波浪场中浓度输移扩散Stokes漂移效应的欧拉描述          下载免费PDF全文

闫圣  邹志利 《海洋通报》2017,36(4):416-423

为了说明波浪场中浓度输移扩散Stokes漂移效应的欧拉描述方法,采用欧拉方法推导了波浪场中波浪周期平均的浓度输移扩散方程,其对流项是由波浪速度的波动和物质浓度的波动相互作用而产生,所含的对流速度恰是Stokes漂移速度。由此说明,波浪场中浓度扩散问题的Stokes漂移效应可以自动的由欧拉法来考虑,所得到的Stokes漂移效应与拉格朗日描述的结果是等价的。为了进一步说明这一问题,将粒子追踪法的拉格朗日描述的Stokes漂移速度与欧拉法的结果进行了对比,二者是一致的。研究中也数值求解了线性波浪场中σ坐标下浓度扩散方程,将浓度的Stokes漂移、浓度分布和粒子追踪法的结果进行了对比,以证明欧拉描述和拉格朗日描述两种方法的等价性。研究中也根据实验结果对实际波浪场中Stokes漂移效应所引起的浓度漂移进行了讨论,解释了物理模型实验中的观察到的波浪场中浓度漂移现象。  相似文献   

Inertial effects during irreversible meniscus reconfiguration in angular pores     

《Advances in water resources》2014

In porous media, the dynamics of the invading front between two immiscible fluids is often characterized by abrupt reconfigurations caused by local instabilities of the interface. As a prototype of these phenomena we consider the dynamics of a meniscus in a corner as it can be encountered in angular pores. We investigate this process in detail by means of direct numerical simulations that solve the Navier–Stokes equations in the pore space and employ the Volume of Fluid method (VOF) to track the evolution of the interface. We show that for a quasi-static displacement, the numerically calculated surface energy agrees well with the analytical solutions that we have derived for pores with circular and square cross sections. However, the spontaneous reconfigurations are irreversible and cannot be controlled by the injection rate: they are characterized by the amount of surface energy that is spontaneously released and transformed into kinetic energy. The resulting local velocities can be orders of magnitude larger than the injection velocity and they induce damped oscillations of the interface that possess their own time scales and depend only on fluid properties and pore geometry. In complex media (we consider a network of cubic pores) reconfigurations are so frequent and oscillations last long enough that increasing inertial effects leads to a different fluid distribution by influencing the selection of the next pore to be invaded. This calls into question simple pore-filling rules based only on capillary forces. Also, we demonstrate that inertial effects during irreversible reconfigurations can influence the work done by the external forces that is related to the pressure drop in Darcy’s law. This suggests that these phenomena have to be considered when upscaling multiphase flow because local oscillations of the menisci affect macroscopic quantities and modify the constitutive relationships to be used in macro-scale models. These results can be extrapolated to other interface instabilities that are at the origin of fast pore-scale events, such as Haines jumps, snap-off and coalescence.  相似文献   

Topographic forcing of flow partition and flow structures at river bifurcations     

Stefano Miori  Richard J. Hardy  S. N. Lane 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2012,37(6):666-679

This paper presents the predicted flow dynamics from the application of a Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes model to a series of bifurcation geometries with morphologies measured during previous flume experiments. The topography of the bifurcations consists of either plane or bedform‐dominated beds which may or may not possess discordance between the two bifurcation distributaries. Numerical predictions are compared with experimental results to assess the ability of the numerical model to reproduce the division of flow into the bifurcation distributaries. The hydrodynamic model predicts: (1) diverting fluxes in the upstream channel which direct water into the distributaries; (2) super‐elevation of the free surface induced at the bifurcation edge by pressure differences; and (3) counter‐rotating secondary circulation cells which develop upstream of the apex of the bifurcation and move into the downstream channels, with water converging at the surface and diverging at the bed. When bedforms are not present, weak transversal fluxes characterize the upstream channel for almost its entire length, associated with clearly distinguishable secondary circulation cells, although these may be under‐estimated by the turbulence model used in the solution. In the bedform dominated case, the same hydrodynamic conditions were not observed, with the bifurcation influence restricted and depth scale secondary circulation cells not forming. The results also demonstrate the dominant effect bed discordance has upon flow division between the two distributaries. Finally, results indicate that in bedform dominated rivers. Consequently, we suggest that sand‐bed river bifurcations are more likely to have an influence that extends much further upstream and have a greater impact upon water distribution. This may contribute to observed morphological differences between sand‐bedded and gravel‐bedded braided river networks. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Air–water two-phase flow modeling of turbulent surf and swash zone wave motions     

