Modulation of Tropical Cyclone Activity Over the Northwestern Pacific Through the Quasi-Biweekly Oscillation     

祝丽娟  蔺飞龙  梁楚进 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2021,27(2):125-135

The quasi-biweekly oscillation (QBWO) is the second most dominant intraseasonal mode for circulation over the Northwestern Pacific (WNP) during boreal summer. In this study, we investigated how the QBWO modulates tropical cyclone (TC) activities over the WNP from dynamic and thermodynamic perspectives. The propagation of the QBWO can be divided into four phases through empirical orthogonal function analysis of the vorticity at 850 hPa, which was proven to be effective in extracting the QBWO signal. TC generation and landings are significantly enhanced during the active period (phases 1 and 2) relative to the inactive period (phases 3 and 4). Composite analyses show the QBWO could significantly modulate TC activity as it propagates northwestward by changing the atmospheric circulation at both high and low levels. Cumulus convection provides an important link between TCs and the QBWO. The major component of the atmosphere heat source is found to be the latent heat release of convection. The condensation latent heat centers, vertical circulation, and water vapor flux divergence cooperate well during different phases of the QBWO. The vertical profile of the condensation latent heat indicates upper-level heating (cooling) during the active (inactive) phases of the QBWO. Thus, the northwestward propagation of the QBWO can modulate TC activity by affecting the configuration of atmospheric heating over the WNP.  相似文献   

Hazard Analysis of Severe Convective Weather in Guangdong Province, China     

庞古乾  何健  刘畅  张柳红  刘运策  刘蔚琴 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2021,27(2):169-176

A hazard model of severe convective weather was constructed on the basis of meteorological observational data obtained in Guangdong Province between 2003 and 2015. In the analysis, quality control was first conducted on the severe convective weather data, and the kriging method was then used to interpolate each hazard-formative factor, the weights of which were determined by applying the coefficient of variation method. The results were used to establish the hazard-formative factor model of severe convective weather. The cities showing the greatest hazards for severe convective weather in Guangdong Province include Yangjiang, Dongguan, Foshan, Huizhou, Jiangmen, and Qingyuan.  相似文献   

青藏高原墨脱地区云降水综合观测及初步统计特征分析     

王改利  周任然  扎西索郎  刘黎平 《气象学报》2021,79(5):841-852

为加深对雅鲁藏布大峡谷水汽通道入口处云和降水三维结构及微物理特征的认识,在第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究专题和国家重点研发计划项目的支持下,中国气象科学研究院于2019年在西藏墨脱地区建立了野外观测试验基地,开展了水汽、云和降水的综合观测,先后布设了先进的Ka波段云雷达、微波辐射计、X波段双偏振相控阵雷达、降水现象仪、K波段微雨雷达等设备,获取了高时、空分辨率的云和降水的宏、微观数据。文中简单介绍了此次观测的情况,并利用云雷达2019年的观测数据和降水现象仪2019年6月至2020年6月的观测数据对云的宏观特征及雨滴谱特征进行了统计分析。从云的宏观特征来看,该地区云的发生率较高,云廓线占2019年云雷达观测廓线的67%,降水云廓线占总云廓线的45%。旱季和雨季云底高度的频率分布在垂直方向均有两个高值区,分别为0—1 km和2—3 km,且超过40%的云底高度低于1 km,这可能是墨脱降水云较多造成的。接近60%的云顶高度在4—7 km。总的来说,墨脱地区以中云和低云为主,云通常在下午到晚上形成,早上到中午慢慢消散;从雨滴谱分布特征来看,该地区平均的雨滴谱谱宽和大雨滴的浓度随雨强的增大而增大,降水以中、小粒子为主,中、小粒子浓度超过粒子数浓度的99%。对流云降水的特点是粒子直径较小,而数浓度较高。粒子质量加权平均直径（D_m）的范围在1.0—1.6 mm（平均1.38 mm）,标准化截距参数（lgN_w）的范围在3.6—4.5（平均4.01）,表现出海洋性对流降水的特征。此外,该地区降水的lgN_w呈现双峰特征,分别对应于对流云和层状云降水。   相似文献   

