Application of the third medium method for frictionless contact problems in geomechanics     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2017

Traditional approaches in contact mechanics demand complicated search algorithms at the interface between the contacting bodies. Recently, a new contact method based on the concept of a third medium has been developed, which overcomes the drawbacks of conventional contact mechanics techniques. This new scheme is based on a space filling mesh, in which the contacting bodies can move and interact. The ability and accuracy of this method in predicting displacements, as well as the contact forces, is validated by solving selected numerical examples. The potential merits of this method for analysing geotechnical problems by the finite element method are addressed.  相似文献   

Analysis of long-term ozone trend over Delhi and its meteorological adjustment   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S. Kumari  G. Jayaraman  C. Ghosh 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2013,10(6):1325-1336

Present study deals with the statistical analysis of long-term ground level ozone (O₃) trend and the influence of meteorological variables on its variation over Delhi, India. Daily mean and maximum of O₃ and meteorological data, obtained from India Meteorological Department, were arranged for the period of 9 years (1998–2006). Based on the preliminary correlation study of all the data with O₃, six variables viz. daily maximum temperature, daily average relative humidity, dew point, wind speed, visibility, and total sunshine were selected. Classical additive time series decomposition technique was used to obtain seasonally adjusted long-term trend. To analyze the masking effect of meteorology, adjustment was made using Kolmogorov–Zurbenko filters followed by stepwise regression analysis to the smoothed series of O₃ maximum and meteorological variables, which showed that long-term trend was independent of sunshine duration. Results indicate a significant increasing trend with annual increase of 1.13 % for O₃ mean and 3 % for O₃ maximum. Annual deseasonalized trend for seasonal cycle shows bimodal oscillations. About 43 % of O₃ variation was explained by the selected meteorological factors and rest of variation attributed to factors like emission of precursor gases, pollutant transport, policy changes, etc. Among the three tested regression models, performance of Model 2 with variable temperature, wind speed, and visibility was found to be best that resulted in lowering of O₃ trend. Large variability (23 %) was explained by the variable visibility depicted that the emission of primary pollutants not only provides the precursor gases but also control the local photochemical reactions.  相似文献   

东北冬季气温年际、年代际影响因子的比较     

房一禾  周放  张运福  赵梓淇  沈秋宇  王乙舒  王春学 《地理科学》2013,(7):844-850

采用1961~2012年东北三省53站月平均气温资料及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料。分析东北冬季气温变化特征。利用SVD法得出影响东北冬季气温的主要因子。分别从年际和年代际尺度上,用偏相关法分析了各因子对东北冬季气温独立的影响。结果表明:东北冬季气温以全区一致异常为主,气温显著上升;东北冬季气温主要影响因子是北极涛动、西伯利亚高压和东亚冬季风;年际尺度上,北极涛动和东亚冬季风适合描述东北中、北部的冬季气温。西伯利亚高压与东北南部冬季气温关系密切;年代际尺度上,北极涛动适合描述东北冬季气温。  相似文献   

Customization of WRF-ARW model with physical parameterization schemes for the simulation of tropical cyclones over North Indian Ocean     

Krishna K. Osuri  U. C. Mohanty  A. Routray  Makarand A. Kulkarni  M. Mohapatra 《Natural Hazards》2012,63(3):1337-1359