R. Bakhtyar  A.M. Razmi  D.A. Barry  A. Yeganeh-Bakhtiary  Q.-P. Zou 《Advances in water resources》2010

Wave breaking and wave runup/rundown have a major influence on nearshore hydrodynamics, morphodynamics and beach evolution. In the case of wave breaking, there is significant mixing of air and water at the wave crest, along with relatively high kinetic energy, so prediction of the free surface is complicated. Most hydrodynamic studies of surf and swash zone are derived from single-phase flow, in which the role of air is ignored. Two-phase flow modeling, consisting of both phases of water and air, may be a good alternative numerical modeling approach for simulating nearshore hydrodynamics and, consequently, sediment transport. A two-phase flow tool can compute more realistically the shape of the free surface, while the effects of air are accounted for. This paper used models based on two-dimensional, two-phase Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations, the volume-of-fluid surface capturing technique and different turbulence closure models, i.e., k–ε, k–ω and re-normalized group (RNG). Our numerical results were compared with the available experimental data. Comparison of the employed method with a model not utilizing a two-phase flow modeling demonstrates that including the air phase leads to improvement in simulation of wave characteristics, especially in the vicinity of the breaking point. The numerical results revealed that the RNG turbulence model yielded better predictions of nearshore zone hydrodynamics, although the k–ε model also gave satisfactory predictions. The model provides new insights for the wave, turbulence and means flow structure in the surf and swash zones.  相似文献   

Stokes漂流近似公式对海洋表层流场估算的影响     

柏川棋  宋金宝  陈辉 《海洋与湖沼》2019,50(1):12-23

本文采用波浪订正的Ekman模型,研究分析了三种Stokes漂流近似公式(单波公式、e指数公式、Phillips谱近似公式)对海洋表层流场估算的影响。海表总流场由海表面高度(SSH)数据计算的地转流和海浪模式WAVEWATCH Ⅲ输出结果计算的非地转流组成,并采用拉格朗日浮标观测数据对计算结果进行了验证。研究表明,随着Stokes漂流近似公式精度的提高,其计算的拉格朗日流速更接近于谱积分公式的计算结果,更贴近拉格朗日浮标观测数据。与谱积分公式计算的海表拉格朗日流速相比,单波公式的平均相对偏差为0.0834,e指数公式的平均相对偏差为0.0392,Phillips谱近似公式的平均相对偏差为0.0101,说明Phillips谱近似公式在不同风速下均能对谱积分公式有良好的近似效果。在低风速条件下,由Stokes漂流近似公式精度引起的海洋表层流场估算误差可以忽略不计,但随着风速增加,由近似公式精度引起的偏差逐渐变大,此时应该选择Phillips谱近似公式计算Stokes漂流,来减小误差。  相似文献   

Hydrodynamic shape optimization by high fidelity CFD solver and Gaussian process based response surface method     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

