贵州安龙县耕地表层土壤营养元素地球化学特征          下载免费PDF全文

莫光员  李丕鹏  袁盛博  黎富当  吴启美 《贵州地质》2020,37(3):396-403

在安龙县耕地质量地球化学调查评价的基础上，通过对不同成土母岩、不同土壤类型和不同耕地地类表层土壤中有机质、N、P、K、Mn、B、Cu、Mo、Zn等营养元素进行分析研究。研究结果表明:(1)营养元素平均含量由高到低依次为:有机质＞K＞N＞Mn＞P＞Zn＞B＞Cu＞Mo，其中P、Mn、Mo、Cu、Zn平均含量高于贵州和全国背景值；有机质、N、B平均含量高于全国背景值、低于贵州背景值；K平均含量低于贵州和全国背景值。有机质、N、P、K、B 、Cu变异系数小于060，含量变化幅度相对较小； Mn、Mo、Zn变异系数在091110间，含量变化幅度相对较大。(2)不同成土母岩土壤表层营养元素中，有机质与N、B，N与B，Mn与Zn在 001 水平上显著正相关。P与K在 001 水平上显著负相关；Cu与有机质、N、B在 005 水平上显著负相关。(3)不同土壤类型营养元素主要呈微-弱富集或微-弱贫化，仅石灰土中Mn为中等富集、红壤中Cu为中等贫化。耕地表层土壤营养元素富集与贫化受成土母岩、土壤类型和耕地地类影响，成土母岩为主要影响因素。  相似文献   

Soil Microbial Abundances and Enzyme Activities in Different Rhizospheres in an Integrated Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland     

Ying Ge  Chongbang Zhang  Yueping Jiang  Chunlei Yue  Qinsu Jiang  Hang Min  Haitian Fan  Qiang Zeng  Jie Chang 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2011,39(3):206-211

Rhizosphere microorganism is an important bio‐component for wastewater treatment in constructed wetlands (CWs). Microbial abundance and enzyme activities in the rhizospheres of nine plant species were investigated in an integrated vertical‐flow CW. The abundance of denitrifiers, as well as urease, acid, and alkaline phosphatase activities were positively correlated to plant root biomass. The abundance of bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, ammonifiers, denitrifiers, and phosphorus decomposers, related to nutrient removal efficiencies in CWs, greatly varied among rhizospheres of different plant species (p < 0.05). Significant differences in rhizosphere enzyme activity among plant species were also observed (p < 0.05), with the exception of catalase activity. The principal component analysis using the data of microbial abundance and enzyme activity showed that Miscanthus floridulus, Acorus calamus, and Reineckia carnea were candidates to be used in CWs to effectively remove nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater.  相似文献   

Productivity and nutrient cycling in salt marshes: Contribution to ecosystem health     

Ana I. Sousa  Ana I. Lillebø  Miguel A. Pardal  Isabel Caçador 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010

This study aimed to assess the contribution of different salt marsh halophytes (Spartina maritima, Scirpus maritimus, Halimione portulacoides, Sarcocornia fruticosa, and Sarcocornia perennis) to nutrient cycling and sequestration in warm-temperate salt marshes. Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in plant organs and rhizosediment, as well as plant biomass were monitored every two months during one year. Results show that the C retained in the rhizosediment does not seem to be species or site specific. However, some halophytes seem to have a higher contribution to retain C from external sources, namely S. perennis and S. maritima. Regarding N, halophytes colonizing the upper and middle marsh areas had the highest NBPP (net belowground primary production) as well as the retention of N in the rhizosediment. Yet, excluding S. maritimus, all halophytes seem to contribute to the retention of N from external sources. The P retained in the rhizosediment does not seem to be species or site specific. Still, only S. maritima colonizing the lower marsh areas, which also had comparatively lower NBPP, seem to have a higher contribution to retain P from external sources. Additionally, it seems that there is no relation between plants sequestration capacity for nutrients and plant photosynthetic pathway. This work shows that nutrient cycling and accumulation processes by salt marsh halophytes contribute to reduce eutrophication (N and P retention) and also to reduce atmospheric CO₂ (C retention), highlighting salt marsh ecosystems services and the crucial role of halophytes in maintaining ecosystem functions and health.  相似文献   

铁对浮游植物吸收营养盐的围隔实验初步研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

宋国栋  石晓勇  侯继灵  祝陈坚 《海洋与湖沼》2008,39(3):209-216

利用围隔实验初步研究了铁的加入对浮游植物吸收营养盐的影响。结果表明,春季向黄海天然水体中进行单纯的DIN和PO4-P加富并不能明显地促进浮游植物的生长(M2与M1相比),在营养盐加富的条件下铁的加入则能够对浮游植物的生长起到明显地促进作用(M3、M4与M2相比);铁的加入能够明显提高浮游植物对DIN和PO4-P的吸收利用率。加铁围隔M3和M4中浮游植物对DIN的吸收利用率分别为59%和45%,分别比M2提高了9倍和6.5倍;对PO4-P的吸收利用率分别为88%和86%,均比M2提高了3.2倍。M3和M4中浮游植物对氮的平均吸收速率分别是M1的2倍和M2的1.5倍;对磷的平均吸收速率以M3中最高,达到了其他围隔袋的2倍之多。铁的加入能够提高浮游植物对氮的平均吸收速率;对于磷来说,低浓度(10-2μmol/L)添加铁似乎对其吸收速率无甚影响,但是添加10-1μmol/L的铁能够明显的促进浮游植物对磷的吸收速率。铁的加入能够明显降低浮游植物体内的氮磷比,且这种响应非常敏感。  相似文献   

Geochemical studies of northern taiga (gypsum) karst ecosystems and their high vulnerability to natural and anthropogenic hazards   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