The convection and planetary boundary layer (PBL) processes play significant role in the genesis and intensification of tropical cyclones (TCs). Several convection and PBL parameterization schemes incorporate these processes in the numerical weather prediction models. Therefore, a systematic intercomparison of performance of parameterization schemes is essential to customize a model. In this context, six combinations of physical parameterization schemes (2 PBL Schemes, YSU and MYJ, and 3 convection schemes, KF, BM, and GD) of WRF-ARW model are employed to obtain the optimum combination for the prediction of TCs over North Indian Ocean. Five cyclones are studied for sensitivity experiments and the out-coming combination is tested on real-time prediction of TCs during 2008. The tracks are also compared with those provided by the operational centers like NCEP, ECMWF, UKMO, NCMRWF, and IMD. It is found that the combination of YSU PBL scheme with KF convection scheme (YKF) provides a better prediction of intensity, track, and rainfall consistently. The average RMSE of intensity (13?hPa in CSLP and 11?m?s^?1 in 10-m wind), mean track, and landfall errors is found to be least with YKF combination. The equitable threat score (ETS) of YKF combination is more than 0.2 for the prediction of 24-h accumulated rainfall up to 125?mm. The vertical structural characteristics of cyclone inner core also recommend the YKF combination for Indian seas cyclones. In the real-time prediction of 2008 TCs, the 72-, 48-, and 24-h mean track errors are 172, 129, and 155?km and the mean landfall errors are 125, 73, and 66?km, respectively. Compared with the track of leading operational agencies, the WRF model is competing in 24?h (116?km error) and 72?h (166?km) but superior in 48-h (119?km) track forecast.  相似文献   

根际环境锌镉镍的形态变化与植物有效性   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

孙丽娜李玉双  李昕馨孙铁珩 《岩矿测试》2007,26(4):257-263

以抚顺西露天采场60平盘5种修复植物根际与非根际土为研究对象，运用顺序提取实验和数理统计分析方法研究了根际与非根际土中Zn、Cd、Ni的形态分布与植物有效性。结果表明，Zn、Ni在根际与非根际土中主要以硫化物态存在；而Cd在非根际土中以硫化物态为主，在根际土中以可交换态和松、紧有机态为主。与Ni相比，非根际土中Zn的紧有机态、氧化物态和Cd的紧有机态、氧化物态、可交换态比例明显偏大；与非根际土相比，根际土中Zn的铁锰氧化物态和硫化物态含量增加，碳酸盐态含量降低，松有机态、紧有机态和可交换态Zn在不同植物根际变化不同。Cd的硫化物态降低，可交换态、松有机态、碳酸盐态、氧化物态和紧有机态含量在不同植物根际变化不同。Ni的紧有机态显著增加，可交换态、碳酸盐态和硫化物态明显降低，松有机态在不同植物根际变化不同；根际Cd的碳酸盐态增加和氧化物态降低有利于植物Cd的吸收；碳酸盐态Zn的减少可促进植物Zn的增高。  相似文献   

基于贝叶斯模型的器测、古气候重建与气候模拟数据的融合试验     

余君  李庆祥  张同文  徐文慧  张雷  崔妍 《气象学报》2018,76(2):304-314

气象部门馆藏的西部最早的器测气象资料始于20世纪30年代,不能满足建立20世纪以来中国气候变化序列的需求,而古气候重建或气候模拟资料则可以延伸到器测时代以前。为了探讨长序列多源气候资料序列融合方法,采用贝叶斯方法对中国北疆地区8条树轮气温重建资料、器测资料与国际耦合模式比较计划第5阶段（CMIP5）模式模拟资料进行了融合试验。首先利用器测资料对气温代用资料进行校验与网格重建,并以此作为贝叶斯模型的先验分布,然后,用泰勒图选出了该区域气候模拟效果最佳的几个模式;最后将网格重建和气候模拟序列用贝叶斯模型进行了融合试验。结果表明,贝叶斯融合模型能有效提取各种数据来源的有用信息进行融合,融合结果的长期变化（线性）趋势更接近器测气候序列,并在一定程度上提高了序列的精度,减小了结果的不确定性;并且,融合结果能够纠正先验分布及气候模拟数据的明显偏差,为长年代气候序列重建提供了一个可行的思路。   相似文献   

Controls on biochemical oxygen demand in the upper Klamath River,Oregon     

Annett B. Sullivan  Dean M. Snyder  Stewart A. Rounds 《Chemical Geology》2010,269(1-2):12-21

