城市化对上海的增温效应   总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17  

葛向东  赵咏梅 《云南地理环境研究》1999,11(1):44-50

上海城市热岛效应很强, 并对气温增暖产生影响。利用主成份分析法从上海及其从近到远的４ 个郊县的２９ 年月平均温度资料中,提炼出影响上海气温变暖的两个主要因子：城市化影响和区域气候变化, 并从而推算出２９ 年来城市化使上海年平均温度增加约０．２０℃, 若排除郊区城镇化因子的影响后, 该值将更高一些。  相似文献   

江汉平原沔城M₁孔的沉积特征与古环境重建   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

朱育新  薛滨  羊向东  夏威岚  王苏民 《地质力学学报》1997,3(4):77-84

通过对江汉平原沔城M₁孔湖泊沉积物进行沉积特征、粒度、14C年代、孢粉分析,重建了晚冰期以来该地区古环境、古气候演化的过程和序列:晚冰期后期有一扩张期,气候温湿并出现湖泊相沉积;晚冰期末期气候温凉偏干、河流环境;全新世初期(10-8.9kaBP),气候转向温湿;全新世大暖期(8.9-3.5kaBP),总体上气候温暖湿润,其中6.8-4.9kaBP是最宜期,4.9-4.8kaBP和4.4-4.2kaBP为两次降温事件,4.8kaBP积水湖盆开始形成,3.9-3.5kaBP为云梦泽鼎盛期;全新世晚期(3.5-1.7kaBP),气温较大暖期有所下降,其中3.5-2.5kaBP温凉偏湿,2.5-1.7kaBP较为温湿,湖泊较为稳定,1.7kaBP开始,云梦泽萎缩,钻孔所在位置出露水面。   相似文献   

京西北地区地应变观测与小震震源机制解一致性研究     

茅远哲  曹筠  高晨  冯向东  王晓山 《中国地震》2019,35(4):709-717

以京西北地区作为研究区域,采用应变参数方法解算定点地应变观测数据,将所得应变参数时间序列作为研究对象,利用该结果与研究区内同期小震震源机制解进行一致性分析,研究得出呈拉张性质的定点观测最大主应变方位与震源机制解最大拉张变形方向（T轴）水平投影具有良好的对应性,整体以NNW—NE向为主,且自西向东排布的测点最大主应变方位与震源机制解最大拉张变形方向均表现为逐渐东向偏移的趋势,与华北平原块体北部发生顺时针旋转活动的特征相吻合,结果进一步检验了地应变观测反映区域应变场信息的能力。  相似文献   

Carboniferous integrative stratigraphy and timescale of China     

Wang  Xiangdong  Hu  Keyi  Qie  Wenkun  Sheng  Qingyi  Chen  Bo  Lin  Wei  Yao  Le  Wang  Qiulai  Qi  Yuping  Chen  Jitao  Liao  Zhuoting  Song  Junjun 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2019,62(1):135-153

The Carboniferous period lasted about 60 Myr, from ～358.9 Ma to ～298.9 Ma. According to the International Commission on Stratigraphy, the Carboniferous System is subdivided into two subsystems, i.e., Mississippian and Pennsylvanian, including 6 series and 7 stages. The Global Stratotype Sections and Points(GSSPs) of three stages have been ratified, the Tournaisian, Visean, and Bashkirian stages. The GSSPs of the remaining four stages(i.e., the Serpukhovian, Moscovian,Kasimovian, and Gzhelian) have not been ratified so far. This paper outlines Carboniferous stratigraphic subdivision and correlation on the basis of detailed biostratigraphy mainly from South China, and summarizes the Carboniferous chronostratigraphic framework of China. High-resolution biostratigraphic study reveals 37 conodont zones, 24 foraminiferal(including fusulinid) zones, 13 ammonoid zones, 10 brachiopod zones, and 10 rugose coral zones in the Carboniferous of China. The biostratigraphic framework based on these biozones warrants the precise correlation of regional stratigraphy of China(including2 subsystems, 4 series, and 8 stages) to that of the other regions globally. Meanwhile, the Carboniferous chemo-, sequence-,cyclo-, and event-stratigraphy of China have been intensively studied and can also be correlated worldwide. Future studies on the Carboniferous in China should focus on(1) the correlation between shallow-and deep-water facies and between marine and continental facies,(2) high-resolution astronomical cyclostratigraphy, and(3) paleoenvironment and paleoclimate analysis based on geochemical proxies such as strontium and oxygen isotopes, as well as stomatal indices of fossil plants.  相似文献   

