278, respectively. The isotope data and the whole rock geochemistry suggest that the Mamu Da?? ophiolite was derived from a mantle source that was affected by the subduction component rather than MORB or depleted mantle source.

Hornblendes from a gabbro sample of the Mamu Da?? ophiolite yielded ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar plateau age of 159 ± 1 Ma. This age data is similar to those of many ophiolites located along the ?zmir-Ankara-Erzincan suture zone but is different from the ages reported for the Tokat Massif.  相似文献   

三江特提斯叠加成矿作用样式及过程   总被引：78，自引：64，他引：14  

邓军  王长明  李龚健 《岩石学报》2012,28(5):1349-1361

三江地区经历了特提斯洋的多期洋-陆俯冲和新生代以来的陆-陆碰撞;成矿主要集中在大洋生长与俯冲造山阶段以及碰撞造山主碰撞向晚碰撞的转换阶段,控制了区域喜马拉雅期斑岩型铜金矿带、沉积岩容矿型铅锌多金属矿带与造山型金矿带等。在不同时期构造环境作用下,在矿田与矿床范围内形成了复杂多样的叠加成矿作用。叠加成矿作用可划分为3种类型及9种方式:(1)VMS-岩浆热液叠加型。包括喜马拉雅期岩浆热液型矿体叠加海西期-燕山期"VMS型"矿体(老厂式Pb-Zn-Mo矿床和鲁春式Cu-Pb-Zn矿床),印支/燕山期岩浆热液型矿体叠加海西期VMS型矿体的羊拉式Cu-Mo-Pb-Zn矿床;(2)沉积-热液叠加型。包括喜马拉雅期岩浆热液型矿体叠加燕山期沉积矿源层的白秧坪式Cu-Pb-Zn矿床,喜马拉雅期建造热液型Ge矿体叠加沉积煤层的大寨/中寨式Ge矿床,燕山期岩浆热液叠加加里东期分水岭式Fe-Cu矿床;(3)多期热液叠加型。主要为喜马拉雅期与印支期两期叠加成矿作用的老王寨床式Au矿床,燕山期叠加印支期普朗-红山式Cu矿床,喜马拉雅期多期次叠加的金满Cu矿床。叠加成矿作用增加矿床的资源储量,丰富了矿种类型;但是现在仅有部分年代学与矿田-矿床尺度地质现象的某些证据,叠加矿床的矿体-矿石结构特征、形成条件与地球化学及矿物学约束仍有待于进一步研究。  相似文献