The Warming and Wetting Ecological Environment Changes over the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and the Driving Effect of the Asian Summer Monsoon     

孙婵  徐祥德  王培娟  杨典  张胜军  王春竹  蔡雯悦 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2022,28(1):95-108

The impact of warming and wetting on the ecological environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (TP) under the background of climate change has been a concern of the global scientific community. In this paper, the optimized interpolation variational correction approach is adopted for the analysis of monthly high-resolution satellite precipitation products and observations from meteorological stations during the past 20 years. As a result, the corrected precipitation products can not only supplement the “blank area” of precipitation observation stations on the TP, but also improve the accuracy of the original satellite precipitation products. The precipitation over the TP shows different spatial changes in the vegetation growing season, known as the time from May to September. The precipitation in the vegetation growing season and leaf area index (LAI) in the following month show a similar change pattern, indicating a “one-month lag” response of LAI to precipitation on the TP. Further analysis illustrates the influence of water vapor transport driven by the Asian summer monsoon. Water vapor derived from trans-equatorial air flows across the Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea is strengthened, leading to the increase of precipitation in the central and northern TP, where the trend of warming and wetting and the increase of vegetation tend to be more obvious. By contrast, as a result of the weakening trend of water vapor transport in the middle and low levels in southern TP, the precipitation decreases, and the LAI shows a downtrend, which inhibits the warming and wetting ecological environment in this area.  相似文献   

大比例尺DLG数据生产中若干问题的探讨     

付翔 《东北测绘》2013,(4):186-188

大比例尺DLG数据是数字城市地理信息平台中最重要的基础地理信息数据,对于加快城市信息化进程具有重要的保障作用。制定合理的DLG数据生产工艺流程,精确配准影像,快速构建居民地及植被要素面,二次开发辅助程序,对提高数据质量,缩短项目生产周期具有重要意义,文章就以上问题,进行了详细的探讨与实践。  相似文献   

Lagged response of phytoplanktonic photosynthetic competence to variation of nitrogen concentration in Jiaozhou Bay, China     

付翔  李凡  吕振波  翟红昌  韩博平 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2013,31(6):1295-1305

Fluorescence-based maximal photochemical efficiency, Fv/Fm, is widely used as an indicator to photosynthetic competence in marine systems. It has been considered a useful parameter diagnosing the nutrient stress on phytoplankton photosynthesis, but many studies argue its usefulness. In the present study, we try to find a temporal relationship between Fv/Fm and nitrogen concentration, and provide a possible explanation on the controversy. We continuously measured Fv/Fm and nitrogen concentration once every 10 days from September 2003 to March 2004 at two stations in Jiaozhou Bay, northern China. It was found that Fv/ffm did not significantly correlate to synchronous nitrogen concentration, but the variation （i.e. the change between two adjacent cruises） of nitrogen concentration of the previous cruise and the variation ofFv/Fm of the current cruise were strongly correlated. This result indicates that a time lag exists between the variation of nutrient status and the subsequent Fv/Fm response. Length of the time lag seems just matched the interval of our measurements （10 days）. In the field, direct dependence of Fv/Fm on nitrogen concentration may not be found because of the lagged response of Fv/Fm to nitrogen concentration variations or physiological acclimation. Our results provide a possible way to explain the previously reported conflicting results on the relationship between Fv/Fm and nutrient status. To give a more-accurate estimate about the length of the time lag, an investigation that includes more frequent measurements is needed.  相似文献   

QuikSCAT风场在台风风暴潮计算中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

付翔  仉天宇  于福江 《海洋预报》2012,29(4):18-22

业务化风暴潮计算中多采用模型风场的算法来给出风暴潮强迫场。最大风速半径是模型风场最难确定的参数之一。利用QuikSCAT卫星风场数据拟合台风最大风速半径是确定该参数的有效方法。将拟合得到的最大风速半径代入模型风场计算风暴潮的驱动场,模拟的沿岸风暴增水与实况更为接近。  相似文献   

