海洋测量信息处理技术的发展     

黄文骞 《测绘工程》2004,13(3):1-4

海洋测量信息处理是海洋测绘的关键技术之一.为此,着重对当前海洋测量信息处理技术的几个研究热点进行了介绍,内容包括海陆基准的统一、海洋遥感图像的精校正、卫星测高和遥感测深技术,并对海洋测量信息处理与多元化表示作了简要的讨论.  相似文献   

New insights into the Quaternary evolution of the Bristol Channel,UK     

《第四纪科学杂志》2017,32(5):564-578

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Relative role and extent of marine and groundwater inundation on a dune‐dominated barrier island under sea‐level rise scenarios          下载免费PDF全文

Alex K. Manda  Michael S. Sisco  David J. Mallinson  Michael T. Griffin 《水文研究》2015,29(8):1894-1904

Climate change and sea‐level rise will have severe impacts on coastal water resources around the world. However, whereas the influence of marine inundation is well documented in the literature, the impact of groundwater inundation on coastal communities is not well known. Here, core analysis, groundwater monitoring, and ground penetrating radar are utilized to assess the groundwater regime of the surficial aquifer on Bogue Banks Barrier Island (USA). Then, geospatial techniques are used to assess the relative roles and extents of groundwater and marine inundation on the dune‐dominated barrier island under sea‐level rise scenarios of 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 m above current conditions by 2100. Additionally, the effects of rising water tables on onsite wastewater treatment systems (OWTS) are modelled using the projected sea‐level rise scenarios. The results indicate that the surficial aquifer comprising fine to medium sands responds quickly to precipitation. Water‐level measurements reveal varying thicknesses of the vadose zone (>3 to 0 m) and several groundwater mounds with radial flow patterns. Results from projected sea‐level rise scenarios suggest that owing to aquifer properties and morphology of the island, groundwater inundation may occur at the same rate as marine inundation. Furthermore, the area inundated by groundwater may be as significant as that affected by marine inundation. The results also show that the proportion of land in the study area where OWTS may be perpetually compromised by rising water tables under worst case scenarios may range from ~43 to ~54% over an 86‐year‐period. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

海洋磁力测量空间归算阈值条件确定及其应用     

于波  黄谟涛  翟国君  刘雁春 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2010,(2)

对仿真和实测数据的空间变化进行了分析,得出拖鱼起伏高度变化对测量成果的影响量级与测区磁异常水平梯度变化的复杂程度有关。提出了归算的阈值条件,并通过实例验证了该条件的合理性与实用性,并提出当测区要求是一级、二级和三级测量精度时,必须将测量数据归算到平均海面上。  相似文献   

Magnetic characterisation and correlation of a Younger Dryas tephra in North Atlantic marine sediments     

Clare Peters  William E. N. Austin  John Walden  Fiona D. Hibbert 《第四纪科学杂志》2010,25(3):339-347

A technique for identifying non‐visible basaltic tephra‐rich horizons of Younger Dryas (YD)/Greenland Stadial (GS) 1 age in northeast Atlantic sediments using rapid, non‐destructive magnetic measurements is presented. Three high‐resolution marine sediment cores have been studied in an E–W transect across the Hebridean margin: St Kilda Basin (MD95‐2007), Barra Fan (MD95‐2006) and Rockall Trough (MD04‐2822). Magnetic susceptibilities and remanent magnetisations were measured at contiguous 1 cm resolution on bulk sediments. In all three cores, an interval with higher proportions of hard magnetic minerals coincides with a clearly defined peak in basaltic tephra shard (>250 µm) counts, which can be constrained to the early part of the YD/GS1 based on faunal climate proxies. Electron microprobe analyses of the magnetically distinct basaltic tephra interval, in all three cores, displays the same major element geochemistry as published for the Vedde basaltic (I Tab. 1), i.e. sourced from the Icelandic volcano Katla. The identification of transitional alkalic basaltic tephras within marine sediments could potentially be facilitated by magnetic analysis as a useful chronostratigraphic screening tool. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

海洋溢油观测网络性能评价方法研究     

吴庚坤  刘善伟  杨敏  鲁法明  李蓟涛 《海洋科学》2018,42(1):166-172

海上溢油事故对海洋生态环境污染严重,溢油监测对于溢油事故的有效处理具有重要作用。本文从空、天、海、地的空间维度对现有的海上溢油事故监测平台进行分类,对常见的溢油信息监测传感器进行对比分析,对多平台、多传感器的海上溢油观测组网技术进行分析。建立了海上观测网络评价指标体系,并以机动性指标为例,给出了具体观测方案特定指标的定性和定量评价方法。  相似文献   