相似天气背景下深圳两次前汛期降水过程对比分析          下载免费PDF全文

李超  陈潜  赵春阳  张超 《山东气象》2021,41(2):24-33

在高空槽和低层切变线配合的相似环流背景下,2019 年 4 月 11 日深圳出现短时暴雨（ 简称“2019 年过程”）,2020 年 4 月 11 日以稳定性弱降水为主（ 简称“2020 年过程”）,利用 ERAS 再分析数据等对深圳这两次前汛期降水过程进行了对比分析。 结果表明,2019 年过程,温湿层结等对流条件和高空辐散条件较好,低空辐合动力条件相对较弱,在边界层辐合线触发下产生明显的中尺度对流系统（mesoscale convective system, MCS) 活动, 导致深圳出现短时强降水和雷暴大风。2020 年过程,低层辐合等动力条件较好,但对流条件相对较弱,降水以稳定性降水为主。 对比分析说明,温度和湿度层结条件较动力条件对华南前汛期 MCS 生成作用更为明显,强对流发生前 12 h深圳等珠三角地区 Q矢量辐合明显,对 MCS 活动以及强对流发生有较好的指示意义。  相似文献   

Assimilation of Doppler Radar Data with an Ensemble 3DEnVar Approach to Improve Convective Forecasting     

Shibo GAO  Haiqiu YU  Chuanyou REN  Limin LIU  Jinzhong MIN 《大气科学进展》2021,38(1):132-146

An ensemble three-dimensional ensemble-variational(3DEnVar)data assimilation(E3DA)system was developed within the Weather Research and Forecasting model’s 3DVar framework to assimilate radar data to improve convective forecasting.In this system,ensemble perturbations are updated by an ensemble of 3DEnVar and the ensemble forecasts are used to generate the flow-dependent background error covariance.The performance of the E3DA system was first evaluated against one experiment without radar DA and one radar DA experiment with 3DVar,using a severe storm case over southeastern China on 5 June 2009.Results indicated that E3DA improved the quantitative forecast skills of reflectivity and precipitation,as well as their spatial distributions in terms of both intensity and coverage over 3DVar.The root-mean-square error of radial velocity from 3DVar was reduced by E3DA,with stronger low-level wind closer to observation.It was also found that E3DA improved the wind,temperature and water vapor mixing ratio,with the lowest errors at the surface and upper levels.3DVar showed moderate improvements in comparison with forecasts without radar DA.A diagnosis of the analysis revealed that E3DA increased vertical velocity,temperature,and humidity corresponding to the added reflectivity,while 3DVar failed to produce these adjustments,because of the lack of reasonable cross-variable correlations.The performance of E3DA was further verified using two convective cases over southern and southeastern China,and the reflectivity forecast skill was also improved over 3DVar.  相似文献   

兰州市降水同位素变化特征及影响因素     

岳晓博  张明军  王圣杰  田媛媛 《冰川冻土》2022,44(5):1620-1630

利用2018年4月至2021年4月在兰州市4个站点收集到的349个降水事件样品,对兰州市降水同位素的变化特征和影响因素进行了研究。结果表明：兰州市降水同位素表现出夏季高冬季低的季节变化特征,并且夏半年降水同位素的空间变异性比冬半年显著。兰州市的大气降水线为δ²H=7.34δ¹⁸O+7.28（R²=0.96,P<0.01）,反映了兰州较为干旱的气候特点。在影响因素方面,兰州市降水同位素表现出温度效应。后向轨迹表明,兰州市夏半年降水受到季风水汽和西风带水汽的影响,冬半年降水主要来自于西风带水汽的输送;利用潜在源贡献因子（PSCF）分析法和浓度权重轨迹（CWT）分析法发现,潜在蒸发源区在夏半年主要分布在兰州东部区域,而冬半年几乎不存在潜在蒸发源区。此外,在夏半年,降水事件前几天的对流活动会对降水同位素产生综合影响,累积时间与对流活动的强度及频率有关,在季风初期和末期累积时间较长,季风强盛期较短;在冬半年,降水事件前几天的温度会对降水同位素产生综合影响,累积时间受到冷空气南下频率的影响。以上认识将为季风边缘区水循环过程的研究提供新的视角。  相似文献   

