宇宙成因核素~(10)Be揭示的北祁连山侵蚀速率特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

胡凯  方小敏  赵志军  Darryl Granger 《地球科学进展》2015,30(2):268-275

山脉侵蚀速率的大小和时空分布信息是研究山脉构造—气候相互作用和地貌演化的关键切入点,其大小是受气候还是构造控制争论已久。宇宙成因核素10Be方法为从千年至万年尺度上定量研究流域平均侵蚀速率提供了一种先进和快捷的技术手段,为揭示侵蚀速率与现代气候和构造地貌因子的关系并进行相关分析提供了基础。利用该方法对北祁连山近现代侵蚀速率进行了研究。所采集的9个流域现代河沙样品,结合前人数据进行共同分析,结果显示该区侵蚀速率的变化范围为18.7~833 mm/ka,北祁连山中段的侵蚀速率约为323 mm/ka,该区侵蚀速率与降雨量没有明显的对应关系,但与流域平均坡度呈现很好的非线性关系,揭示坡度是该区侵蚀速率的最主要控制因素。通过对比北祁连山地表平均侵蚀速率和该区域的断层垂直滑动速率发现整体上该区域地表侵蚀速率要低于祁连山北缘断层的垂直滑动速率,反映了北祁连山正处于地形抬升和生长的过程之中。  相似文献   

过去2000年东亚夏季风降水百年际变化特征及成因的模拟研究     

Sun Weiyi  Liu Jian  Wang Zhiyuan 《地球科学进展》2015,30(7):780-790

利用地球系统模式CESM过去2 000年气候模拟试验结果,探讨了在百年尺度上东亚夏季风降水的时空变化特征及其成因,对于认识百年尺度气候变化规律、区分外强迫因子对东亚季风的影响有着重要的科学意义。研究表明:1东亚夏季风降水与温度基本同相变化,降水存在准100年、准150年和准200年周期。2降水标准化EOF第一模态为由北向南"负—正—负—正"的条带状空间分布,而EOF第二模态基本为全区一致的分布型态。3东亚夏季风降水准100年周期主要受太阳辐射、火山活动和气候系统内部变率的共同影响;准150年周期主要受太阳辐射的影响;准200年周期主要受太阳辐射和火山活动的影响。东亚夏季风降水在温带地区主要受温室气体和土地利用/覆盖的影响;在副热带地区主要受太阳辐射和火山活动的影响;在热带地区主要受太阳辐射、火山活动和气候系统内部变率的影响。  相似文献   

Mapping crustal structure beneath southern Tibet: Seismic evidence for continental crustal underthrusting     

《Gondwana Research》2015,28(4):1487-1493

Receiver function imaging along a temporary seismic array (ANTILOPE-2) reveals detailed information of the underthrusting of the Indian crust in southern Tibet. The Moho dips northward from ~ 50 km to 80 km beneath the Himalaya terrane, and locally reaches ~ 85 km beneath the Indus–Yalung suture. It remains at ~ 80 km depth across the Lhasa terrane, and shallows to ~ 70 km depth under the Qiangtang terrane. An intra-crustal interface at ~ 60 km beneath the Lhasa terrane can be clearly followed southward through the Main Himalaya Thrust and connects the Main Boundary Thrust at the surface, which represents the border of the Indian crust that is underthrusting until south of the Bangong–Nujiang Suture. A mid-crustal low velocity zone is observed at depths of 14–30 km beneath the Lhasa and Himalaya terranes probably formed by partial melt and/or aqueous fluids.  相似文献   

一次伴有雷暴的暴雪天气成因机理分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

胡鹏  蔡哲  张永靖  任健 《气象科学》2015,35(2):210-215

利用常规气象观测资料、多普勒雷达资料和NCEP1°×1°再分析资料,采用针对对流发生的诊断分析方法对济南市2010年2月28日—3月1日的一次伴有雷暴的暴雪天气过程的水汽条件、不稳定能量和触发机制以及雷达回波特征进行了分析。结果表明:本次暴雪过程是受高空槽影响产生的,中低层的暖湿急流的输送为暴雪的产生提供了充足的水汽,造成暴雪和雷暴的不稳定状态包括对流不稳定和条件性对称不稳定。而锋生次级环流是触发不稳定能量释放的重要原因。多普勒雷达产品中的带状回波和强风速垂直切变反映了条件性对称不稳定的存在。云顶高度超过-40 ℃层,满足产生雷暴和闪电的必要条件。  相似文献   

热带大气季内振荡对中国冬季持续低温事件的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张伟  江静 《气象科学》2015,35(4):422-429

利用1959—2011年中国522个站点冬季日平均温度资料,选出期间中国发生的持续低温事件,统计了MJO位于各位相时中国各区域发生持续低温事件的概率,并试图从垂直速度以及经向环流异常入手,研究MJO影响中国冬季持续低温事件的机制。统计研究表明,MJO位于2、3位相时,中国大部分地区发生持续低温事件的概率相对更高。中国北方部分地区在MJO位于5、6位相时,也有相对较高的概率触发持续低温事件。而MJO位于7位相时中国南方地区发生持续低温事件的概率较高。从影响机制看,MJO能够激发出西北向传播的Rossby波,引起局地Hadley环流异常,在副热带亚洲地区激发出大气异常显著的垂直运动,影响东亚地区大气环流形势,进而改变冷空气活动的路径或区域,导致中国冬季的持续低温事件发生概率的变化。  相似文献   