湖北太白湖孢粉记录揭示的近1500年以来长江中下游地区的气候变化与人类活动   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

仝秀芳  肖霞云  羊向东  王苏民  萧家仪 《湖泊科学》2009,21(5):732-740

太白湖TN1孔总长153cm岩芯的孢粉组合与炭屑指标,揭示了近1500年以来太白湖流域的植被经历了7个阶段的变化,对引起植被发生这种变化的主导冈素探讨认为,520-1310AD期间,植被变化主要受气候变化的控制,人类活动的影响相对较弱;1310-1710AD期间,人类活动对植被的影响强度增加,为以自然控制为主向人类活动驱动为主转化的过渡期:1710AD以来,植被变化以人类活动驱动为主,反映的气候信号相对较弱.在孢粉组合所反映的气候变化中,具有520-720AD、1050-1310AD和自1950AD以来的三个暖期和720-1050AD、1310-1710AD期间的两个冷期.  相似文献   

近百年来湖北太白湖沉积通量变化与流域降水量和人类活动的关系   总被引：12，自引：4，他引：8  

刘恩峰  羊向东  沈吉  董旭辉  王苏民  夏威岚 《湖泊科学》2007,19(4):407-412

湖泊沉积通量蕴含了流域降水量及人类活动的丰富信息.依据太白湖沉积岩芯210Pb定结果及CRS模式,建立了近百年来的沉积年代序列,对比分析了不同时期沉积通量变化与流域降水量及人类活动的关系.1900-1920、1928、1937-1942、1953-1954年沉积通量较高的四个时段,分别对应于夏季降水较多的1900-1920、1931、1938-1939、1954年,沉积通量增加主要与夏季降水量偏多,被带入湖泊的泥沙量增加有关.1958-1963年,太白湖流域上游兴建三座水库,对洪水及入湖泥沙起到了调蓄作用,自此之后,太白湖的平均沉积通量减小,降水量已不再是影响沉积通量的主导因素;1958-1970年沉积通量较高,主要是太白湖围垦导致的入湖泥沙量的增加及湖泊面积减小所致;1983-1993年沉积通量的增加则反映了农业生产方式由集体转为个体生产模式后,耕作业的快速发展所导致的水土流失的加重.研究结果证明,采用210Pb强度及CRS模式所建立的太白湖近百年来的沉积年代标尺精度较高(误差小于4年),太白湖沉积环境稳定,可采用其沉积指标进行流域及湖泊环境演化重建.  相似文献   

湖泊流域生态系统演化对人类世研究的重要意义     

王荣  张科  刘建宝  董旭辉  羊向东 《湖泊科学》2024,36(2):333-338

人类世可能成为一个全新的地质时期,以描述人类活动对地球环境造成极为深远的影响,目前已被广泛讨论。湖泊及流域生态系统作为与人类社会最密切的地球单元之一,受到人类活动显著影响,相关研究成果能为理解人类世做出贡献。本文从湖泊流域生态系统和人类世本身特征为切入点,讨论了湖泊及流域生态系统演化对人类世研究的重要意义。我们认为,湖泊具有相对独立的整体,清晰的内部作用关系、完备的理论支持和时空数据支撑,能够为人类世地球各圈层交互作用提供研究框架。湖泊流域生态系统演化的稳态转换与地球环境进入新的地质时期具有诸多相似之处,相关研究成果能够更好地界定人类世开始时间、总体特征以及演变过程和机制。本文指出人类世湖泊及流域生态系统演化研究依然面临诸多挑战,并提出了对未来相关研究的展望。  相似文献   

