Prediction of risk in submarine tunnel construction by multi-factor analysis: A collapse prediction model     

Maoxin Su  Peng Wang  Daohong Qiu  Zhiqiang Li  Teng Xia 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(9):1119-1129

Abstract

Collapse is a major threat in tunnel construction. How to predict collapse risk accurately and timely is a complicated problem. In this paper, a non-linear mathematical model is applied to obtain the potential risk indices for a submarine tunnel using statistical analysis based on previous submarine tunnels, such as the Seikan tunnel and Xiang’an tunnel. Rough set theory is used to screen risk indices, determine each indicator value, and classify risk factors. Traditional weight calculation methods that are overly dependent on expert experience and other subjective factors are optimized and improved. Based on the frequency of each risk factor, the objective weight value of each risk index is determined according to weight back analysis theory. The ideal point method is used to calculate the collapse risk level. Predictions made by this new method are consistent with the actual tunnel collapse risk levels. This new method provides theoretical and technical basis for effectively predicting tunnel collapse.  相似文献   

基于Web平台的桂林市自动气象站信息综合处理系统设计     

邱奕炜  蓝设华  唐雷 《气象研究与应用》2012,33(1):69-72

分析了基于Web平台的自动气象站信息综合处理系统的设计思路、设计原则和系统特点,解析了系统的总体技术框架和功能模块结构,并就设计实现过程中的关键技术进行详细剖析。  相似文献   

A parameterized yet accurate model of ozone and water vapor transmittance in the solar-to-near-infrared spectrum     

刘为一  邱金桓 《大气科学进展》2012,29(3):599-610

A parameterized transmittance model(PTR) for ozone and water vapor monochromatic transmittance calculation in the solar-to-near-infrared spectrum 0.3-4 μm with a spectral resolution of 5 cm-1 was developed based on the transmittance data calculated by Moderate-resolution Transmittance model(MODTRAN).Polynomial equations were derived to represent the transmittance as functions of path length and airmass for every wavelength based on the least-squares method.Comparisons between the transmittances calculated using PTR and MODTRAN were made,using the results of MODTRAN as a reference.Relative root-mean-square error(RMSre) was 0.823% for ozone transmittance.RMSre values were 8.84% and 3.48% for water vapor transmittance ranges of 1-1×10 18 and 1-1×10 3,respectively.In addition,the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II(SAGEII) ozone profiles and University of Wyoming(UWYO) water vapor profiles were applied to validate the applicability of PTR model.RMSre was 0.437% for ozone transmittance.RMSre values were 8.89% and 2.43% for water vapor transmittance ranges of 1-1×10 18 and 1-1×10 6,respectively.Furthermore,the optical depth profiles calculated using the PTR model were compared to the results of MODTRAN.Absolute RMS errors(RMSab) for ozone optical depths were within 0.0055 and 0.0523 for water vapor at all of the tested altitudes.Finally,the comparison between the solar heating rate calculated from the transmittance of PTR and Line-by-Line radiative transfer model(LBLRTM) was performed,showing a maximum deviation of 0.238 K d-1(6% of the corresponding solar heating rate calculated using LBLRTM).In the troposphere all of the deviations were within 0.08 K d-1.The computational speed of PTR model is nearly two orders of magnitude faster than that of MODTRAN.  相似文献   

Doppler Radar Data Assimilation with a Local SVD-En3DVar Method          下载免费PDF全文

XU Daosheng  SHAO Aimei  QIU Chongjian 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2012,26(6):717-734

An observation localization scheme is introduced into an ensemble-based three-dimensional variational (3DVar) assimilation method based on the singular value decomposition technique (SVD-En3DVar) to improve assimilation skill. A point-by-point analysis technique is adopted in which the weight of each observation decreases with increasing distance between the analysis point and the observation point. A set of numerical experiments, in which simulated Doppler radar data are assimilated into the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, is designed to test the scheme. The results are compared with those obtained using the original global and local patch schemes in SVD-En3DVar, neither of which includes this type of observation localization. The observation localization scheme not only eliminates spurious analysis increments in areas of missing data, but also avoids the discontinuous analysis fields that arise from the local patch scheme. The new scheme provides better analysis fields and a more reasonable short-range rainfall forecast than the original schemes. Additional forecast experiments that assimilate real data from 10 radars indicate that the short-term precipitation forecast skill can be improved by assimilating radar data and the observation localization scheme provides a better forecast than the other two schemes.  相似文献   

利用3维变分方法同化多普勒天气雷达资料的试验研究   总被引：15，自引：13，他引：2  

杨毅  邱崇践  龚建东  希爽 《气象科学》2008,28(2):124-132

以美国新近研发的天气研究预报模式(WRF)配置的3维变分同化系统WRF 3D-Var为平台,针对2003年7月4-5日的一次暴雨过程进行了一组同化多普勒天气雷达径向风和回波强度资料的试验研究.其中同化径向风资料的方法是先用两步变分法由多普勒资料反演出水平风,再同化反演风场;同化雷达回波强度资料的方法是通过雷达回波强度与雨水混合比的经验关系以暖雨过程为约束的同化方法.试验结果表明同化雷达资料后对降水预报有显著的正作用.其中单独同化雷达回波强度资料的正作用在前3～6 h效果非常显著;单独同化反演的水平风场对降水预报的正作用能持续12 h;二者同时同化对提前9 h的降水预报改进更加明显.  相似文献   

