Application of Hausdorff fractal derivative to the determination of the vertical sediment concentration distribution     

Hongguang Sun  Shiqian Nie  Aaron I.Packman  Yong Zhang  Dong Chen  Chengpeng Lu  Chunmiao Zheng 《国际泥沙研究》2023,38(1):12-23

The Rouse formula and its variants have been widely used to calculate the steady-state vertical concentration distribution for suspended sediment in steady sediment-laden flows, where the diffusive flux is assumed to be Fickian. Turbulent flow, however, exhibits fractal properties, leading to non-Fickian diffusive flux for sediment particles. To characterize non-Fickian dynamics of suspended sediment, the current study proposes a Hausdorff fractal derivative based advection-dispersion equation(H...  相似文献   

基于信息扩散理论的中国沿海特大台风暴潮灾害风险分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

张俊香  李平日  黄光庆  张虹鸥 《热带地理》2007,27(1):11-14

引入能够优化处理小样本和体现风险评估模糊不确定性的基于信息扩散原理的模糊风险计算模型,应用1949~2000年中国沿海特大台风暴潮记录数据对中国沿海特大台风暴潮灾害进行了风险评估,给出了中国沿海特大台风暴潮灾害的超越概率曲线并进行计算,结果与2001~2005年期间中国沿海特大台风暴潮的实际发生情况基本相吻合。该方法简单易行,分析结果意义清楚,对防灾减灾具有一定的指导作用。  相似文献   

太湖、琵琶湖中水平扩散系数的探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

逄勇  濮培民 《湖泊科学》1996,8(3):274-277

根据１９９２年和１９９３年在太湖和日本琵琶湖观测到的长序列湖流资料,依据Ｔａｙｌｏｒ扩散理论计算了太湖和琵琶湖中的水平扩散系数,计算结果与通过浓度扩散方程计算基本一致。  相似文献   

乌梁素海盐分在冰-水-沉积物间的分布及迁移特征     

姜涛  张生  赵胜男  史小红  孙标  刘禹  田伟东  杜丹丹 《湖泊科学》2019,31(4):969-975

盐分是参与湖泊物质循环的重要成分之一,湖泊盐度增加对湖泊生态系统健康造成了严重的威胁.乌梁素海总溶解性固体（TDS）和盐度均处于较高的水平,为揭示盐分在冰-水-沉积物中的分布及迁移规律,冰封期在乌梁素海7个采样点采集冰、冰下水和不同深度沉积物样品,分析样品的TDS、Na⁺和Cl^-浓度,得到各自在冰-水间浓度的比值,即分配系数K,并对水-沉积物界面Na⁺和Cl^-的扩散通量进行估算.结果显示,TDS、Na⁺和Cl^-在冰-水中分配系数K的均值分别为0.02、0.03和0.01,表明在湖水结冰形成冰盖的过程中,随着冰晶的析出,TDS、Na⁺和Cl^-逐渐在水体中浓缩,水体中Na⁺和Cl^-在浓度梯度驱动力作用下,向沉积物间隙水中扩散,估算其扩散通量均值分别为-229和-676 mg/（m²·d）.总之,湖水在冻结过程中,由于冰晶的析出,盐分向冰下水体中迁移,使得盐分浓度在冰下水体中浓缩增加,继而向沉积物中迁移,对湖泊水生态环境构成胁迫.  相似文献   

我国南方地区桉树叶浸泡对水库沉积物致黑元素分布及迁移转化的影响     

魏尧  李一平  朱雅  刘斯璇  李荣辉  唐春燕  郭晋川  陈刚  黄亚男  王亚宁  陈春  何菁 《湖泊科学》2022,34(4):1164-1174

我国南方地区桉树种植区周边水库冬季水体泛黑现象频发,桉树砍伐残体(尤其是叶)浸出液中富含的溶解性有机碳(DOC)、单宁酸与铁、锰、硫化物等一系列反应是其主要致黑原因,然而目前致黑物质对水库泛黑的贡献程度和途径仍不清楚.为了模拟桉树叶浸泡对水库黑水形成的影响机制,研究选取夏季水体未泛黑期(水体热分层稳定)进行室内浸泡实验,测定每6 h上覆水体溶解氧(DO)、氧化还原电位(Eh)、透光度等理化指标,分析DGT有效态铁、锰、硫和DOC、单宁酸浓度分布规律及迁移转化特征,计算沉积物-水界面处Fe²⁺、Mn²⁺、S^2-表观扩散通量.结果表明:桉树叶浸泡明显消耗水体中的DO,且显著影响水体Eh与透光度.此外,透光度与DO浓度呈显著正相关(相关系数为0.618~0.978).桉树叶浸泡释放大量DOC和单宁酸,其中单宁酸浓度远超有氧马尾松组,其上覆水中浓度分别达到23.9、26.0和34.0 mg/L,说明桉树浸泡为黑水形成提供了重要的DOC和单宁酸来源.桉树叶浸泡后上覆水和表层沉积物中DGT有效态Fe浓度均明显增加,深层沉积物间隙水中DGT有效态Fe浓度明显下降,且其表观扩散通量均为正值,说明深层沉积物中Fe向沉积物-水界面迁移,为黑水形成提供了重要的Fe来源.研究结果可为解决我国南方地区桉树人工林区水库水体突发性泛黑问题提供科学依据.  相似文献   

A Three-Dimensional Prediction Method for Thermal Diffusion     

WANG Lixia  SUN Yinglan  ZHENG Lianyuan Associate Professor  Insititute of Environmental Oceanography  Ocean University of Qingdao  Qingdao  China.Professor  Insititute of Environmental Oceanography  Ocean University of Qingdao  Qingdao  China. Lecturer  Insititute of Environmental Oceanography  Ocean University of Qingdao  Qingdao  China. 《中国海洋工程》1998,(3)

