固相萃取—高温裂解—气相色谱质谱法测定西台晶间卤水中溶解性有机质          下载免费PDF全文

黄孟丽  杨克利  张耀玲  钱桂敏  董亚萍  李武 《盐湖研究》2016,24(4):23-31

采用3种固相萃取材料(C18、XAD-8/4和PPL)分离富集西台吉乃尔盐湖卤水中的溶解性有机物(DOM),通过总有机碳/总氮分析(TOC/TN)、紫外—可见光谱分析、元素分析、傅里叶变换红外光谱分析(FTIR)、高温裂解—气相色谱质谱联用仪(Py-GC/MS)等对富集的有机物进行表征和分析方法比较。结果表明,西台吉乃尔盐湖卤水中的溶解性有机物主要有多糖类,芳香类、含氮类有机物,烷烃烯烃类化合物。PPL,C18和XAD-8/4的回收率分别为40±2%,7±2%和16±1%,虽然C18和XAD-8/4回收率较低,但3种吸附剂都有各自的特点,C18较易吸附烷烃烯烃类有机物,XAD-8/4较易吸附芳香类有机物,PPL较易吸附含N类有机物和多糖类有机物。  相似文献   

海洋荧光溶解有机物研究进展   总被引：15，自引：1，他引：15  

郭卫东  程远月  吴芳 《海洋通报》2007,26(1):98-106

海洋荧光溶解有机物(FDOM)是海洋有色溶解有机物中可产生荧光的组分,其理化性质对于海洋上层的水色遥感、光化学以及浮游植物的生产力和生态系统结构与功能等都有重要影响。总结了FDOM的3种荧光光谱分析技术及其特点,重点对其两种主要成分(类腐殖质和类蛋白质荧光物质)的荧光特性、分布变化以及来源、分布变化及其去除等进行了全面细致的综述,阐述了研究FDOM的海洋学意义,并对今后有待深入研究的重点问题作了展望。  相似文献   

烟台四十里湾海域红色裸甲藻赤潮发展过程及其成因   总被引：35，自引：9，他引：35  

吴玉霖  周成旭  张永山  蒲新明  李伟华 《海洋与湖沼》2001,32(2):159-167

对1998年8月中旬至9月中旬烟台四十里湾发生的大规模赤潮进行调查研究。结果表明，此次赤潮发生面积约为100km^2，其原因种为红色裸甲藻Gymnodinium sanguineum,密度高达1560ind/ml，是我国首次记录的由该种生物引起的规模赤潮。大量衰亡赤潮生物的分解消耗水体的溶解氧，引起下层水体严重缺氧，导致养殖的扇贝大批死亡。赤潮的成因主要是大量陆源有机物、营养盐类的排入和大规模贝类筏式养殖的自身污染，为赤潮生物的暴发性增殖提供丰富的物质基础；适宜的水文气象条件亦为赤潮的发生提供良好的物理环境。  相似文献   

长江口海域表层水体颗粒有机物δ¹⁵N的分布特征     

宋飞  宋秀贤  俞志明 《海洋与湖沼》2007,38(6):521-528

提要以长江口海域2005年4个季度的现场调查为基础,测定了不同季节表层水体中悬浮颗粒有机物的δ15N值(δ15Np),初步分析了δ15Np的时空分布特点以及表层水体中δ15Np指示水体富营养化的可行性。结果显示,长江口海域表层水体中平均δ15Np偏低,δ15Np离散程度较大,农业化肥、大气沉降对该海域氮来源贡献较大,陆源氮输入变化及氮分馏作用程度较大。δ15Np的空间分布具有季节性差异,陆源氮输入变化及氮分馏作用导致的长江口近岸海域δ15Np的季节变化是其主要原因。5月份δ15Np与DIN具有显著正相关性,一定程度上δ15Np可以指示海域氮富营养化程度。  相似文献   