RegCM4.1对中国区域气候模拟能力评估   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

吴昊旻  黄安宁  周洋  张录军 《气象科学》2015,35(1):17-25

利用中国气象局提供的1985—2004年756个台站的逐日降水和气温观测数据评估了区域气候模式(RegCM4.1)对中国地区不同季节的降水和气温的模拟性能,并结合中国的区域气候特征和气候带分布进行分区讨论。结果表明RegCM4.1能够较好地再现中国地区四季降水占全年百分比、降水率的空间分布特点以及降水带南北摆动的季节变化特征。RegCM4.1对平均气温分布模拟较好,强度和高低中心与观测事实接近,但对青藏高原地区的气温分布模拟值一致偏低。同时发现RegCM4.1能够合理再现内陆地区气温日较差明显大于沿海地区的总体分布特征,不过模拟值在新疆和沿海地区比观测结果均偏低。  相似文献   

Modulation of decadal ENSO-like variation by effective solar radiation     

《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2015

Prediction of the Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly in the coming decades is a challenge as the SST anomaly changes over time due to natural and anthropogenic climate forcing. The climate changes in the mid-1970s and late-1990s were related to the decadal Pacific SST variability. The changes in the mid-1970s were associated with the positive phase of decadal El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-like SST variation, and the changes in the late-1990s were related to its negative phase. However, it is not clear whether this decadal SST variability is related to any external forcing. Here, we show that the effective solar radiation (ESR), which includes the net solar radiation and the effects of volcanic eruption, has modulated this decadal ENSO-like oscillation. The eastern Pacific warming (cooling) associated with this decadal ENSO-like oscillation over the past 139 years is significantly related to weak (strong) ESR. The weak ESR with strong volcanic eruption is found to strengthen the El Niño, resulting in an El Niño-like SST anomaly on the decadal time scale. The strong eruptions of the El Chicho’n (1982) and Pinatubo (1991) volcanoes reduced the ESR during the 1980s and 1990s, respectively. The radiation reduction weakened the Walker circulation due to the “ocean thermostat” mechanism that generates eastern Pacific warming associated with a decadal El Niño-like SST anomaly. This mechanism has been confirmed by the millennium run of ECHO-G model, in which the positive eastward gradient of SST over the equatorial Pacific was simulated under the weak ESR forcing on the decadal time scale. We now experience a reversal of the trend in the ESR. The strong solar radiation and lack of strong volcanic eruptions over the past 15 years have resulted in strong ESR, which should enhance the Walker circulation, leading to a La Niña-like SST anomaly.  相似文献   

Historical and future quantification of terrestrial carbon sequestration from a Greenhouse-Gas-Value perspective     

《Global Environmental Change》2015

Terrestrial ecosystems provide a range of important services to humans, including global and regional climate regulation. These services arise from natural ecosystem functioning as governed by drivers such as climate, atmospheric carbon dioxide mixing ratio, and land-use change. From the perspective of carbon sequestration, numerous studies have assessed trends and projections of the past and future terrestrial carbon cycle, but links to the ecosystem service concept have been hindered by the lack of appropriate quantitative service metrics. The recently introduced concept of the Greenhouse Gas Value (GHGV) accounts for the land-atmosphere exchanges of multiple greenhouse gases by taking into consideration the associated ecosystem pool sizes, annual exchange fluxes and probable effects of natural disturbance in a time-sensitive manner.We use here GHGV as an indicator for the carbon sequestration aspects of the climate regulation ecosystem service, and quantify it at global scale using the LPJ-GUESS dynamic global vegetation model. The response of ecosystem dynamics and ecosystem state variables to trends in climate, atmospheric carbon dioxide levels and land use simulated by LPJ-GUESS are used to calculate the contribution of carbon dioxide to GHGV. We evaluate global variations in GHGV over historical periods and for future scenarios (1850–2100) on a biome basis following a high and a low emission scenario.GHGV is found to vary substantially depending on the biogeochemical processes represented in LPJ-GUESS (e.g. carbon–nitrogen coupling, representation of land use). The consideration of disturbance events that occur as part of an ecosystem's natural dynamics is crucial for realistic GHGV assessments; their omission results in unrealistically high GHGV. By considering the biome-specific response to current climate and land use, and their projections for the future, we highlight the importance of all forest biomes for maintaining and increasing biogeochemical carbon sequestration. Under future climate and carbon dioxide levels following a high emission scenario GHGV values are projected to increase, especially so in tropical forests, but land-use change (e.g. deforestation) opposes this trend. The GHGV of ecosystems, especially when assessed over large areas, is an appropriate metric to assess the contribution of different greenhouse gases to climate and forms a basis for the monetary valuation of the climate regulation service ecosystems provide.  相似文献   

Snow cover variations in Gansu,China, from 2002 to 2013     

Xun Liu  Chang-Qing Ke  Zhu-De Shao 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2015,122(3-4):487-496

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History of Star Formation of the Galaxy Cluster Abell 85     

YUAN Qi-rong  ZHAO Zhen-yuJING Wei  XU Hao-jie 《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》2014

Abell 85 is a cD galaxy cluster in the southern hemisphere and has a redshift of 0.055. Based on the spectra of 242 member galaxies provided by the Sloan spectral survey data, using the stellar population constituents and star formation history of these member galaxies obtained from the population synthesis software STARLIGHT, we study the regularities of the variations of star formation properties of galaxies (such as the ages, metal abundances and star formation rates of the characteristic stellar populations) with the local surface density of galaxies. As revealed by the results, the galaxies situated in the highdensity environments of the central region of the cluster possess higher population ages and metal abundances, and their rates of star formation are rather low, the recent activities of star formation are obviously suppressed. Besides, the correlations of the galaxy metal abundance and speci?c star formation rate with the stellar mass are asserted.  相似文献