A series of 30-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) experiments were conducted on water column samples from a reach of the upper Klamath River that experiences hypoxia and anoxia in summer. Samples were incubated with added nitrification inhibitor to measure carbonaceous BOD (CBOD), untreated to measure total BOD, which included demand from nitrogenous BOD (NBOD), and coarse-filtered to examine the effect of removing large particulate matter. All BOD data were fit well with a two-group model, so named because it considered contributions from both labile and refractory pools of carbon: BOD_t = a₁(1 ? e^? a₀t) + a₂t. Site-average labile first-order decay rates a₀ ranged from 0.15 to 0.22/day for CBOD and 0.11 to 0.29/day for BOD. Site-average values of refractory zero-order decay rates a₂ ranged from 0.13 to 0.25 mg/L/day for CBOD and 0.01 to 0.45 mg/L/day for BOD; the zero-order CBOD decay rate increased from early- to mid-summer. Values of ultimate CBOD for the labile component a₁ ranged from 5.5 to 28.8 mg/L for CBOD, and 7.6 to 30.8 mg/L for BOD. Two upstream sites had higher CBOD compared to those downstream. Maximum measured total BOD₅ and BOD₃₀ during the study were 26.5 and 55.4 mg/L; minimums were 4.2 and 13.6 mg/L. For most samples, the oxygen demand from the three components considered here were: labile CBOD > NBOD > refractory CBOD, though the relative importance of refractory CBOD to oxygen demand increased over time. Coarse-filtering reduced CBOD for samples with high particulate carbon and high biovolumes of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae. There was a strong positive correlation between BOD, CBOD, and the labile component of CBOD to particulate C and N, with weaker positive correlation to field pH, field dissolved oxygen, and total N. The refractory component of CBOD was not correlated to particulate matter, instead showing weak but statistically significant correlation to dissolved organic carbon, UV absorbance at 254 nm, and total N. Particulate organic matter, especially the alga A.flos-aquae, is an important component of oxygen demand in this reach of the Klamath River, though refractory dissolved organic matter would continue to exert an oxygen demand over longer time periods and as water travels downstream.  相似文献   

某电厂铁路边坡稳定性分析     

侯连成  王笑二  徐立军 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2010,21(3):33-37

本文以某电厂铁路沿线边坡为研究对象,采用有限元法结合极限平衡法分析了边坡稳定性。通过有限元分析,给出了边坡岩体应力及应变分布,分析表明,边坡岩体加荷后未发现大剪应变的贯通区。刚体极限平衡法评价了沿节理滑动的边坡稳定性,三个剖面边坡稳定性系数均大于1.4。安全系数均符合相关规范要求,计算结果为边坡加固设计提供了重要依据。  相似文献   

A Lagrangian particle random walk model for simulating a deep-sea hydrothermal plume with both buoyant and non-buoyant features     

田宇  李伟  张艾群 《中国海洋工程》2013,27(2):215-230

This paper presents a computational model of simulating a deep-sea hydrothermal plume based on a Lagrangian particle random walk algorithm. This model achieves the efficient process to calculate a numerical plume developed in a fluid-advected environment with the characteristics such as significant filament intermittency and significant plume meander due to flow variation with both time and location. Especially, this model addresses both non-buoyant and buoyant features of a deep-sea hydrothermal plume in three dimensions, which significantly challenge a strategy for tracing the deep-sea hydrothermal plume and localizing its source. This paper also systematically discusses stochastic initial and boundary conditions that are critical to generate a proper numerical plume. The developed model is a powerful tool to evaluate and optimize strategies for the tracking of a deep-sea hydrothermal plume via an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV).  相似文献   

Modeling of circulation and salinity in Hooghly estuary     

P. C. Sinha  Y. R. Rao  S. K. Dube  A. D. Rao  A. K. Chatterjee 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(2):197-213

The circulation and salinity distribution in the Hooghly Estuary have been studied by developing a two‐dimensional depth‐averaged numerical model for the lower estuary, where the flow is vertically well mixed. This has been coupled with a one‐dimensional model for the upper estuary, where the flow is assumed to be unidirectional and well mixed over the depth and breadth. The Hooghly River receives high freshwater discharge during the monsoon season (June to September), which has significant effect on the salinity distribution in the estuary. The model‐simulated currents, elevations, and salinities are in good agreement with observations during the dry season. However, during the wet season the computed salinities seem to deviate slightly from the observed values.  相似文献