沉积物离子交换法直接测定黄河口水体中溶解有机物的络合容量     

刘莲生  张正斌  王修林  马炬珂 《海洋与湖沼》1990,21(3):255-266

本文提出用黄河口沉积物为固体交换剂直接测定黄河口水体中溶解有机物的络合容量的一种新方法,其特点为:(1)不必假设“有机配位体和金属有机络合物与固体粒子不发生交换(或吸附)”;(2)运用普遍的吸附(交换)等温式;(3)在pH7—8范围内,δ-MnO_2的交换率(E%)高达近100,不能测得正常形式的等温线,无典型意义,而采用黄河口沉积物则无此缺点。  相似文献   

珠江河口水体有机物与盐度和氮,磷营养盐的关系   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

彭云辉  陈玲娣 《海洋通报》1993,12(5):33-37

根据１９８７年２月至１９８８年２月的调查资料，讨论了珠江河口水域ＣＯＤ与盐度和Ｎ，Ｐ营养盐间的相互关系。线性回归的结果表明，纵断面Ⅲ的丰，枯水期ＣＯＤ与Ｓ和Ｎ，Ｐ间相关性很好，在９９％置信水平上显著，横断面Ⅰ，Ⅱ区间，ＣＯＤ与Ｓ呈岁相关趋势，ＣＯＤ与Ｎ高度显著相关，ＣＯＤ与Ｐ相关性次之。  相似文献   

Geochemical Characteristics of Natural Gases in the Sichuan Basin—A Further Discussion     

Huang Jizhong 《中国地球化学学报》1991,10(1):45-57

This paper is the continuation of the paper published in 1985, with the emphasis on the irregular components of natural gases from the Sichuan Basin—the isotopic compositions of C,H and S, the n-and iso-alkane predominance (C₆-C₁₃) of methane homologues, the compositional characteristics of benzene and methylbenzene, and the distribution and geochemical characteristics of organic sulfur-bearing compounds including thiophen, thio-alcohol, etc. It is considered that natural gases from the Sichuan Basin have different distributional characteristics in different layers and locations, suggesting that they are controlled by a combination of factors such as kerogen type, maturity of organic matter and wall-rock assemblage.

1. The type of source material (or precursor) is a main factor affecting the geochemical characteristics of natural gases. T_3x-h and P₂l produce coal-series gases with type-III source material dominant. The C and H isotopic compositions of natural gases are heavier, the contents of C₆H₆ and C₇H₈ are high, C₇H₈/C₆H₆ < 1. the content of C₄H₄S is low, and the predominance in isoalkane (C₆C₁₃) is obvious. J₁t. P₁y. Z₂b. etc. produce oil-series gases with type-I and -II kerogens dominant, indicating that the geochemical characteristics of natural gases are different from those described above.
2. The maturity of organic matter is an important factor affecting the composition of natural gases.With increasing maturity of organic matter, the C and H isotopic compositions tend to become light. C₁ and C₂ isotopic values are nearly equal or even inverse, and C₄H₄S decreases in content.
3. Wall-rock assemblage has apparent influence on the S isotopic composition. The Middle-Lower Triassic series belongs to sulfate-carbonate formations enriched in gypsum. Therefore, the (δ³⁴S values of natural gases are relatively high (< 20 %.) against the lower values for other layers due to the absence of gypsum layers.

