2015年7月大气环流和天气分析   总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1  

沈晓琳  张芳华  周博坤 《气象》2015,41(10):1298-1304

2015年7月环流特征如下：北半球极涡呈多极型,中高纬西风呈5波型分布。西太平洋副热带高压强度偏强。7月全国平均降水量88.7 mm,较常年同期偏少26.5%,为1951年来历史同期最少;全国平均气温为22.1℃,较常年同期偏高0.2℃。月内共出现7次主要降水过程,多站出现极端日降水量。7月共有5个热带气旋在西北太平洋和南海活动,生成个数与常年同期基本持平,并有2个台风(莲花和灿鸿)在我国登陆。新疆出现持续高温天气;华北、黄淮等地出现气象干旱;全国24个省（区、市）遭受风雹灾害。  相似文献   

洪水致弯曲河道挡墙稳定性衰变     

张瑞刚  许光祥  王林峰  康海  苏丽梅  刘丽 《岩土力学》2018,39(1):63-70

天然河道蜿蜒曲折,河湾处环流助长紊动、引发凹岸淘蚀冲刷,导致沿河公路挡墙水毁频发。针对弯道水流运动规律,对洪水条件下弯道挡墙进行受力分析;基于挡墙稳定性分析力学模型,推导了弯曲河道挡墙稳定系数计算公式,给出挡墙基底极限冲深计算方程。通过算例验证了在河湾平缓条件下弯道洪水冲击计算的合理性,并对挡墙稳定性衰减影响因素进行分析。结果表明：洪水上涨时,在墙底未发生冲刷条件下,随着弯道处洪水对挡墙的冲击荷载增大,挡墙稳定性提高;在墙底发生冲刷条件下,挡墙稳定性降低,墙底淘蚀可能导致挡墙倾覆失稳。洪水陡落时,挡墙稳定性随挡墙前后水位差增大而降低,挡墙的抗滑稳定系数衰减速度比抗倾覆稳定系数衰减速度更快,挡墙滑移失稳可能性较大。得出的挡墙稳定系数计算方法的结果与现场情况基本吻合,可为类似沿河挡墙的设计与研究提供理论参考。  相似文献   

新疆春季沙尘天气与前期月环流特征量的关系   总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9  

毛炜峄  艾力·买买提明  陈胜  路光辉 《干旱区地理》2005,28(2):171-175

用新疆春季(3～5月)的沙尘日数和北半球500hPa月环流特征量等资料,使应用相关和逐步回归分析方法,研究了新疆春季沙尘天气与前一年的月环流特征量的关系,相关分析和统计结果表明：(1)新疆春季的沙尘天气不仅与同在中纬度地区的西风带上的经向环流、东亚槽等有关,还更多地与中低纬地区的副热带高压以及高纬地区的极涡等系统的月环流特征量有关。(2)新疆春季沙尘天气与前一年夏、秋季的大气环流之间存在明显的隔季相关现象。(3)利用前一年月环流特征量建立了新疆春季沙尘天气日数之间的9个回归模型,9个分析模型都通过了0．001信度检验。其中,南疆的3个模型沙尘暴、扬沙、浮尘和全疆的扬沙、浮尘模型试报效果最好。  相似文献   