雄安新区中小学生防震减灾科普知识现状调查研究          下载免费PDF全文

云萌  张合  刘思宇  尹锦栋  仇硕 《地震科学进展》2022,52(2):77-83

为了解雄安新区防震减灾科普教育在中小学校园内开展情况及学生对防震减灾知识的认知和需求,课题组2020年年底在雄安新区3县选取部分中小学开展问卷调查.调查表明,雄安新区中小学生对防震减灾知识关注度较高且参加意愿较强,对地震应急避险知识认知水平较高,在地震预警常识、地震谣言辨别方面处于中等偏上水平,但震后救援、自救互救认知...  相似文献   

GIS在矿业中的应用探讨   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

谢秋  黄涛 《地理空间信息》2005,3(4):33-35

介绍了地理信息系统及其在矿业中的应用,阐述了MGIS(矿山地理信息系统)开发的必要性、开发现状和发展趋势,分析了地理信息系统在矿业中应用的两大类别:多源信息的集成管理及多源信息的分析。  相似文献   

砂岩储层自生伊利石40Ar–39Ar定年技术及油气成藏年龄探讨     

云建兵  邱华宁 《地质学报》2009,83(8):1134-1140

油气成藏年龄是石油地质学和同位素年代学共同面临的科学难题之一。本文探讨砂岩储层自生伊利石40Ar–39Ar阶段加热技术获得油气成藏年龄的可能性。样品采自南海珠江口盆地第三纪珠海组砂岩储层,采用冷冻−加热循环技术缓慢碎裂样品,以减少碎屑长石混入量。释出气体首先经过专门研制的纯化装置,有效地除弃有机杂质气体,然后经过2个NP10 Zr/Al泵进一步纯化。06ZJ26I伊利石40Ar–39Ar激光阶段加热分析获得了阶梯状上升的年龄谱。开始3个最低激光能量阶段加权平均年龄(12.1 ± 2.2) Ma (2)解释为自生伊利石的最小年龄,可能代表了油气成藏的最大年龄;而较高激光能量阶段坪年龄(98.0 ± 0.9) Ma则代表了砂岩中陆源碎屑长石的年龄。与传统K-Ar法相比,40Ar–39Ar法可以揭示伊利石样品更多的年代学信息。  相似文献   

Comparison of two split-window methods for retrieving land surface temperature from MODIS data   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Shaohua Zhao  Qiming Qin  Yonghui Yang  Yujiu Xiong  Guoyu Qiu 《Journal of Earth System Science》2009,118(4):345-353

Land surface temperature (LST) is a key parameter in environment and earth science study, especially for monitoring drought. The objective of this work is a comparison of two split-window methods: Mao method and Sobrino method, for retrieving LST using MODIS (Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data in North China Plain. The results show that the max, min and mean errors of Mao method are 1.33K, 1.54K and 0.13K lower than the standard LST product respectively; while those of Sobrino method are 0.73K, 1.46K and 1.50K higher than the standard respectively. Validation of the two methods using LST product based on weather stations shows a good agreement between the standard and Sobrino method, with RMSE of 1.17K, whereas RMSE of Mao method is 1.85K. Finally, the study introduces the Sobmao method, which is based on Sobrino method but simplifies the estimation of atmospheric water vapour content using Mao method. The Sobmao method has almost the same accuracy with Sobrino method. With high accuracy and simplification of water vapour content estimation, the Sobmao method is recommendable in LST inversion for good application in Ningxia region, the northwest China, with mean error of 0.33K and the RMSE value of 0.91K.  相似文献   

Occurrence of highly abundant bacterial hopanoids in Dajiuhu peatland, central China     

Ze Zhang  Canfa Wang  Xuan Qiu  Xianyu Huang  Shucheng Xie 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2009,3(3):320-326

Based on gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses, an amazing amount of hopanoids was detected in the peat deposits in the Dajiuhu National Wetland Park in central China. The hopanoids identified included hopanes (C₂₇-C₃₁ αβ, C₂₇-C₃₂ ββ, C₂₉ βα), hopenes (hop-22(29)-ene, 22,29,30-trinorhop-17(21)-ene, hop-17(21)-ene, hop-13(18)-ene, etc.), hopanoic acids (C₃₁-C₃₄ ββ, C₃₂-C₃₃ βα, C₃₂ αβ), hopanols (C₃₂ ββ and αβ) and hopanone (22,29,30-trinorhop-21-one). C₃₁ αβ-22R hopane was found to be the dominant hopanoid, more abundant than individual nalkanes derived from higher plants. These hopanoids, exclusive of some hopenes, are proposed to be primarily from bacteria. The dominant C₃₁ αβ-22R hopane in young sediments, without any thermal maturation, might be formed through microbial epimerization under acidic conditions in the peatland as suggested before, or directly from aerobic bacteria. This finding highlights the importance of microbes in the formation of peatland as well as in the reconstruction of paleoenvironments.  相似文献