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夏季黄海不同水团溶解有机物分布特征     

王艺超  刘小艳  宋贵生  Xie Huixiang 《海洋学报》2019,41(12):145-155

依据2017年8—9月对黄海海域溶解有机物(DOM)的调查，探讨了夏季黄海海水中溶解有机碳(DOC)和有色溶解有机物(CDOM)的空间分布特征。在表层海水中，受陆源影响较大的近岸海域CDOM含量相对较高，北黄海冷水团区域由于水产养殖的饵料引起DOC浓度升高，且该部分DOC以无色为主。DOC浓度随深度逐渐降低，而CDOM逐渐升高，该特征在冷水团区域更为显著，因此DOC和CDOM在冷水团区域的表底差异远大于浅水区的非冷水团区域。陆源输入和初级生产是引起表层DOC升高的主要原因，而光漂白则引起CDOM降低，同时光漂白还导致表层水体中CDOM分子量和芳香性低于底层。底层溶解氧饱和度在冷水团为80%～93%，均表现为弱不饱和状态。层化不仅阻碍了O₂向底层水体输送，还抑制了DOC和CDOM的垂向混合，这是引起冷水团区域表底层DOC和CDOM差异较大的主要原因。  相似文献   

海水中大分子有机质对铂族元素的吸附动力学研究     

刘凯  高学鲁  邢前国  陈夫山 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(8):8-16

Adsorption kinetics of the interaction between Pt, Pd and Rh(defined here as platinum group elements, PGEs)ions and macromolecular organic compounds(MOCs, 10 kDa), including humic acid, carrageenan and bovine serum albumin, and different cutoff fractions of natural organic matter(1 kDa and 3 kDa) obtained from seawater using centrifugal ultrafiltration devices were investigated. For a given element, all the adsorption kinetics did not reach equilibrium except the interaction between Pt and 1 kDa cutoff, and between Pd and humic acid.For all the tested MOCs, the adsorption kinetics could be divided into two stages, a rapid adsorption process in the first 8 h and the desorption stage after the first 8 h until the equilibrium. The change trend of partition coefficient(log_(10)K_d) values with experiment time was consistent with that of the kinetic curves. However, in the interaction between PGE ions and natural dissolved organic matter(NDOM), an obvious difference in the change trends of log_(10)K_d and kinetic curves was observed. It indicated that the partition behavior of PGE ions interacting with NDOM in seawater was a combined effect of different organic constituents. The adsorption and log_(10)K_d of PGEs in the 1 kDa NDOM fraction were higher and more stable than those in the 3 kDa NDOM fraction. The results also indicated that the 1–3 kDa NDOM may dominate the interaction between PGEs ions and NDOM. Moreover, no kinetic model could perfectly simulate the adsorption process. It indicated that the colloidal struction and morphology of MOCs or NDOM in seawater might be inhomogeneous. Hence, the interaction between PGE ions and organic matter in seawater was a complicated process and needs further research.  相似文献   

长江口邻近陆架区表层沉积物的木质素分布和有机物来源分析   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

杨丽阳  吴莹  张经  于灏  张国森  朱卓毅 《海洋学报》2008,30(5):35-42

对长江口邻近陆架区表层沉积物的有机物进行碳、氮元素、碳稳定同位素和木质素测定,以分析其物质来源,特别是陆源有机物的迁移埋藏。结果表明,碳与氮含量的比值为6.2~7.7,δ13C为-19.9×10-3~-22.4×10-3。8种木质素酚单位的总含量(相对于总有机碳)为0.15×10-2~1.56×10-2mg/mg,显著低于长江口门处的2.50×10-2mg/mg。香草基酚类的酸醛比平均值为0.90,表明该海区的陆源有机物是高度降解的;紫丁香级酚类与香草基酚类的含量之比为(0.78±0.35),肉桂基酚类与香草基酚类的含量之比为(0.13±0.08),表明这些陆源有机物源于草本和木本混合的被子植物。31.5°N以南站位木质素的降解程度比北部的高,草本植物源的贡献更大,被子植物的主导优势也更明显;长江输入的有机物以沿岸堆积为主,具有显著的离岸降低趋势。在31.5°N以北的陆架区,虽然近岸站位陆源有机物的贡献显著高于其他站位,但其他站位并没有离岸递减趋势。这种南北分布差别可能是由海流条件和水深梯度的差异引起的。计算结果显示,该海区表层沉积物中的陆源有机物占总有机物的5%~57%,且主要来自土壤有机质。  相似文献