北京及周边气溶胶区域影响与大雾相关特征的研究进展   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

施晓晖  徐祥德 《地球物理学报》2012,55(10):3230-3239

针对2011年12月初北京及华北持续近一周的严重大雾天气这一热点事件,从城市群大雾过程气溶胶区域影响的视角,基于"973"项目"北京及周边地区大气-水-土环境污染机理与调控原理"的研究工作,就北京及周边地区大雾天气与大气气溶胶区域影响的关系等方面进行了讨论.研究表明,北京城市大雾前低空SO₂和NO₂浓度存在"积聚"与"突增"现象.北京及周边地区冬季雾日数和气溶胶光学厚度则呈正相关,并具有"同位相"的年际变化趋势.研究同时发现北京及其南部周边的冬季气溶胶高值区呈南北向带状分布,其与北京周边居民户数高值区有所吻合,反映了冬季北京城市气溶胶颗粒物的远距离影响源区及大尺度输送效应.统计分析指出,冬季北京气溶胶颗粒物PM₁₀、PM_2.5主要影响成分是SO₂和NO_X,且有关研究也表明,电厂、采暖和工业面源是SO₂的三大本地排放源,而机动车、电厂、工业为NO_X的三大本地排放源,上述大气PM₁₀、PM_2.5主成分污染源亦与雾水样本化学分析结果相吻合,即冬季由于燃煤在生活能源中的比例较大,北京雾水中硫元素和碳元素的含量都较高.因此,北京冬季大雾不仅与北京城区气溶胶及其污染排放影响存在相关关系,而且与北京周边天津、河北、山东等地气溶胶及大气污染物的远距离输送和气溶胶区域影响效应有着重要的联系.因此,北京雾霾天气及相关大气污染的治理工作首先要着眼于局地污染物的减排,但同时如何做好区域大气污染的协同治理也是不容忽视的问题.  相似文献   

一次东北冷涡暴雨的水汽输送特征和位涡分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王宁  徐祥德  徐洪雄  慕秀香  牛立强  李尚锋 《地理科学》2014,34(2):211-219

通过对2010年7月27~29日吉林省一次较大范围的冷涡暴雨、大暴雨过程进行诊断分析,建立了此类暴雨的天气概念模型：200 hPa呈现“两脊一槽”型,高空急流呈辐散状位于吉林省上空,急流中心最大风速≥60 m/s;500 hPa东北冷涡强烈发展,鄂海阻高稳定维持是此次强降水发生的重要天气系统,中心最大风速≥20 m/s的偏西风急流带横穿吉林省中部;850 hPa风速≥12 m/s的3条急流带在吉林省中东部地区交汇,形成低层辐合、高层辐散的气旋性涡度柱,较强的垂直上升气柱一直向上伸展到500 hPa附近,极有利于对流的发展和强降水的维持。通过计算整层水汽通量与吉林省逐6 h平均降水量的相关矢量场,结果表明：偏西、偏南及偏北3条水汽通道在吉林省中南部汇集是此次强降水发生的重要条件,暴雨落区与整层水汽通量汇合区密切相关,水汽输送以经向(南北方)水汽流入为主。暴雨期间具有较好的动力、热力及能量条件,特别是湿对流有效位能明显偏强,强降水出现在对流有效位能 (CAPE)值由极大值开始下降的过程中。干侵入是激发冷涡发生、发展的动力条件之一,≥1 PVU(位涡单位)的高位涡舌在下降的过程中,同时南移,与中部地区强降水落区自北向南移动相吻合。  相似文献   

Response of cyanobacterial carbon concentrating system to light intensity: a simulated analysis     

付翔  韩博平 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2010,(3)