西北太平洋台风频数异常及其与海气通量的关系   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

郑浩阳  武亮  温之平  王同美 《海洋学报》2013,35(3):47-55

利用1984-2002年联合台风预警中心(JTWC)最佳路径台风资料、全球海洋客观分析海气通量(OAFluxes)资料和NCAR/NCEP-2再分析资料,使用SVD等统计方法,对西北太平洋台风频数与低层大气环流及海气通量异常之间的关系进行了研究,结果发现150°E以东的低纬海区是台风频数年际异常变化最显著的区域,台风频数与低层大气环流异常、潜热通量和短波辐射通量变化有着密切的联系:当副热带高压强度减弱(增强)、脊线偏北(南)、主体东移(西伸)时,季风槽加深东进至160°E(西退至140°E),低纬的纬向西风加强(减弱),海洋输送给大气较多(少)潜热通量,盛行的纬向西风携带着季风槽南侧的暖湿水汽与副热带高压南缘偏东气流的水汽输送在150°E以东(以西)的低纬海区辐合,150°E以东辐合上升的暖湿气团吸收的短波辐射偏多(少),有利于(不利于)形成高温高湿的不稳定结构,台风能量不断(不易)积累,在低层强(弱)辐合、高层强(弱)辐散的环境场作用下,有利于(不利于)台风在150°E以东的低纬海区的生成。  相似文献   

一个考虑潮汐、中尺度涡和地形影响的南海底部环流诊断模型     

肖劲根  谢强  刘长建  陈举  王东晓  陈美榕 《海洋学报》2013,35(5):1-13

本文构造了一个考虑潮汐、中尺度涡和地形影响下的南海底部环流诊断模型。在该模型中,潮汐混合和涡致混合引起的垂直速率用一个类似的改进参数化方案来表示。该模型结果显示在南海深层吕宋海峡"深水瀑布"和斜压影响最大,潮汐作用和中尺度涡影响次之,风场的影响最小。斜压影响的整体效应与其他因素相反。潮汐混合与涡致混合具有明显的地形依赖性。潮汐混合主要集中在南海北部海盆地形较为陡峭的陆坡区和南海中部海山区,而涡致混合主要集中在海盆西边界区以及中部海山区。在不考虑吕宋海峡"深水瀑布"、潮汐和中尺度涡的情况下(对应吕宋海峡关闭),南海底部环流为反气旋式环流。考虑吕宋海峡"深水瀑布"后,南海底层环流为气旋式环流,而潮汐混合和涡致混合起到加强整个气旋式环流强度的作用。此外,该模型还给出了南海底部环流量级大小与地形坡度之间的密切关系,即地形坡度较大的地方,其流速也大。这对于现场观测有着一定的参考意义。最后,本文用尺度分析的方法从理论上分析了该模型的适用性,证实了该模型具有一定的可靠性。  相似文献   

Severe winter weather as a response to the lowest Arctic sea-ice anomalies     

CHEN Hongxi  LIU N  ZHANG Zhanhai 《海洋学报(英文版)》2013,32(10):11-15

Possible impact of reduced Arctic sea-ice on winter severe weather in China is investigated regarding the snowstorm over southern China in January 2008. The sea-ice conditions in the summer （July-September） and fall （September-November） of 2007 show that the sea-ice is the lowest that year. During the summer and fall of 2007, sea ice displayed a significant decrease in the East Siberian, the northern Chukchi Sea, the western Beaufort Sea, the Barents Sea, and the Kara Sea. A ECHAM5.4 atmospheric general circula- tion model is forced with realistic sea-ice conditions and strong thermal responses with warmer surface air temperature and higher-than-normal heat flux associated with the sea-ice anomalies are found. The model shows remote atmospheric responses over East Asia in January 2008, which result in severe snowstorm over southern China. Strong water-vapor transported from the Bay of Bengal and from the Pacific Ocean related to Arctic sea-ice anomalies in the fall （instead of summer） of 2007 is considered as one of the main causes of the snowstorm formation.  相似文献   

Effect of sea level rise on tidal circulation in the Hooghly Estuary,Bay of Bengal     