T. Yu. Tuyukina 《Environmental Geology》2009,58(2):269-274

In the taiga gypsum karst ecosystems, gypsum soils formed on the hard gypsum substrates predominate in the soil cover. In these soils, the mineral horizons consist of 95–99% gypsum (CaSO₄·2H₂O) and the litter is the main horizon for nutrient accumulation. For this reason, the ecosystems are vulnerable to fire and erosion by walkers, from which they only recover slowly. Gypsum mining for industrial uses is also leading to the destruction of this unique ecosystem.  相似文献   

Mapping of accumulated nitrogen in the sediment pore water of a eutrophic lake in Iowa, USA     

M. Z. Iqbal  C. L. Fields 《Environmental Geology》2009,57(2):465-475

A large pool of nitrogen in the sediment pore fluid of a eutrophic lake in Iowa, USA, was mapped in this study. Previously, the lake had supported fishing and boating, but today it no longer supports its designated uses as a recreational water body. In the top 5 cm of the lake bottom, the pore water nitrogen ranges between 3.1 and 1,250 μg/cm³ of sediments, with an average of 160.3 μg/cm³. Vertically, nitrate concentrations were measured as 153 μg/cm³ at 0–10 cm, 162 μg/cm³ at 10–20 cm, and 32 μg/cm³ at 20–30 cm. Nitrate mass distribution was quantified as 3.67 × 10³ kg (65%) in the bottom sediments, 172 kg (3%) in suspended particulates, and 1.83 × 10³ kg (32%) in the dissolved phase. Soil runoff nutrients arrive at the lake from the heavily fertilized lands in the watershed. Upon sedimentation, a large mass of nitrogen desorbs from mineral particles to the relatively immobile pore fluid. Under favorable conditions, this nitrogen diffuses back into the water column, thereby dramatically limiting the lake’s capability to process incoming nutrients from farmlands. Consequently, a condition of oxygen deficiency disrupts the post-season biological activities in the lake.  相似文献   

Plant Community and Nutrient Status of the Soils of Schirmacher Oasis,East Antarctica     

Shiv Mohan Singh  Jagdev Sharma  Rasik Ravindra  Purnima Singh 《极地研究(英文版)》2008,19(1):63-76

Investigations on plant community and micronutrient status of Schirmacher Oasis, East Antarctica have been presented in this paper. The dominant plant communities include moss and lichen. The frequency of species occurrence and changes in species composition at different location varied. Thirty-four soil samples were ana- lyzed for chemical properties of the soils of Schirmacher Oasis and Nunatak, East Antarctica. The most common plant species growing throughout the areas of Sehirmacher Oasis and Nunataks are： Candelariella tiara （ lichen ） and Bryum pseudotriquetrum （moss）. Large variations were observed among different soil samples in all the nutri- ents and other measured soil chemical parameters. The soils are characterized by a-cidic pH ranging from 4.42 - 6.80. The mean organic carbon content was 0.62 and ranged from 0. 06 - 1.29%. The electrical conductivity in 1 ： 2 soil water ratio ranged from 0.06 - 1.29. The average content of macronutrient cation, which are ammonium acetate extractable was in the order of Ca 〉 K 〉 Na 〉 Mg. The average content of DTPA extractable micronutrient cations was in the order of Fe 〉 Mn 〉 Cu 〉 Zn. Thirty one out of 34 samples contained less than 0.80 ppm DTPA extractable Zn. Correlation studies revealed that content of macronutrient cations significantly and positively correlated to that of chlorides. Electrical conductivity exhibited significant and positive relationship with pH, K, Ca, Mg, Na and chloride content. Sodium （r =0.876 ＊ ＊ ） exhibited highest correlation followed by K （r =0. 831 ＊ ＊ ） with chlo- ride content. The correlation coefficient for chlorides was higher with electrical conductivity （r=0.732＊ ＊ ） than pH （r =0. 513 ＊ ＊ ）. Organic carbon content of the soil was positively correlated with Fe （ r = 0. 442 ＊ ）. The nutrient status did not appear to be a limiting factor in growth of plants. Lichen and moss community structure and composition in the study area were not related with fertility status o  相似文献   

Agroecological measures and circular economy strategies to ensure sufficient nitrogen for sustainable farming     

《Global Environmental Change》2021

Sustainable food systems face trade-offs between demands of low environmental pressures per unit area and requirements of increasing production. Organic farming has lower yields than conventional agriculture and requires the introduction of nitrogen (N) fixing legumes in crop rotations. Here we perform an integrated assessment of the feasibility of future food systems in terms of land and N availability and the potential for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Results show that switching to 100% organic farming without additional measures results in N deficiency. Dietary change towards a reduced share of animal products can aggravate N limitations, which can be overcome through the implementation of a combination of agroecological, circular economy and decarbonization strategies. These measures help to recycle and transfer N from grassland. A vegan diet from fully decarbonized conventional production performs similarly as the optimized organic scenario. Sustainable food systems hence require measures beyond the agricultural sector.  相似文献   

几种藻类对氮、磷的同化率与其营养成分的关系   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

郑爱榕  李淑英  李文权 《海洋科学》1994,18(3):44-48

测定了６种单细胞藻对氮，磷的同化率，光合作用速率和各藻的蛋白，氨基酸等营养成分。结果：（１）各藻的氨基酸含量与藻类对氮，磷的同化率呈线性相关；（２）藻的光合作用速率和光合作用指数分别与被藻同化的氨氮和Ｎ／Ｐ比值呈显著的相关关系。  相似文献   

Modelling multi-nutrient interactions in phytoplankton; balancing simplicity and realism     

Kevin J Flynn 《Progress in Oceanography》2003,56(2):249-279

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