A computational framework for hydrodynamic shape optimization of complex ship hull form is proposed and applied to improve the calm water performance of the KRISO Container Ship (KCS). The framework relies on three key features: a novel shape morphing method based on a combination of subdivision surfaces and free form deformations, a robust three dimensional viscous computational fluid dynamic solver based on the openFOAM open-source libraries and a Gaussian process-response surface method (GP-RSM) based on ordinary Kriging model which has been created to speed-up the evaluation of the quantity of interest (QoI) of the design process.The accuracy of the hydrodynamic solver is proven by comparing the obtained results against available experimental measurements. A preliminary sensitivity analysis on the mesh size has been carried out aiming at reducing the computational burden required by the CFD predictions. Three GP-RSMs have been trained relying on increasing number of hull designs. Each surrogate model has been cross-validated by both leave-one-out and k-fold techniques. The behaviours of these multi-dimensional surfaces have been analyzed in details by sampling the investigated design space with 10⁷ points according to a Full-Factorial algorithm, highlighting the regions of maximum deviation with respect to the resistance of the reference hull. The three optimum designs provided by the corresponding GP-RSM models have been verified by using high-fidelity CFD simulations with a refined mesh configuration. Calm water resistance, wave patterns and pressure distributions over the selected hull surfaces have been discussed in the light of the generated shape variations.  相似文献   

计算低空扰动引力的模型方法比较     

刘长弘  吴亮 《测绘科学》2015,(12):22-26

针对不同模型方法在低空扰动引力计算中的适用问题,该文选取我国某山地区域,分析比较球谐位系数模型法、点质量模型法和Stokes积分法在低空不同高度的扰动引力计算精度及效率;并且分析误差来源和个别改进办法。结果表明:点质量模型计算低空扰动引力精度较高,且速度最快;去奇异点的Stokes积分法可以解决低空积分时数值溢出的问题,但精度较低;球谐位系数模型法原理简单,但计算速度最慢。  相似文献   

弱非线性斯托克斯波在非平整海底上传播的新型抛物型方程   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

黄虎  周锡礽  吕秀红 《海洋学报》2000,22(4):101-106

由于缓坡方程计算量大和其本身的缓坡假定而在实际应用中受到了限制,故对斯托克斯波在非平整海底(适用于缓坡和陡坡地形)上传播的Liu和Dingemans的三阶演化方程进行抛物逼近,得到一个新的非线性抛物型方程,它能够包含同类方程未曾考虑的二阶长波效应.通过数值计算结果与Berkhoff等人的经典实验数据的比较,证明所提出的抛物型模型理论具有较高的精度.  相似文献   

非线性波浪时域计算的三维耦合模型   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

齐鹏  王永学  邹志利  邱大洪 《海洋学报》2000,22(6):102-109

将计算区域Ω划分为内域Ω₁和外域Ω₂(Ω₂=Ω-Ω₁),外域控制方程采用改进线性频散特性的二维Boussinesq方程,用预报一校正法数值求解;结构物附近的内域控制方程为三维Navier-Stokes方程,由VOF方法数值求解。通过在外域和内域相匹配的交界面上设置合适的速度和波面边界条件,建立了三维非线性波浪时域计算的耦合模型。模拟试验表明:(1)耦合模型数值波浪水池可以产生稳定的、重复性较好的波动过程;(2)用耦合模型数值波浪水池求解较大浅水区域上的非线性波浪数值计算问题可以取得较高的计算效率,同时又能得出结构物附近的复杂流场。  相似文献   

Stokes漂对上层海洋温度变化影响的数值研究     

ZHANG Xiaoshuang  WANG Zhifeng  WANG Bin  WU Kejian  HAN Guijun  LI Wei 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(7):48-55

The impact of Stokes drift on the mixed layer temperature variation was estimated by taking into account an advective heat transport term induced by the Stokes drift in the equation of mixed layer temperature and using the oceanic and wave parameters from a global ocean circulation model （HYCOM） and a wave model （Wave Watch III）. The dimensional analysis and quantitative estimation method were conducted to assess the importance of the effect induced by the Stokes drift and to analyze its spatial distribution and seasonal variation characteristics. Results show that the contribution of the Stokes drift to the mixed layer temperature variation at mid-to-high latitudes is comparable with that of the mean current, and a substantial part of mixed layer temperature change is induced by taking the Stokes drift effect into account. Although the advection heat transport induced by the Stokes drift is not the leading term for the mixed layer temperature equation, it cannot be neglected and even becomes critical in some regions for the simulation of the upperocean temperature.  相似文献