Cyanobacteria possess a delicate system known as the carbon concentrating mechanism (CCM), which can efficiently elevate the intracellular inorganic carbon (Ci) concentration via active transportation. The system requires energy supplied by photosystems; therefore, the activity of the Ci transporter is closely related to light intensity. However, the relationship between CCM and light intensity has rarely been evaluated. Here, we present an improved quantitative model of CCM in which light is incorporated, and developed a CCM model that modified after Fridlyand et a1. in 1996. Some equations used in this model were inducted to describe the relationship between transport capacity and light intensity, by which the response of the CCM to light change is simulated. Our results indicate that the efficiency of the carbon concentrating system is sensitive to light intensity. When the external Ci concentration was low, CO2 uptake dominated the total Ci uptake with increasing light intensity, while under high external Ci concentrations HCOˉ3 uptake primarily contributed to the total Ci uptake. Variations in the ratio of energy allocated between the transport systems could markedly affect the operation of CCM. Indeed, our simulations suggest that various combinations of Ci fluxes can provide a possible approach to detect the way by which the cell distributes energy produced by the photosystems to the two active Ci transport processes. The proportion of the energy consumed on CCM to the total energy expenditure for the fixation of one CO2 molecule was determined at 18%–40%.  相似文献   

TOVS资料的变分处理方法在青藏高原地区的数值试验   总被引：16，自引：2，他引：14  

翁永辉  徐祥德 《大气科学》1999,23(6):703-712

首次在测站稀少的高原地区引入经变分技术处理的TOVS资料,使用MM5数值模式对高原地区降水数值预报难点进行了研究。探讨了解决高原地区测站少、数值预报模式初始场信息误差大的技术关键问题,提出了采用TOVS资料在高原地区增加初始场信息的构思。数值试验结果表明,应用变分法处理后的TOVS资料,可显著地提高高原初始场信息的可靠性。考虑夏季高原地区是对流多发区特点,本文采用非静力MM5模式,并在模式初始场中增加了TOVS资料,弥补了测站稀少的高原地区使用非静力模式的不足之处。研究结果表明,本文采用的TOVS资料技术方案可能是高原区域数值模式降水预报的有效途径,并为开拓卫星资料的应用领域提供了技术思路与理论分析依据。  相似文献   

基于小波分析的我国台风风暴潮直接经济损失周期分析及预测     

刘旭  董剑希  姜珊  赵达君  付翔  王峥  梁颖祺 《海洋学报》2023,(7):137-146

本文选取1989-2021年我国台风风暴潮直接经济损失统计数据,依据线性趋势法和Mann-Kendall非参数检验法进行分析,结果表明,32年间我国风暴潮灾害经济损失呈现显著下降趋势,整体呈厚尾分布特征,采用对数化处理后呈显著的正态分布特征。采用Morlet小波变换对我国台风风暴潮直接经济损失的周期变化规律进行分析,t检验结果显示,全域存在准两次高频振荡,1～2年及7～8年的周期振荡,但随时间变化年际周期逐渐缩短为3～5年,说明风暴潮经济损失序列存在高频振荡和多周期嵌套的低频振荡规律。在此基础上,采用Daubechies小波分解分离高频信号和低频信号,均方根误差和信噪比精度分析结果表明,当小波基设置消失矩为7,分解层数为2时,我国台风风暴潮直接经济损失时间序列具有最优分解重构效果。对各分解层进行小波系数平稳性检验和白噪声检验,建立的小波分解-ARMA组合模型的模拟精度和预测精度均优于传统的自回归移动平均模型和Fourier级数拓展模型,证明了小波分解法在我国台风风暴潮经济损失快速评估中具有可靠性和优越性。  相似文献   

TCM-90现场试验台风能量频散波列特征   总被引：13，自引：5，他引：8  

徐祥德  陈联寿  解以扬  亢迪 《气象学报》1998,56(2):129-138

采用ＴＣＭ－９０（台风运动－９０）台风现场科学试验资料,对台风ＦＬＯ,ＥＤ个例进行了诊断分析,并做了有关数值试验研究。分析研究结论揭示了台风涡旋作为一动力、热力强迫源或ＣＩＳＫ不稳定结构,其与环境场相互作用可激发出动能频散波列;台风扰源通过频散机制可构成类似２维Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波的经向波列;台风涡旋的移动路径与上述能量传播特征有一定的相关关系。  相似文献