马里亚纳海沟浮游病毒垂直分布及动态变化     

李中石  汪岷  罗志祥  刘璐  夏骏  宫政  姜勇  邵红兵  陈洪涛  田纪伟 《海洋与湖沼》2018,49(6):1251-1258

为探究马里亚纳海沟浮游病毒生态特征的垂直变化规律,本研究于2015年12月采集马里纳亚海沟表层到8727m共六层水样,对浮游病毒丰度,浮游细菌丰度,微微型浮游植物丰度以及裂解性浮游病毒生产力进行了分析。流式细胞技术分析结果表明,马里亚纳海沟各层浮游病毒丰度范围为1.27×105—1.93×106VLP/mL,其中表层丰度最高,随后逐渐降低,最低值出现在3699m处。而在深渊海沟区域内病毒丰度略有上升,最深处8727m病毒丰度为2.85×105VLP/mL。马里亚纳海沟裂解性浮游病毒生产力变化范围为2.86×104—4.21×105VLP/(mL·h),其垂直分布呈现出与浮游病毒丰度相似的趋势,生产力最高值出现在表层,随后在相对较低的水平变动,而在深渊海沟区域内随深度略微上升, 8727m处生产力为4.08×104VLP/(mL·h)。同时本文根据假定的研究区域浮游病毒平均裂解量及宿主平均有机物质含量计算出病毒导致的细菌死亡率(VMM)以及相应的有机碳和有机氮释放量,其中VMM变化范围为1.59×103—2.34×104cells/(mL·h),8727m处VMM为2.27×103cells/(mL·h)。而每小时病毒导致的细菌死亡数在总细菌数量中占比在8727m处最低,为4.6%,这表明浮游病毒在深海环境中的侵染活性相对较低,可能由于极端环境下浮游病毒多以溶源状态存在。在深渊海沟内部观察到相对较高的浮游病毒丰度以及相对较低的病毒生产力水平,表明该水域浮游病毒死亡率较低,这或许与海沟内温度极低且环境相对隔离有关。各层浮游病毒丰度及生产力与环境因子间相关性分析结果表明,浮游病毒丰度和生产力均与浮游细菌丰度表现出较高的正相关关系(P0.05),同时病毒生产力也表现出与温度的显著正相关性,表明浮游病毒的活跃程度主要依赖于宿主细胞的浓度以及海水温度。  相似文献   

时频方向谱分析在海洋电磁数据处理中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

徐震寰  李予国 《地球物理学报》2019,62(12):4874-4885

海底采集到的电磁数据按照其主要包含的信息及研究目的大致可分为海洋可控源电磁场(CSEM)信号、天然场源大地电磁场(MT)信号、海洋环境电磁场信号以及其他随机干扰信号.常常通过计算功率谱密度、时频分析和极化分析的方法研究海洋电磁场特征.本文介绍一种新方法——时频方向谱分析法及其在实测海洋电磁数据处理中的应用,该方法能够在一定的时间-频率尺度上有效分辨场源信号的运动方向.对于海洋CSEM数据,利用该方法可以估算发射源的运动方向,进而在发射源或采集站方位信息缺失情况下,实现海洋CSEM数据的旋转电性轴处理.对于海洋电磁数据,利用该方法可以详细分析海水运动感应电磁场的信号特征.  相似文献   

中国南麂列岛产海洋底栖硅藻新种-南麂侧链藻(Pleurosira nanjiensis sp. nov.)的形态与分子系统学研究     

李宇航  南云保  徐奎栋 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(10):33-39

本文描述了采自南麂列岛小柴屿岩相潮间带的一海洋底栖硅藻新种，南麂侧链藻（Pleurosira nanjiensis sp.nov.）。本研究使用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对该种进行了形态学观察，并基于SSU rRNA和rbcL基因重建了其系统发育关系。南麂侧链藻具有壳面橄榄形、椭圆形或圆形，壳面隆起，单眼突出于壳表面，2–3个唇状突（rimportulae），放射排列的线纹等特征，区别于其他侧链藻。  相似文献   

Data-moderate assessments of Cape monkfish Lophius vomerinus and west coast sole Austroglossus microlepis in Namibian waters     

JN Kathena  A Kokkalis  MW Pedersen  JE Beyer  UH Thygesen 《African Journal of Marine Science》2018,40(3):293-302

There is global interest in providing scientific advice on optimal harvesting of all commercially exploited fish stocks. Nevertheless, many commercially important stocks lack analytical assessments. Therefore, we evaluate a data-moderate stock assessment method: the stochastic surplus production model in continuous time (SPiCT). The method was applied to two Namibian stocks: (i) the data-rich Cape monkfish Lophius vomerinus, where results are compared to a new data-rich assessment using a state–space assessment model (SAM); and (ii) the data-moderate west coast sole Austroglossus microlepis, which is an important bycatch species in the Cape monkfish fishery, but currently unassessed. The information available to the data-moderate assessment is total commercial catch, commercial catch per unit effort (CPUE), and survey CPUE. SPiCT and SAM gave largely consistent estimates of relative fishing mortality (F/F_MSY) and relative exploitable biomass (B/B_MSY) for the Cape monkfish stock, although with some discrepancies. Differences in the biomass estimates between the two assessments suggest that further investigation is required to understand the cause, and that some caution is necessary when considering the biomass of the stock. SPiCT shows that the west coast sole may be overexploited, although the confidence bounds were too wide for a firm conclusion. Similarity in the estimates of F/F_MSY for Cape monkfish in recent years, using SPiCT relative to SAM, likewise indicates the suitability of SPiCT for managing west coast sole.  相似文献