A three-dimensional,first order turbulence closure,thermal diffusion model is described inthis paper.The governing equations consist of an equation of continuity,three components of momentum,conservation equations for salt,temperature and subgridscale energy,and an equation of state.In the mod-el,according to the hypothesis of Kolmogorov and Prandtl,the viscosity coefficient of turbulent flow ofhomogeneous fluid is related to the local turbulent energy,and the horizontal and vertical exchangecoefficients of mass,heat and momentum are computed with the introduction of subgridscale turbulenceenergy.The governing equations are solved by finite difference techniques.This model is applied to theJiaozhou bay to predict thermal pollution by the Huangdao power plant.An instantaneous tidal currentfield is computed,then the distribution of temperature increment is predicted,and finally the effect of windstress on thermal discharge is discussed.  相似文献   

时间域航空电磁扩散特征和成像深度研究          下载免费PDF全文

殷长春  邱长凯  刘云鹤  蔡晶 《地球物理学报》2016,59(8):3079-3086

为了研究时间域航空电磁系统扩散特征,基于连续性边界条件将电磁场向下延拓得到地下介质中各点处的频率域响应,通过傅里叶变换将其变换到时间域.计算阶跃波形发射时垂直磁偶极子和水平磁偶极子在均匀半空间介质和两层介质中产生的电磁场,通过电流密度矢量图和随时间变化的电流密度等值线展示电磁场在地下介质中的扩散过程.电磁场在地下的扩散受电阻率结构的影响.在良导地区电磁场扩散慢、衰减快,而在高阻地区电磁场扩散快、衰减慢.垂直磁偶极子在地下产生的感应电流形成一个电流环随时间向下、向外扩散.水平磁偶极子在地下产生的感应电流形成两个互相叠加的电流环.时间域电磁场扩散代表着真正物理意义上的电磁扩散,因为它展示了地下电磁场空间分布随时间的变化和场强的衰减.基于对感应电流环的研究,我们探究了扩散深度和时间域航空电磁数据成像深度的关系.时间域电磁场扩散规律的研究不仅加深了对电磁扩散特征的理解,更有助于提高航空电磁数据解释水平.  相似文献   

Flood routing based on diffusion wave equation using mixing cell method     

V. P. Singh  Guang-Te Wang  D. D. Adrian 《水文研究》1997,11(14):1881-1894

A one-dimensional non-linear diffusion wave equation is derived from the Saint Venant equations with neglect of the inertia terms. This non-linear equation has no general analytical solution. Numerical schemes are therefore employed to discretize the space and time axes and convert the differential equation to difference form. In this study, the mixing cell method is used to convert the diffusion wave equation to difference form, in which the difference term can be eliminated by selecting an optimal space step size Δx when time step size Δt is given. When the time step size Δt→0, the space step size Δx=Q/(2S₀BC]_k) where Q is discharge, S₀ is bed slope, B is channel width and C_k is kinematic wave celerity, which is the same as the characteristic length proposed by Kalinin and Milyukov. The results of application to two cases show that the mixing cell and linear channel flow routing methods produce hydrographs that are in agreement with the observed flood hydrographs. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

白云石有序度与流变特征的研究进展     

郑重  王勤 《高校地质学报》2020,26(2):197-208

白云石CaMg(CO3)2常见于白云岩、灰岩及大理岩中,其稳定的温压范围很广,是研究俯冲隧道变形、全球碳循环和地幔交代作用的重要矿物。白云石的有序度可能与重结晶过程相关,温度是影响白云石有序度的关键因素,压力对白云石有序度的影响较弱。在1~3 GPa 下白云石完全无序的转变温度为1150~1200℃,Fe、Mn、Cd 离子含量的增高可显著降低白云石结构无序化的转变温度。天然变形的白云石常发育由底面c 滑移控制的晶格优选定向。根据白云石的流变律,在天然 应变速率下（10-15~10-12 s-1）,>400℃细粒白云石以扩散蠕变为主;而粗粒白云石以位错蠕变为主,只有在高温下（>600~700℃） 扩散蠕变才成为主控变形机制。分解反应或者动态重结晶可导致白云石流变强度的显著下降,应变集中。白云石c滑移的临界剪应力随温度升高而增大的现象可能与白云石有序度的变化有关,而围压、水逸度和成分对白云石流变的影响尚不清楚,定量研究白云石的有序度与流变学性质的相关性将为追踪碳酸盐岩和大理岩的成岩和变形历史提供新的信息。  相似文献   

南海北部陆坡区内孤立波的垂向热量输送   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

梁长荣  尚晓东  陈桂英 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(3):36-44

An integrated analysis of internal solitary wave(ISW) observations obtained from two moorings over the continental slope in the northern South China Sea(SCS) leads to an assessment of the vertical heat transport of the ISWs. The clusters of ISW packets are phase-locked to the fortnightly cycle of the semidiurnal tide. The ISWs appear during large semidiurnal tides, and there is a period of 5–6 d when no ISWs are observed. The effect of the ISWs on the continental slope heat budget is observed. The ISWs can modify a local temperature field in which the temperature in the upper layer can be changed by O(100) °C after the ISWs passed the mooring. Both ISWinduced diffusion and ISW-induced advection contribute to the temperature variation. The estimates imply an average vertical heat flux of 0.01 to 0.1 MW/m~2 in the ISWs in the upper 500 m of the water column. The vertical heat transport ranges from 0.56 to 2.83 GJ/m~2 with a mean value of 1.63 GJ/m~2. The observations suggest that the vertical heat transport is proportional to the maximum vertical displacement.  相似文献