利用FY-2F数据检测快速发展对流     

汪柏阳  覃丹宇  刘传才 《遥感学报》2015,19(5):836-843

快速发展对流RDC(Rapid Developing Convection)是灾害性天气发生的先兆。如何利用卫星遥感技术快速捕捉到RDC信息,是天气临近预报非常关注的内容。随着中国FY-2F气象卫星快速扫描工作模式的业务化,可提供时间分辨率为6 min,空间分辨率为5 km的多通道快速扫描数据,这使得利用卫星检测RDC业务化成为可能。本文根据FY-2F多通道快速扫描数据的特点,设计了一种快速发展对流检测方法。该方法主要根据云顶快速降温率CTC(Cloud Top Cooling rate)的多通道判识,设计了带有3个测试的CTC过滤器,过滤之后得到每个RDC的局部亮温极小值点,然后以该点为中心对周围像元进行漫水填充,得到快速发展对流体。对2013年8月(94°E—129°E,11°N—26°N)的扫描数据进行试验验证,结果表明,本文方法对RDC检测的准确率POD、误报率FAR和临界成功指数CSI分别为0.89、0.15和0.77,能够较为准确地检测快速发展对流。  相似文献   

对流温度在局地热对流降水预报中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

束宇  姜有山  张志刚 《气象》2015,41(1):52-58

热对流降水是副热带高压控制下常见的一种天气现象,突发性强且时空尺度小,是目前天气预报业务中的难点。本文尝试使用对流温度（Tc）预报热对流降水。首先改进了 MICAPS3中Tc 的算法。然后使用2004—2013年7—8月南京站的探空和地面观测资料,探讨了在副热带高压控制下时使用Tc 预报热对流降水的可行性。结果表明,南京站热对流降水发生的气候平均概率约为1／6;热对流降水的发生概率随日最高温度（Tmax ）与Tc 的差值先增大后减小;当Tmax比Tc 低0．5℃以上时,发生概率低于平均概率;当Tmax比Tc 高0．5～1．5℃时,热对流降水的发生概率最大,达到了40％。Tmax＞30℃、Tmax－Tc＞－3．5℃是副热带高压控制下的热对流降水发生的两个必要条件。另外,对34个热对流降水的统计表明,热对流降水主要出现在每日13—18时,平均持续时间为50 min,平均降水量为7．8 mm。  相似文献   

Study of the soil–atmosphere moisture exchanges through convective drying tests in non‐isothermal conditions     

Pierre Gerard  Angélique Léonard  Jean‐Pierre Masekanya  Robert Charlier  Frédéric Collin 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2010,34(12):1297-1320

This paper deals with the moisture exchanges occurring between soils and the surrounding atmosphere. Convective drying tests are performed on Awans silts at different drying temperatures and air relative humidities in order to reproduce the natural drying conditions. The experiments improve the understanding of the vapour transfers kinetics between the soil samples and the atmosphere. The experimental results are analysed assuming that the transfers take place in a boundary layer existing at the surface of the porous medium. The influence of the thermal conditions on the evaporation is also taken into account. In our model, coupled vapour and energy exchanges are controlled by mass and heat transfer coefficients characterizing the boundary layer. These coefficients are determined from the drying experiments. The modelling of the drying tests in non‐isothermal conditions is performed in order to validate the formulation of the vapour and heat exchanges. The numerical results present a good agreement with the kinetic of the materials desaturation determined during the tests. The analysis of the moisture transport mechanisms into the sample and at the boundary shows that at the beginning of the test, the drying is first achieved by the transport of moisture in its liquid form and its evaporation at the sample outer boundary in contact with the atmosphere. In a second step, vapour diffusion becomes predominant into the sample and it corresponds to the most important decrease of relative humidity. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

新不透明度下对流超射对大中质量恒星演化的影响     

袁永泉  李如凤 《中国天文和天体物理学报》1996,(2)

本文采用国际上最新的辐射不透明度表，计算了有对流超射的两颗大中质量星从主序到中心氦燃烧结束阶段的演化，并和经典对流条件下的演化结果进行比较，发现恒星在赫罗图中的演化轨迹，中心氢、氦燃烧寿命，氢壳层源的特性都有明显变化，还注意到中等质量恒星的Tc-ρc关系对是否有对流超射较为敏感，并对这些变化进行了理论分析．  相似文献