Adsorption Mechanism and Kinetic Characterization of Bituminous Coal under High Temperatures and Pressures in the Linxing‐Shenfu Area     

TAO Chuanqi  WANG Yanbin  LI Yong  NI Xiaoming  GAO Xiangdong 《《地质学报》英文版》2020,94(2):399-408

The majority of coalbed methane(CBM) in coal reservoirs is in adsorption states in coal matrix pores. To reveal the adsorption behavior of bituminous coal under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions and to discuss the microscopic control mechanism affecting the adsorption characteristics, isothermal adsorption experiments under hightemperature and high-pressure conditions, low-temperature liquid nitrogen adsorption-desorption experiments and CO2 adsorption experiments were performed on coal samples. Results show that the adsorption capacity of coal is comprehensively controlled by the maximum vitrinite reflectance(Ro, max), as well as temperature and pressure conditions. As the vitrinite reflectance increases, the adsorption capacity of coal increases. At low pressures, the pressure has a significant effect on the positive effect of adsorption, but the effect of temperature is relatively weak. As the pressure increases, the effect of temperature on the negative effect of adsorption gradually becomes apparent, and the influence of pressure gradually decreases. Considering pore volumes of pores with diameters of 1.7-100 nm, the peak volume of pores with diameters 10-100 nm is higher than that from pores with diameters 1.7-10 nm, especially for pores with diameters of 40-60 nm, indicating that pores with diameters of 10-100 nm are the main contributors to the pore volume. The pore specific surface area shows multiple peaks, and the peak value appears for pore diameters of 2-3 nm, indicating that this pore diameter is the main contributor to the specific surface area. For pore diameters of 0.489-1.083 nm, the pore size distribution is bimodal, with peak values at 0.56-0.62 nm and 0.82-0.88 nm. The adsorption capability of the coal reservoir depends on the development degree of the supermicroporous specific surface area, because the supermicroporous pores are the main contributors to the specific pore area. Additionally, the adsorption space increases as the adsorption equilibrium pressure increases. Under the same pressure, as the maximum vitrinite reflectance increases, the adsorption space increases. In addition, the cumulative reduction in the surface free energy increases as the maximum vitrinite reflectance increases. Furthermore, as the pressure increases, the surface free energy of each pressure point gradually decreases, indicating that as the pressure increases, it is increasingly difficult to adsorb methane molecules.  相似文献   

基于学科逻辑向教学逻辑转化的区域认知素养培养     

王子栋  王向东 《地理教学》2020,(3):4-8,19

区域认知素养的培养只有在深刻理解区域、厘清区域基本性质的前提下才能更有效地进行。通过分析区域的整体性、层次性、动态性与区域认知之间的紧密联系,实现学科逻辑向教学逻辑的转化,并在此基础上总结、提炼相应的地理教学原理与规律,进而落实区域认知素养的培养目标。  相似文献   

Disk accretion onto magnetic neutron stars     

Xiangdong Li  Zhenru Wang 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1995,225(1):47-55

The magnetic torque contributed by field-threading disk takes on a significant role in the total torque exerted on the magnetic neutron stars in X-ray binaries. In previous works, the toroidal field generated by rotational shear is estimated from the Faraday induction law. It is re-evaluated in this paper with the electrodynamical boundary conditions across the surface of the disk in an axisymmetric case. The dependence of the resistivity of disk plasma on radius is also estimated based on the standard disk theory. A more realistic expression of the disk torque is then derived. The applications to several disk-accreted X-ray pulsars are briefly discussed.Project supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China and the funds from the State Education Commission for the training of Ph.D.'s  相似文献