P. C. Sinha  Y. R. Rao  S. K. Dube  T. S. Murty 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(4):341-366

The issue of sea level rise is receiving considerable attention all over the world. Although the Indian stations have shown mixed trends, a positive sea level trend has been noticed in the Hooghly Estuary, situated on the east coast of India. The Hooghly River serves as a navigable waterway to Calcutta and Haldia ports. The river is tidal for nearly 250 km. To study the water levels and tidal currents in the lower part of the Hooghly Estuary, from sea face at Sagar to Hooghly Point, a vertically integrated numerical model has been used. The model is fully nonlinear and uses a semiexplicit finite‐difference scheme to solve the basic hydrodynamic equations on a staggered grid. This model is coupled with a one‐dimensional model, which has been used for the upper estuary from Hooghly Point to Swarupganj, where the flow is unidirectional. The computed water levels and currents are found to be in good agreement with the available observations. This model is applied to study the alterations in tidal circulation for a rise and fall in the sea level. The results have shown a substantial increase in the amplitude and velocities of the tidal wave due to the sea level rise.  相似文献   

Role of Meso-Scale Eddies on Circulation in the South Eastern Arabian Sea in 2009     

A. Raghunadha Rao  G. Nageswara Rao  P. Sreenivas  P. V. Hareesh Kumar 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(3):319-333

Spatial current data were collected from South eastern Arabian Sea during July 2009 (summer monsoon) and December 2009 (winter monsoon) using the vessel mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP). During July 2009, observed ADCP currents were flowing southward along 75°E longitude with a complex pattern near the coast. During winter (December 2009), an anti-clockwise rotation of currents was observed in the study region, with its eastern arm along the southwest coast of India. The circulation pattern observed during the two seasons from ADCP measured data does not seem to follow any pattern described in climatology. To investigate this aspect, the geostrophic currents were computed utilizing the multi-mission altimeter sea surface height anomaly data for the corresponding months. The analysis of geostrophic currents indicates the presence of multiple eddies embedded in the Laccadive Low (LL) /Laccadive High (LH). Our present study shows that the meso-scale eddies embedded in the LL and LH play a significant role in deviating the observed circulation from climatology in this region. In addition, generating mechanisms of these eddies are addressed to substantiate our findings. The formation of these eddies is attributed to the local wind force during July 2009 and the enhanced baroclinic instability during December 2009.  相似文献   

Seismic activity recorded by a single OBS/H near the active Longqi hydrothermal vent at the ultraslow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge (49°39′ E)     

Yunlong Liu  Cai Liu  Lei Qiu  Vera Schlindwein  Haijiang Zhang 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(2):201-211

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we describe the results of a first pilot experiment of passive seismic monitoring near the active Longqi hydrothermal vent at the Southwest Indian Ridge during Chinese cruise DY115-30. During 102-day experiment, we recorded over 2,000 seismic events on a single ocean bottom seismometer with hydrophone close to the hydrothermal field. We classified these events into the following three classes based on their time–frequency characteristics: (1) volcano tectonic microearthquakes (VTMs); (2) regional earthquakes; (3) short-duration events (SDEs). We preliminarily located the 1,277 VTMs using a single-station location method. Our results revealed hypocenters primarily beneath the axial valley ridge which is about 10?km away from hydrothermal vent and extending to the upper mantle at a depth of 15?km. Two discrete swarms of VTMs occurred during our survey period. The SDEs show a complex frequency characteristics ascribed to clusters of monochromatic waves around different frequencies. This suggests that SDEs result from combination of harmonic waves resonating in fluid-filled pipes and cracks.  相似文献   

用活有孔虫分布指示三亚汊道外港潮流格局   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

尤坤元  朱晓东  Zhu Xiaodong  Cole F E 《海洋学报》1999,21(1):71-79

由因子分析得知,海南岛三亚湾汊道外港海底分布有四个主因子活有孔虫群,它们分别代表海湾内水体、湖冲出半盐水水体、湾外内陆架水体及内陆架与海湾水相混的过渡水体.这些水体在潮汐作用下的运动、相互混合,可由各水体的有孔虫指示.由每个主因子因子得分最高的三个属种百分含量之和等值线图所指示的外港潮流循环格局,与海洋学研究所得的结果相当一致.利用有孔虫指示潮汐汊道潮流格局尚属首次尝试,这方法对海岸开发分析泥沙运动、污染物排放等有实践意义.  相似文献